Objectives High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness... more Objectives High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness absence among home care workers, but no studies have assessed their physical work demands using precise device-based measurements. Hence, the objective of this observational study was to assess physical work demands in home care, using wearable sensors. Methods From six home care units in a large municipality in Norway, 114 of 195 eligible home care workers filled in a questionnaire, a diary about work hours, and wore five accelerometers, and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. Results On average, the homecare workers spent 50% of the working hours sitting, 25.2% standing, 11.4% moving, 8.3% walking fast, 1.9% walking slow, 1.2% stair-climbing, 0.3% cycling, and 0.05% running. We found the following exposures to demanding postures: arm-elevation in an upright body position ≥30° was 36.7%, ≥60° was 4.1%, and ≥90°was 0.5%; forward trunk inclination in an upright body p...
Team leaders for high risk workers must continuously assess the risk for health damage for their ... more Team leaders for high risk workers must continuously assess the risk for health damage for their team members. Access to real time physiological information is desirable since it can help in the assessment of workers well-being, and ultimately alert when a worker should be withdrawn from their assignment. Heat stress occurs when humidity, air temperature, radiant heat and too little air movement, combined with heavy work and clothing, raise the body temperature beyond safe limits. In effect, heat stress reduces the person’s physical reactivity and ability to reason clearly. A new sensor fusion algorithm, the Physical and Activity Strain Index (PASI) has been developed to improve decision support for workers exposed to heat stress. Fire-fighters (smoke divers) has been used as test case. PASI combines the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) with accelerometer data.The Physical Strain Index developed by Moran [1] is a well accepted index used for monitoring humans working with heat stress. The input parameters are heart rate and core temperature.PASI consists of two parts, the PSI and an Activity Index (AI).&nbsp; As for PSI the output of the algorithm will be a number between 0-10 (for 36.5oC <= CT <= 39.5oC and 60bpm <= HR <= 180bpm). PASI = PSI + AI, where AIMAX = 10-PSI. PASI combines the PSI and the AI, so that when the PSI increases, the toleration for the AI will decrease and vice versa. The first lab testing indicates that it is possible to distinguish several high and low risk situations with data from accelerometers. Therefore, PASI can contribute to an improved risk assessment and decision support for fire fighters in action compared to using PSI alone. This can be used for early detection of health risks for workers in high strain situations and for more effective use of personnel resources.Development of a new sensor fusion algorithm to improve decision support for subjects exposed to heat stres
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implement... more Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implementing a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in cross-country (XC) skiing. Methods: Following a simulated 10-km skating time trial (Race1) on snow, 26 national-level male XC skiers were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), before repeating the race (Race2) 2 days later. Between races, intervention received video- and sensor-based feedback through a theoretical lecture and a practical training session aiming to implement a terrain-specific micropacing strategy focusing on active power production over designated hilltops to save time in the subsequent downhill. The control group only received their overall results and performed a training session with matched training load. Results: From Race1 to Race2, the intervention group increased the total variation of chest acceleration on all hilltops (P < .001) and reduced time compared with the control gro...
IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2014
ABSTRACT This paper reports on the development and testing of a wearable device intended as a com... more ABSTRACT This paper reports on the development and testing of a wearable device intended as a component in an ambulatory system for health monitoring of physical rehabilitation patients. The device measures heart rate, skin temperature, activity level and posture on the user’s chest. The wearable device has been run through a set of verification tests and the accuracy has been validated in controlled environment on 12 healthy volunteers. A long term user pilot with 5 congestive heart failure patients and their nurses was performed to test the whole system. The conclusion from the performed tests is that the developed wearable multisensor monitoring device is reliable, accurate, easy to use and fit for the purpose.
2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013
The pressure on the healthcare services is building up for several reasons. The ageing population... more The pressure on the healthcare services is building up for several reasons. The ageing population trend, the increase in life-style related disease prevalence, as well as the increased treatment capabilities with associated general expectation all add pressure. The use of ambient healthcare technologies can alleviate the situation by enabling time and cost-efficient monitoring and follow-up of patients discharged from hospital care. We report on an ambulatory system developed for monitoring of physical rehabilitation patients. The system consists of a wearable multisensor monitoring device; a mobile phone with client application aggregating the data collected; a service-oriented-architecture based server solution; and a PC application facilitating patient follow-up by their health professional carers. The system has been tested and verified for accuracy in controlled environment trials on healthy volunteers, and also been usability tested by 5 congestive heart failure patients and their nurses. This investigation indicated that patients were able to use the system, and that nurses got an improved basis for patient follow-up.
