Abstract
Climate change has exacerbated the rate and intensity of abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, posing significant threats to the crop growth and yield. This review comprehensively explores recent physiochemical and molecular approaches to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. It highlights the complex physiological adjustments, including stomatal regulation, osmotic balance, and altered growth patterns, that plants undergo in response to environmental stressors. The review delves into the biochemical pathways involved in stress response, notably the glyoxalase system and ascorbate-glutathione pathway, emphasizing their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress tolerance, focusing on the modulation of gene expression, regulation of stress-responsive genes, and the potential of genetic engineering to enhance resilience. We also discuss the contribution of secondary metabolites and both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in mitigating the adverse effects of stress. Moreover, the review addresses the advancements in technological tools that have revolutionized our understanding of stress physiology, including genomic editing and transcriptomic analyses. The comprehensive synthesis of current research findings provides valuable insights into the development of innovative strategies to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, contributing significantly to the field of sustainable agriculture and global food security in the era of climate change.
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Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number RGP2/328/45.
Funding
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number RGP2/328/45.
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Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej: Played a leading role in conceptualizing the review theme, overseeing the compilation of research materials related to the impact of climate change on food security, and was instrumental in the metagenomic analysis and interpretation section. Muhammad Hamzah Saleem: As the corresponding author, Muhammad was pivotal in drafting the manuscript, synthesizing the collective contributions into a cohesive narrative, and steering the review process. He also handled the manuscript’s revision stages and correspondence with the journal. Khalid Ali Khan: Brought specialized expertise in stress physiology and agricultural practices, contributing to sections of the paper dealing with plant-microbe interactions and stress tolerance mechanisms. Sezai Ercisli: Provided critical insights into the ecological and agronomic traits screening process, drawing on extensive experience in horticultural science to inform the paper’s discussions on sustainable agricultural practices. Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy: Focused on the analysis of global policy frameworks and adaptation strategies, contributing a geopolitical and socioeconomic perspective to the review’s exploration of food security challenges. Shah Fahad: As the corresponding author, Muhammad was pivotal in drafting the manuscript, synthesizing the collective contributions into a cohesive narrative, and steering the review process. He also handled the manuscript’s revision stages and correspondence with the journal.
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M.H. Saleem, M.F.B. Mfarrej, K.A. Khan, S. Ercisli, M.M. Elsharkawy and S. Fahad declare that they have no competing interests.
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Saleem, M.H., Mfarrej, M.F.B., Khan, K.A. et al. Advances in Physiochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Journal of Crop Health 76, 753–767 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-024-00993-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-024-00993-x