Papers by gavin sandercock
Public Health Nutrition, Oct 13, 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Pediatrics International, Oct 15, 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Objectives(1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and ado... more Objectives(1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6–18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries.MethodsThis study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test–retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Per...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Pediatric Exercise Science, 2021
Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a supervised in-school combined resistance and aerobic trainin... more Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a supervised in-school combined resistance and aerobic training program in adolescent girls and investigate whether responses differ according to birthweight. Methods: Participants (girls aged 13–17 y) were randomized either to an intervention replacing physical education (PE) classes with 2 × 60-minute training sessions per week (n = 58) or to a control group that continued to attend 2 × 60 minutes per week of curriculum PE (n = 41). We measured muscular fitness (handgrip, standing long jump, and sit-ups), cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run), skinfolds, and lean body mass preintervention and postintervention and determined effect size (Hedge’s g) differences between changes in these measures. We also compared changes within lower (<3000 g) and normal birthweight intervention and PE control subgroups. Results: The intervention group showed greater improvements in all the fitness measures and lean body mass (g = 0.22–0.48) and lower skin...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
PLOS ONE, 2021
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body com... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body composition, of replacing the physical education (PE) class of Colombian adolescents with resistance or aerobic training. 120 tanner stage 3 adolescents attending a state school were randomized to resistance training, aerobic training, or a control group who continued to attend a weekly 2- hour PE class for 16 weeks. The resistance training and aerobic training groups participated in twice weekly supervised after-school exercise sessions of < 1 hour instead of their PE class. Sum of skinfolds, lean body mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscular strength (6 repetition maximum (RM)) bench press, lateral pulldown and leg press) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (multistage 20 meter shuttle run) were assessed at pre and post intervention. Complete data were available for n = 40 of the resistance training group, n = 40 of the aerobic training group and n = 30 PE (controls). Resi...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
American Journal of Human Biology, 2018
ObjectivesIn low‐ to middle‐income countries, children from less‐deprived areas (from families of... more ObjectivesIn low‐ to middle‐income countries, children from less‐deprived areas (from families of higher socio‐economic status [SES]) have superior muscular fitness than those from low‐SES groups. They are also taller and heavier, factors associated with muscular fitness. The purpose of this study was to identify any socio‐demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness and examine how these conclusions can be modified by scaling for differences in body size.MethodsA total of 38,098 youths (46% girls), ninth grade students (aged 14–15 years), participated in a study of cross‐sectional design. We recorded SES and family incomes, stature, and mass. Standing broad jump and handgrip strength were used to assess muscular fitness. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body‐size differences.ResultsChildren from the mid‐ to high‐SES groups jumped significantly higher than children from the lowest SES group, although no SES group difference in grip ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently associated with health and academic ... more Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently associated with health and academic attainment in childhood and adolescence. Yet overweight/obesity remain the focus in public health policy. Surveillance of BMI and CRF considering school deprivation levels is limited. Therefore, we examined this in English Primary Schools. Methods: Participants (n=409) were students (9-10 years), from 13 schools. BMI and CRF (20 m shuttle-run) were measured at three time-points across the academic year and a fourth after summer recess. Results: BMI z-scores significantly decreased (p = 0.015) from autumn (z = 0.336 [CI 0.212 to 0.460]) to spring (z = 0.252 [CI 0.132 to 0.371]), and then significantly increased (p = 0.010) to summer (z = 0.327 [CI 0.207 to 0.447]). CRF significantly increased (p < 0.001) from autumn (z = 0.091 [CI -0.014 to 0.196]) to spring (z = 0.492 [CI 0.367 to 0.616]), no change (p = 0.308) into summer (z = 0.411 [CI 0.294 to 0.528]), and a significant decrease (p...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of science and medicine in sport, Jan 31, 2018