The aim of this work was to determine whether wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) could de... more The aim of this work was to determine whether wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) could detect gait improvements across different disability groups of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) during a rehabilitation stay in a specialized rehabilitation center. Forty-six pwMS and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. They performed the 6MWT with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the feet. Thirty-two of the pwMS were retested at the end of the stay. PwMS were divided in a mild-disability and a moderate-disability group. The 6MWT was divided in six sections of 1 min each for technical analysis, and linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. The comparison between the two disability groups and HC highlighted significant differences for each gait parameter (all p < 0.001). The crossing effect between the test–retest and the two disability groups showed greater improvement for the moderate-disability group...
Several professions in industries such as petroleum, manufacturing, construction, mining, and for... more Several professions in industries such as petroleum, manufacturing, construction, mining, and forestry require prolonged work tasks in awkward postures, increasing workers' risks for musculoskeletal pain and injury. Therefore, we developed and validated a rule-based model for classifying unilateral and bilateral kneeling and squatting based on 15 individuals wearing personal protective equipment and using three wireless triaxial accelerometers. The model provided both high sensitivity and specificity for classifying kneeling (0.98; 0.98) and squatting (0.96; 0.91). Hence, this model has the potential to contribute to increased knowledge of physical work demands and exposure thresholds in working populations with strict occupational safety regulations.
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 2013
The physiological and activity strain index (PASI) has been developed to improve the online decis... more The physiological and activity strain index (PASI) has been developed to improve the online decision support for workers exposed to heat stress. Fire fighters (smoke divers) which are exposed to both heat-stress and high-risk situations have been used as test case. PASI combines a modified version of the relatively well-known physiological strain index (PSI) with activity data from accelerometers. The algorithm has been developed based on tests in a laboratory, and it has been verified in two field tests performed by smoke divers exposed to heat stress. The verification demonstrates that it is possible to distinguish between high- and low-risk situations when data from accelerometers are added to the situation analysis. This indicates that PASI can contribute to an improved risk assessment and online decision support for smoke divers compared to using PSI alone.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2014
Sensor-based monitoring of congestive heart-failure (CHF) patients living at home can improve qua... more Sensor-based monitoring of congestive heart-failure (CHF) patients living at home can improve quality of care, detect exacerbations of disease at an earlier stage and motivate the patient for better self care. This paper reports on a usability study of the ESUMS system that provides continuous measurements of heart rate, activity, upper body posture and skin temperature via a sensor belt and a smartphone as patient terminal. Five CHF patients were included in the trial, all recently discharged from hospital. The nurses experienced continuous heart rate, activity and posture monitoring as useful and objective tools that helped them in their daily assessment of patient health. They also saw the system as an important educational tool to help patients gain insight into their own condition. Three patients liked that they could have a view of their own physiological and activity data, however the smartphones used in the study turned out to be too complicated for the patients to operate. ...
In cross-country ski skating, both the G2 and G4 sub-techniques involve one pole push for every s... more In cross-country ski skating, both the G2 and G4 sub-techniques involve one pole push for every second ski push but are used at largely different speed-slope ranges. The aim of this study was to compare temporal and kinematic patterns between G2 and G4 at both identical and different speed-slope conditions. A mixed model was used to analyse spatio-temporal parameters, while a combination of dynamic time warping and statistical parametric mapping was used to compare time traces. Main spatio-temporal parameters, such as cycle time, ski contact time and swing time, differed between G2 and G4 (all p < 0.01). Moreover, two forward and more pronounced acceleration phases of the centre of mass (CoM) were visible in G4 while only one acceleration phase was present in G2. The more continuous propulsion in G2 allows for maintaining a more constant speed at steep slopes and low speeds where this sub-technique is preferred. In contrast, the achievement of high speeds while skiing on flatter ...
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with sever... more Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 seconds. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three participants (during car ride...
Vibration exposure is a serious risk within work physiology for several work groups. Combined wit... more Vibration exposure is a serious risk within work physiology for several work groups. Combined with cold artic climate, the risk for permanent harm is even higher. Equipment that can monitor the vibration exposure and warn the user when at risk will provide a safer work environment for these work groups. This study evaluates whether data from a wearable wireless multi-parameter sensor module can be used to estimate vibration exposure and exposure time. This work has been focused on the characterization of the response from the accelerometer in the sensor module and the optimal location of the module in the hand-arm configuration.
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with sever... more Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This real-world proof of concept study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 s. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three partici...
