Abstract
In Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT), the development of a highly autonomous agent as a team member is difficult. Similar to human-human teaming, there are multiple dimensions of social behaviors that occur during HAT that must be accounted for within the development of the agent or system. One of these dimensions is team synchrony. In general, team synchrony is, when two systems (or two individuals in a team) are synchronized, resulting in their recurrences being dependent on each other. In order for a human-autonomy team to be synchronous the agent must communicate effectively (i.e., synchronize effectively) with its human team members. Thus, in this paper we present a conceptual discussion on what team synchrony is, how it occurs, and how to better develop it in HAT. To ground our discussion, we use our recent studies in which we empirically looked at team behaviors and team synchrony of HAT.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arrow, H., McGrath, J.E., Berdahl, J.L.: Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation, 1st edn. SAGE Publications Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA (2000)
Kelso, J.A.S.: Dynamic Patterns: The Self-organization of Brain and Behavior. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)
Cooke, N.J., Gorman, J.C., Rowe, L.J.: Team effectiveness in complex organizations: crossdisciplinary perspectives and approaches. In: An Ecological Perspective on Team Cognition, pp. 157–182. Taylor & Francis, Abington (2009)
Stevens, R.H., Gorman, J.C.: Mapping cognitive attractors onto the dynamic landscapes of teamwork. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds.) Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Directing the Future of Adaptive Systems, pp. 366–375. Springer, Berlin (2011)
Fiore, S.M., Wiltshire, T.J.: Technology as teammate: examining the role of external cognition in support of team cognitive processes. Front. Psychol. 7, 1531 (2016)
Demir, M., McNeese, N.J., Cooke, N.J., Ball, J.T., Myers, C., Freiman, M.: Synthetic teammate communication and coordination with humans. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 951–955 (2015)
Demir, M., McNeese, N.J., Cooke, N.J.: Team communication behaviors of the human-automation teaming. In: 2016 IEEE International Multi-disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), pp. 28–34 (2016)
Demir, M., McNeese, N.J., Cooke, N.J.: Team situation awareness within the context of human-autonomy teaming. Cogn. Syst. Res. (2016)
Dang, T.S., Palit, S.K., Mukherjee, S., Hoang, T.M., Banerjee, S.: Complexity and synchronization in stochastic chaotic systems. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 225(1), 159–170 (2016)
Ball, J., et al.: The synthetic teammate project. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 16(3), 271–299 (2010)
Vagia, M., Transeth, A.A., Fjerdingen, S.A.: A literature review on the levels of automation during the years. What are the different taxonomies that have been proposed? Appl. Ergon. 53(Part A), 190–202 (2016)
Endsley, M.R.: Autonomous Horizons: System Autonomy in the Air Force—A Path to the Future. Department of the Air Force Headquarters of the Air Force, Washington DC, Autonomous Horizons AF/ST TR 15-01, June 2015
Sycara, K., Lewis, M.: Integrating intelligent agents into human teams. In: Salas, E., Fiore, S.M. (eds.) Team Cognition: Understanding the Factors that Drive Process and Performance, pp. 203–231. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (2004)
Wijngaards, N., Kempen, M., Smit, A., Nieuwenhuis, K.: Towards sustained team effectiveness. In: Boissier, O., Padget, J., Dignum, V., Lindemann, G., Matson, E., Ossowski, S., Sichman, J.S., Vázquez-Salceda, J. (eds.) Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Multi-agent Systems, pp. 35–47. Springer, Berlin (2006)
Cuevas, H.M., Fiore, S.M., Caldwell, B.S., Strater, L.: Augmenting Team Cognition in Human-Automation Teams Performing in Complex Operational Environments. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 78(5), B63–B70 (2007)