To identify temporal trends in muscular fitness of English children using allometric scaling for ... more To identify temporal trends in muscular fitness of English children using allometric scaling for height and weight to adjust for the influence of body size. Repeated cross-sectional study. We measured; height, weight, standing broad-jump, handgrip, sit-ups and bent-arm hang in 10-year-old boys and girls from Chelmsford, England in: 2014 (n=306), 2008 (n=304) and 1998 (n=310). Physical activity was (PAQ-C) was assessed in 2008 and 2014. Muscular fitness was allometrically scaled for height and weight. We assessed temporal trends using General Linear Models (fixed factors: wave and sex) and reported effect sizes using partial eta squared (η). We compared percentage change per year 1998-2008 with 2008-2014. Ten-year-olds in 2014 were taller and heavier than in 2008 and 1998 but there were no differences in BMI. Compared with 2008, physical activity was lower in boys (η=0.012) and girls (η=0.27) assessed in 2014. There were significant main effects of wave for handgrip (η=0.060), sit-up...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Pediatric Exercise Science, 2009
The aim of this study was to determine if maximal effort, evidenced by peak HR was attained durin... more The aim of this study was to determine if maximal effort, evidenced by peak HR was attained during the 20m shuttle-run test in a naturalistic setting. Shuttle-run test performance and peak HR were measured in 208 volunteers (11–16 years). Peak HR was 196 (95% confidence interval (C.I.) 194–198 bpm). The relationship between test performance and peak HR was assessed by regression. There was a weak, but statistically significant relationship between test performance and peak HR (R2 = .029, p = .029) but with such a low coefficient of determination (less than 5% criterion), poor performances were not associated with low peak HR values or underestimation of maximal performance. Peak HR values (196 bpm) were higher than cited criterion values (185 bpm) for maximal effort in laboratory studies. In a naturalistic setting, the 20m shuttle-run test elicits a maximal effort in most children.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Health Promotion International, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
BMJ Open, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The Journal of pediatrics, 2017
To determine the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness in a sample... more To determine the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness in a sample of Colombian youth. Prueba SER is cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia. Mass, stature, muscular fitness (standing long-jump, handgrip), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run) were measured in 52 187 schoolchildren 14-16 years of age. Area-level SES was categorized from 1 (very low) to 4 (high) and parent-reported family income was categorized as low, middle, or high. Converting measures into z scores showed stature, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly (z = 0.3-0.7) below European values. Children in the mid- and high SES groups jumped significantly further than groups with very low SES. Differences were independent of sex but became nonsignificant when adjusted for anthropometric differences. Participants in the mid-SES and high-SES groups had better handgrip scores when adjusted for body dimension. There were, however, no signifi...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Preventive Medicine Reports, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), Jan 26, 2016
Previous research has reported the validity and reliability of a range of field-based tests of ch... more Previous research has reported the validity and reliability of a range of field-based tests of children's cardiorespiratory fitness. These two criteria are critical in ensuring the integrity and credibility of data derived through such tests. However, the criterion of scalability has received little attention. Scalability determines the degree to which tests developed on small samples in controlled settings might demonstrate real-world value, and is of increasing interest to policymakers and practitioners. The present paper proposes a method by which the scalability of cardiorespiratory field-based tests suitable for school-aged children might be assessed. We developed an algorithm to estimate scalability based on a six-component model; delivery, evidence of operating at scale, effectiveness, costs, resource requirements and practical implementation. We tested the algorithm on data derived through a systematic review of research that has used relevant fitness tests. A total of 2...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Preventive medicine, 2014
To determine whether active school travel is associated with muscular fitness, which is an emergi... more To determine whether active school travel is associated with muscular fitness, which is an emerging marker of youth health. Handgrip strength, vertical jump and vertical jump peak power were measured in n=6829 English schoolchildren (53% males, age 12.9 ± 1.2 years) between 2007 and 2011. Participants were grouped according to self-reported habitual school travel modality. Cyclists had greater handgrip strength than passive travelers. Vertical jump height was greater in walkers and cyclists compared with passive travelers. Jump peak power was also higher in walkers than in the passive travel group. Compared with passive travelers, cyclists had a higher (age, sex and BMI-adjusted) likelihood of good handgrip strength (OR 1.42, 95%CI;1.14-1.76) and walkers were more likely to have good measures for vertical jump peak power (OR 1.14, 95%CI;1.00-1.29). Cyclists' likelihood of having good handgrip strength remained significantly higher when adjusted for physical activity (OR 1.29, 95...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
PLoS ONE, 2013
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by gavin sandercock