The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a sim... more The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing mass-start competition while roller-ski skating on a treadmill; 2) to investigate the relationship between the recovery of the anaerobic energy reserves and performance; and 3) to compare the gross efficiency (GE) method and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) to determine the anaerobic contribution. Twelve male XC skiers performed two testing days while roller skiing on a treadmill. To collect submaximal data necessary for the GE and MAOD method, participants performed a resting metabolism measurement, followed by low-intensity warm up, 12 submaximal 4-min bouts, performed using three different skating sub-techniques (G2 on a 12% incline, G3 on 5% and G4 on 2%) on three submaximal intensities on day 1. On day 2, participants performed a 21-min simulated mass-start competition on varying terrain to determine the anaerobic energy contribution. The sp...
... TM Seeberg, † LAA Pettersson, ‡ O. Inganäs, ‡ R. Feidenhans&amp;#x27;l, § and S. Ferrer ‖... more ... TM Seeberg, † LAA Pettersson, ‡ O. Inganäs, ‡ R. Feidenhans&amp;#x27;l, § and S. Ferrer ‖. ... M.; Andersson, MR; Pettersson, LAA; Inganäs, O. Macromolecules 2000 in press. (16) Aasmundtveit, KE; Samuelsen, EJ; Hoffmann, K.; Bakken, E.; Carlsen, PHJ Synth. Met.2000 in press. ...
Objectives High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness... more Objectives High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness absence among home care workers, but no studies have assessed their physical work demands using precise device-based measurements. Hence, the objective of this observational study was to assess physical work demands in home care, using wearable sensors. Methods From six home care units in a large municipality in Norway, 114 of 195 eligible home care workers filled in a questionnaire, a diary about work hours, and wore five accelerometers, and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. Results On average, the homecare workers spent 50% of the working hours sitting, 25.2% standing, 11.4% moving, 8.3% walking fast, 1.9% walking slow, 1.2% stair-climbing, 0.3% cycling, and 0.05% running. We found the following exposures to demanding postures: arm-elevation in an upright body position ≥30° was 36.7%, ≥60° was 4.1%, and ≥90°was 0.5%; forward trunk inclination in an upright body p...
Team leaders for high risk workers must continuously assess the risk for health damage for their ... more Team leaders for high risk workers must continuously assess the risk for health damage for their team members. Access to real time physiological information is desirable since it can help in the assessment of workers well-being, and ultimately alert when a worker should be withdrawn from their assignment. Heat stress occurs when humidity, air temperature, radiant heat and too little air movement, combined with heavy work and clothing, raise the body temperature beyond safe limits. In effect, heat stress reduces the person’s physical reactivity and ability to reason clearly. A new sensor fusion algorithm, the Physical and Activity Strain Index (PASI) has been developed to improve decision support for workers exposed to heat stress. Fire-fighters (smoke divers) has been used as test case. PASI combines the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) with accelerometer data.The Physical Strain Index developed by Moran [1] is a well accepted index used for monitoring humans working with heat stress. The input parameters are heart rate and core temperature.PASI consists of two parts, the PSI and an Activity Index (AI).&nbsp; As for PSI the output of the algorithm will be a number between 0-10 (for 36.5oC <= CT <= 39.5oC and 60bpm <= HR <= 180bpm). PASI = PSI + AI, where AIMAX = 10-PSI. PASI combines the PSI and the AI, so that when the PSI increases, the toleration for the AI will decrease and vice versa. The first lab testing indicates that it is possible to distinguish several high and low risk situations with data from accelerometers. Therefore, PASI can contribute to an improved risk assessment and decision support for fire fighters in action compared to using PSI alone. This can be used for early detection of health risks for workers in high strain situations and for more effective use of personnel resources.Development of a new sensor fusion algorithm to improve decision support for subjects exposed to heat stres
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implement... more Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implementing a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in cross-country (XC) skiing. Methods: Following a simulated 10-km skating time trial (Race1) on snow, 26 national-level male XC skiers were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), before repeating the race (Race2) 2 days later. Between races, intervention received video- and sensor-based feedback through a theoretical lecture and a practical training session aiming to implement a terrain-specific micropacing strategy focusing on active power production over designated hilltops to save time in the subsequent downhill. The control group only received their overall results and performed a training session with matched training load. Results: From Race1 to Race2, the intervention group increased the total variation of chest acceleration on all hilltops (P < .001) and reduced time compared with the control gro...
IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2014
ABSTRACT This paper reports on the development and testing of a wearable device intended as a com... more ABSTRACT This paper reports on the development and testing of a wearable device intended as a component in an ambulatory system for health monitoring of physical rehabilitation patients. The device measures heart rate, skin temperature, activity level and posture on the user’s chest. The wearable device has been run through a set of verification tests and the accuracy has been validated in controlled environment on 12 healthy volunteers. A long term user pilot with 5 congestive heart failure patients and their nurses was performed to test the whole system. The conclusion from the performed tests is that the developed wearable multisensor monitoring device is reliable, accurate, easy to use and fit for the purpose.
