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Observations of Extended Green Objects in the 1.35-cm H2O Line on the 22-m Pushchino Radio Telescope

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Abstract

Observations of H2O maser sources at 1.35 cm associated with extended regions of 4.5-µm emission (indicated as “green” on Spitzer survey maps—so-called Extended Green Objects, EGOs) are reported. EGOs are considered as characteristic signposts of regions of formation of massive stars, which host high-velocity outflows, as well as methanol, water, and hydroxyl masers. The observations were carried out in January–May 2015 on the 22-meter radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory. The sample studied includes 24 EGOs north of declination -29° taken from the Spitzer GLIMPSE survey, together with one of the brightest Class I methanol masers G6.05-1.45 (M8E) and the Class I methanol maser in an IRDC G359.94+0.17. H2O maser emission was detected toward 11 of the EGOs: G11.94-0.62, G14.33-0.64, G16.59-0.06, G23.01-0.41, G24.943+0.074, G28.83-0.25, G34.3+0.2, G34.403+0.233, G35.20-0.74, G45.47+0.07, and G49.267-0.337. These including the well known H2O maser in the W44 region, G34.3+0.2. H2O emission from G28.83-0.25 was detected for the first time, at 77.6 km/s, with a flux density of 19 Jy in January and 16 Jy in February 2015. The source was probably caught at an early stage of the propagation of a shock wave. The Class I methanol masers G359.94+0.17 and G6.05-1.45 (M8E) and 13 of the EGOs were not detected in the H2O line, with 3s upper limits of ~6-7 Jy. Spectra and maser-emission parameters are given for the detected H2Omasers, for some of which strong variability of the H2O maser emission was observed. The detected H2Omasers, together with the Class I methanol masers and extended 4.5-µm emission, are associated with a very early stage in the development of young stellar objects in the regions of the EGOs. However, this sample of EGOs is not uniform. The presence of 44-GHz Class I methanol masers together with EGOs cannot be considered the only sign of early stages of star formation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Universitetskii pr. 13, Moscow, 119234, Russia

    G. M. Rudnitskii & E. E. Lekht

  2. Astro Space Center, Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    O. S. Bayandina & I. E. Val’tts

  3. Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of Physics, Technology, and Information Systems, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 29, Moscow, 119992, Russia

    O. S. Bayandina & E. R. Khan

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  1. G. M. Rudnitskii
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  4. I. E. Val’tts
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Correspondence to G. M. Rudnitskii.

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Original Russian Text © G.M. Rudnitskii, E.E. Lekht, O.S. Bayandina, I.E. Val’tts, E.R. Khan, 2016, published in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2016, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 121–136.

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Rudnitskii, G.M., Lekht, E.E., Bayandina, O.S. et al. Observations of Extended Green Objects in the 1.35-cm H2O Line on the 22-m Pushchino Radio Telescope. Astron. Rep. 60, 129–144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772916010029

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