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Vortex interactions of two burst-and-coast swimmers in a side-by-side arrangement

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Abstract

Both schooling behavior and burst-and-coast gait could improve fish swimming performance. The extent to which fish can improve their swimming performance by combining these two strategies is still unknown. By examining two self-propelled pitching foils positioned side-by-side at different duty cycles (DC), we examine swimming speed and cost of transport efficiency (CoT) using the open-source immersed boundary software IBAMR. We find that a stable schooling formation can only be maintained if both foils employ similar and moderate DC values. In these cases, vortex interactions increase foils’ lateral movements, but not their swimming speed or efficiency. Additionally, we examine vortex interactions in both “schooling" and “fission" scenarios (which are determined by DC). The research provides useful insights into fish behavior and valuable information for designing bio-inspired underwater robots.

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Funding

We acknowledge funding support from the Max Planck Society, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC 2117-422037984, and the Sino-German Centre in Beijing for generous funding of the Sino-German mobility grant M-0541 (L.L.). A.P.S.B acknowledges support from the United States National Science Foundation awards OAC 1931368 and CBET CAREER 2234387.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78464, Constance, Germany

    Li-Ming Chao & Liang Li

  2. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany

    Li-Ming Chao & Liang Li

  3. Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany

    Li-Ming Chao & Liang Li

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA

    Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla

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  1. Li-Ming Chao
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Correspondence to Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla or Liang Li.

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Chao, LM., Bhalla, A.P.S. & Li, L. Vortex interactions of two burst-and-coast swimmers in a side-by-side arrangement. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 37, 505–517 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-023-00664-z

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