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Chemopreventive role of probiotics against cancer: a comprehensive mechanistic review

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Abstract

Probiotics use different mechanisms such as intestinal barrier improvement, bacterial translocation and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis to treat cancer. Probiotics’ ability to induce apoptosis against tumor cells makes them more effective to treat cancer. Moreover, probiotics stimulate immune function through an immunomodulation mechanism that induces an anti-tumor effect. There are different strains of probiotics, but the most important ones are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) having antagonistic and anti-mutagenic activities. Live and dead probiotics have anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant and anti-metastatic properties which are useful to fight against different diseases, especially cancer. The main focus of this article is to review the anti-cancerous properties of probiotics and their role in the reduction of different types of cancer. However, further investigations are in progress to improve the efficiency of probiotics in cancer treatment.

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Data Availability

Nearly all of the data collected during this study are incorporated in this article. However data in raw form are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Abbreviations

ALL:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

BCG:

Bacillus galmette-guerin

CFU:

Colony forming unit

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

DCs:

Dendritic cells

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

EN:

Enteral nutrition

GC:

Gastric cancer

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

LGG:

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

MMP-9:

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9

NK cells:

Natural killer cells

TRAIL:

Tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand

UCC:

Urothelial cell carcinoma

UGIC:

Upper gastrointestinal cancer

UVC:

Ultraviolet C

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WHO:

World Health Organization

WT1:

Wilms’ tumor 1

XCL1:

Chemokine C motif ligand 1

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Acknowledgements

For the current study authors are extremely obliged to the Department of Zoology, Govt. College University, Lahore, Pakistan, for provision of research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology and Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Shehzeen Noor, Shaukat Ali, Shumaila Riaz, Iqra Sardar, Muhammad Adeel Farooq & Ayesha Sajjad

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  1. Shehzeen Noor
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  2. Shaukat Ali
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  3. Shumaila Riaz
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  4. Iqra Sardar
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  5. Muhammad Adeel Farooq
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  6. Ayesha Sajjad
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Correspondence to Shaukat Ali.

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Noor, S., Ali, S., Riaz, S. et al. Chemopreventive role of probiotics against cancer: a comprehensive mechanistic review. Mol Biol Rep 50, 799–814 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-08023-7

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