Anatomy of LHC Collisions - And Future Challenges

I will give an overview of our current picture of the physical mechanisms that are at play in LHC collisions, and review the current state of the art of detailed numerical models of these processes. I will explain why I believe we are on the cusp of at least two exciting revolutions, and outline some of the main challenges in realising them. I will include a few measurement highlights from the Large Hadron Collider, showcasing both successes and some (interesting) failures.