Abstract
Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) play an important role in preventing privacy leakage of data along information flows. Although business process modelling is well-suited for expressing stakeholder collaboration and process support by technical solutions, little is done to visualise and analyse privacy leakages in the processes. We propose PE-BPMN – privacy-enhanced extensions to the BPMN language for capturing data leakages. We demonstrate its feasibility in the mobile app scenario where private data leakages are determined. Our approach helps system builders make decisions on the privacy solutions at the early stages of development and lets auditors analyse existing systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
DARPA Brandeis—http://www.darpa.mil/program/brandeis.
References
Privacy management reference model and methodology (PMRM) version 1.0. OASIS Committee Specification 02 (2016). http://docs.oasis-open.org/pmrm/PMRM/v1.0/cs02/PMRM-v1.0-cs02.html
Accorsi, R., Lehmann, A., Lohmann, N.: Information leak detection in business process models. Inf. Syst. 47(C), 244–257 (2015)
Altuhhova, O., Matulevičius, R., Ahmed, N.: An extension of business process model and notification for security risk management. IJISMD 4(4), 93–113 (2013)
Ayed, G.B., Ghernaouti-Helie, S.: Processes view modeling of identity-related privacy business interoperability: considering user-supremacy federated identity technical model and identity contract negotiation. In: 2012 Proceedings of the ASONAM (2012)
Blakley, G.R.: Safeguarding cryptographic keys. In: Proceedings of the 1979 AFIPS National Computer Conference, pp. 313–317. AFIPS Press (1979)
Boyle, E., Gilboa, N., Ishai, Y.: Function secret sharing. In: Oswald, E., Fischlin, M. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2015. LNCS, vol. 9057, pp. 337–367. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46803-6_12
Brucker, A.D., Hang, I., Lückemeyer, G., Ruparel, R.: SecureBPMN: modeling and enforcing access control requirements in business processes. In: Proceedings of the SACMAT 2012, pp. 123–126. ACM (2012)
Cherdantseva, Y., Hilton, J., Rana, O.: Towards SecureBPMN - aligning BPMN with the information assurance and security domain. In: Mendling, J., Weidlich, M. (eds.) BPMN 2012. LNBIP, vol. 125, pp. 107–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33155-8_9
Danezis, G., Domingo-Ferrer, J., Hansen, M., Hoepman, J.-H., Metayer, D.L., Tirtea, R., Schiffner, S.: Privacy and data protection by design-from policy to engineering. Technical report, European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (2015)
Diffie, W., Hellman, M.: New directions in cryptography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 22(6), 644–654 (2006)
Dumas, M., García-Bañuelos, L., Laud, P.: Differential privacy analysis of data processing workflows. In: Kordy, B., Ekstedt, M., Kim, D.S. (eds.) GraMSec 2016. LNCS, vol. 9987, pp. 62–79. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46263-9_4
Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., Reijers, H.: Fundamentals of Business Process Management. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Regulation on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (2016). http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Joint Task Force and Transformation Initiative: Security and privacy controls for federal information systems and organizations. NIST Special Publication, 800:53 (2013)
Gentry, C.: Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices. In: Proceedings of the Forty-first Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2009, pp. 169–178. ACM, New York (2009)
Greenberg, A.: Apple’s ‘Differential Privacy’ is about collecting your data-but not your data. Wired (2016)
Heurix, J., Zimmermann, P., Neubauer, T., Fenz, S.: A taxonomy for privacy enhancing technologies. Comput. Secur. 53, 1–17 (2015)
ISO/IEC DIS 29134: Information technology - security techniques - privacy impact assessment - guidelines. Technical report, International Organization for Standardization (2016)
Koorn, R., van Gils, H., ter Hart, J., Overbeek, P., Tellegen, R., Borking, J.: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, White Paper for Decision Makers. Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, The Netherlands (2004)
Ladha, W., Mehandjiev, N., Sampaio, P.: Modelling of privacy-aware business processes in BPMN to protect personal data. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 1399–1405 (2014)
Menzel, M., Thomas, I., Meinel, C.: Security requirements specification in service-oriented business process management. In: ARES 2009, pp. 41–49 (2009)
Mouratidis, H., Kalloniatis, C., Islam, S., Hudic, A., Zechner, L.: Model based process to support security and privacy requirements engineering. Int. J. Secur. Softw. Eng. 3(3), 1–22 (2012)
OMG: Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/
Rodriguez, A., Fernandez-Medina, E., Piattini, M.: A BPMN extension for the modeling of security requirements in business processes. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 90(4), 745–752 (2007)
Schleicher, D., Leymann, F., Schumm, D., Weidmann, M.: Compliance scopes: extending the BPMN 2.0 meta model to specify compliance requirements. In: SOCA 2010, pp. 1–8 (2010)
Shamir, A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)
Solove, D.J.: A taxonomy of privacy. Univ. Pa. Law Rev. 154, 477–564 (2006)
Weiss, M.A., Archick, K.: US-EU Data Privacy: From Safe Harbor to Privacy Shield. Congressional Research Service (2016)
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Prof. Marlon Dumas, Peeter Laud and other members of the NAPLES project for discussions, comments and feedback concerning this study. This research was, in part, funded by the Air Force Research laboratory (AFRL) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract FA8750-16-C-0011. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. This work was also supported by the European Regional Development Fund through the Excellence in IT in Estonia (EXCITE) and by the Estonian Research Council under Institutional Research Grant IUT27-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pullonen, P., Matulevičius, R., Bogdanov, D. (2017). PE-BPMN: Privacy-Enhanced Business Process Model and Notation. In: Carmona, J., Engels, G., Kumar, A. (eds) Business Process Management. BPM 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10445. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65000-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65000-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64999-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65000-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)