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High Dynamic Range Video Coding

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Handbook of Signal Processing Systems

Abstract

Methods for the efficient coding of high-dynamic range (HDR) still-images and video sequences are reviewed. In dual-layer techniques, a base layer of standard-dynamic range data is enhanced by additional image data in an enhancement layer. The enhancement layer may be additive or multiplicative. If there is no requirement for backward compatibility, adaptive HDR-to-standard dynamic range (SDR) mapping schemes in the encoder allow for improved coding efficiency versus the backward-compatible schemes. In single-layer techniques, a base layer is complemented by metadata, such as supplementary enhancement information (SEI) data or color remapping information (CRI) data, which allow a decoder to apply special “reshaping” or inverse-mapping functions to the base layer to reconstruct an approximation of the original HDR signal. New standards for exchanging HDR signals, such as SMPTE 2084 and BT. 2100, define new mapping functions for translating linear scene light captured by a camera to video and are replacing the traditional “gamma” mapping. The effect of those transforms to existing coding standards, such as high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and beyond, are reviewed, and novel quantization and coding schemes that take these new mapping functions into consideration are also presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Candela per square meter (cd/m2), also referred to as nit, is the international standard unit of luminance.

  2. 2.

    “Tone mapping” refers to the process of mapping luminance values in a high dynamic range to luminance values in a lower dynamic range.

  3. 3.

    WCG stands for wide color gamut, referring to any color gamut larger than the color gamut supported by the original analog television systems and CRTs. For example, Rec. BT. 2020 [51] defines a WCG container for ultra-high-definition TVs.

  4. 4.

    BDVM stands for Blu-Ray Disc Movie.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dolby Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Konstantinos Konstantinides, Guan-Ming Su & Neeraj Gadgil

Authors
  1. Konstantinos Konstantinides
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  2. Guan-Ming Su
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  3. Neeraj Gadgil
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Konstantinos Konstantinides .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE and UMIACS, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya

  2. Leiden Embedded Research Center, Leiden University Leiden Institute Advanced Computer Science, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Ed F. Deprettere

  3. RWTH Aachen University Software for Systems on Silicon, Aachen, Germany

    Rainer Leupers

  4. Department of Pervasive Computing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

    Jarmo Takala

Appendix: List of Abbreviations

Appendix: List of Abbreviations

AVC:

Advanced Video coding

BDVM HDR:

Blu-ray Disc Movie HDR

BL:

Base Layer

CAQ:

Content Adaptive Quantization

CfE:

Call for Evidence

CRI:

Color Remapping Information

CRT:

Cathode Ray Tube

EL:

Enhancement Layer

EOTF:

Electro-Optical Transfer Function

HDR:

High Dynamic Range

HDR ETM HDR:

Exploratory Test Model

HDTV:

High Definition Television

HEVC:

High Efficiency Video Coding

HLG:

Hybrid Log-Gamma

HVS:

Human Visual System

ITU:

International Telecommunication Union

JPEG:

Joint Photographic Experts Group

LDR:

Lower Dynamic Range

LSB:

Least Significant Bit

LUT:

Look-up Table

MMR:

Multivariate Multiple Regression

MPEG:

Moving Picture Experts Group

MSB:

Most Significant Bit

MSE:

Mean-Squared Error

NLQ:

Non-Linear Quantizer

OETF:

Opto-Electrical Transfer Function

OOTF:

Opto-Optical Transfer Function

PQ:

Perceptual Quantizer

PSNR:

Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio

QP:

Quantization Parameter

RD:

Rate-Distortion

ROI:

Region of Interest

SDI:

Serial Digital Interface

SDR:

Standard Dynamic Range

SEI:

Supplementary Enhancement Information

SMPTE:

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

TIFF:

Tagged Image File Format

UHD:

Ultra-high-definition

VDP:

Visual Difference Predictor

VQM:

Video Quality Measure

WCG:

Wide Color Gamut

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Konstantinides, K., Su, GM., Gadgil, N. (2019). High Dynamic Range Video Coding. In: Bhattacharyya, S., Deprettere, E., Leupers, R., Takala, J. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91734-4_5

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