Langan-Fox, J., Canty, J.M., Sankey, M.J.: Human–automation teams and adaptable control for future air traffic management. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 39(5), 894–903 (2009)
Schulte, A., Donath, D., Lange, D.S.: Design patterns for human-cognitive agent teaming. In: Harris, D. (ed.) Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, pp. 231–243. Springer, Cham (2016)
Schooley, L.C., Zeigler, B.P., Cellier, F.E., Wang, F.Y.: High-autonomy control of space resource processing plants. IEEE Control Syst. 13(3), 29–39 (1993)
Krogmann, U.: From Automation to Autonomy-Trends Towards Autonomous Combat Systems. NATO Science and Technology Organization, France, Unclassified RTO MP-44 (1999)
Klein, G., Woods, D.D., Bradshaw, J.M., Hoffman, R.R., Feltovich, P.J.: Ten challenges for making automation a ‘team player’ in joint human-agent activity. IEEE Intell. Syst. 19(6), 91–95 (2004)
Anderson, J.R.: How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007)
Cooke, N.J., Gorman, J.C.: Interaction-based measures of cognitive systems. J. Cognit. Eng. Decis. Mak. 3(1), 27–46 (2009)
Cooke, N.J., Shope, S.M.: Designing a synthetic task environment. In: Schiflett, L.R.E., Salas, E., Coovert, M.D. (eds.) Scaled Worlds: Development, Validation, and Application, pp. 263–278. Ashgate Publishing, Surrey (2004)
Pikovsky, A., Rosenblum, M., Kurths, J.: Synchronization: A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Sciences, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)
Semin, G.R.: Grounding communication: synchrony. In: Kruglanski, A.W., Higgins, E.T. (eds.) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, 2nd edn, pp. 630–649. Guilford Press, New York, NY (2007)
Duarte, R., Araújo, D., Correia, V., Davids, K., Marques, P., Richardson, M.J.: Competing together: Assessing the dynamics of team–team and player–team synchrony in professional association football. Hum. Mov. Sci. 32(4), 555–566 (2013)
Eckmann, J.-P., Kamphorst, S.O., Ruelle, D.: Recurrence plots of dynamical systems. EPL Europhys. Lett. 4(9), 973 (1987)
Blasco, R., Carmen, M.: Synchronization analysis by means of recurrences in phase space (2004)
Knight, A.P., Kennedy, D.M., McComb, S.A.: Using recurrence analysis to examine group dynamics. Group Dyn. Theory Res. Pract. 20(3), 223–241 (2016)
Romero, V., Fitzpatrick, P., Schmidt, R.C., Richardson, M.J.: Using cross-recurrence quantification analysis to understand social motor coordination motor coordination in children with autism spectrum disorder autism spectrum disorder. In: Webber Jr., C.L., Ioana, C., Marwan, N. (eds.) Recurrence Plots and Their Quantifications: Expanding Horizons, pp. 227–240. Springer, Cham (2016)
Marwan, N., Carmen Romano, M., Thiel, M., Kurths, J.: Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems. Phys. Rep. 438(5–6), 237–329 (2007)
Rizzi, M., Frigerio, F., Iori, V.: The early phases of epileptogenesis induced by status epilepticus are characterized by persistent dynamical regime of intermittency type. In: Webber Jr., C.L., Ioana, C., Marwan, N. (eds.) Recurrence Plots and Their Quantifications: Expanding Horizons, pp. 185–208. Springer, Cham (2016)
Demir, M., Cooke, N.J.: Human teaming changes driven by expectations of a synthetic teammate. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 16–20 (2014)
McNeese, N.J., Demir, M., Cooke, N.J., Myers, C.W.: Teaming with a synthetic teammate: insights into human-autonomy teaming. J. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. (submitted)
Acknowledgments
This research was partially supported by ONR Award N000141110844 (Program Managers: Marc Steinberg, Paul Bello).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Demir, M., McNeese, N.J., Cooke, N.J. (2018). Team Synchrony in Human-Autonomy Teaming. In: Chen, J. (eds) Advances in Human Factors in Robots and Unmanned Systems. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 595. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60384-1_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60384-1_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60383-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60384-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)