2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013
The pressure on the healthcare services is building up for several reasons. The ageing population... more The pressure on the healthcare services is building up for several reasons. The ageing population trend, the increase in life-style related disease prevalence, as well as the increased treatment capabilities with associated general expectation all add pressure. The use of ambient healthcare technologies can alleviate the situation by enabling time and cost-efficient monitoring and follow-up of patients discharged from hospital care. We report on an ambulatory system developed for monitoring of physical rehabilitation patients. The system consists of a wearable multisensor monitoring device; a mobile phone with client application aggregating the data collected; a service-oriented-architecture based server solution; and a PC application facilitating patient follow-up by their health professional carers. The system has been tested and verified for accuracy in controlled environment trials on healthy volunteers, and also been usability tested by 5 congestive heart failure patients and their nurses. This investigation indicated that patients were able to use the system, and that nurses got an improved basis for patient follow-up.
The aim of this work was to determine whether wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) could de... more The aim of this work was to determine whether wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) could detect gait improvements across different disability groups of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) during a rehabilitation stay in a specialized rehabilitation center. Forty-six pwMS and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. They performed the 6MWT with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the feet. Thirty-two of the pwMS were retested at the end of the stay. PwMS were divided in a mild-disability and a moderate-disability group. The 6MWT was divided in six sections of 1 min each for technical analysis, and linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. The comparison between the two disability groups and HC highlighted significant differences for each gait parameter (all p < 0.001). The crossing effect between the test–retest and the two disability groups showed greater improvement for the moderate-disability group...
Several professions in industries such as petroleum, manufacturing, construction, mining, and for... more Several professions in industries such as petroleum, manufacturing, construction, mining, and forestry require prolonged work tasks in awkward postures, increasing workers' risks for musculoskeletal pain and injury. Therefore, we developed and validated a rule-based model for classifying unilateral and bilateral kneeling and squatting based on 15 individuals wearing personal protective equipment and using three wireless triaxial accelerometers. The model provided both high sensitivity and specificity for classifying kneeling (0.98; 0.98) and squatting (0.96; 0.91). Hence, this model has the potential to contribute to increased knowledge of physical work demands and exposure thresholds in working populations with strict occupational safety regulations.
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 2013
The physiological and activity strain index (PASI) has been developed to improve the online decis... more The physiological and activity strain index (PASI) has been developed to improve the online decision support for workers exposed to heat stress. Fire fighters (smoke divers) which are exposed to both heat-stress and high-risk situations have been used as test case. PASI combines a modified version of the relatively well-known physiological strain index (PSI) with activity data from accelerometers. The algorithm has been developed based on tests in a laboratory, and it has been verified in two field tests performed by smoke divers exposed to heat stress. The verification demonstrates that it is possible to distinguish between high- and low-risk situations when data from accelerometers are added to the situation analysis. This indicates that PASI can contribute to an improved risk assessment and online decision support for smoke divers compared to using PSI alone.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2014
Sensor-based monitoring of congestive heart-failure (CHF) patients living at home can improve qua... more Sensor-based monitoring of congestive heart-failure (CHF) patients living at home can improve quality of care, detect exacerbations of disease at an earlier stage and motivate the patient for better self care. This paper reports on a usability study of the ESUMS system that provides continuous measurements of heart rate, activity, upper body posture and skin temperature via a sensor belt and a smartphone as patient terminal. Five CHF patients were included in the trial, all recently discharged from hospital. The nurses experienced continuous heart rate, activity and posture monitoring as useful and objective tools that helped them in their daily assessment of patient health. They also saw the system as an important educational tool to help patients gain insight into their own condition. Three patients liked that they could have a view of their own physiological and activity data, however the smartphones used in the study turned out to be too complicated for the patients to operate. ...
In cross-country ski skating, both the G2 and G4 sub-techniques involve one pole push for every s... more In cross-country ski skating, both the G2 and G4 sub-techniques involve one pole push for every second ski push but are used at largely different speed-slope ranges. The aim of this study was to compare temporal and kinematic patterns between G2 and G4 at both identical and different speed-slope conditions. A mixed model was used to analyse spatio-temporal parameters, while a combination of dynamic time warping and statistical parametric mapping was used to compare time traces. Main spatio-temporal parameters, such as cycle time, ski contact time and swing time, differed between G2 and G4 (all p < 0.01). Moreover, two forward and more pronounced acceleration phases of the centre of mass (CoM) were visible in G4 while only one acceleration phase was present in G2. The more continuous propulsion in G2 allows for maintaining a more constant speed at steep slopes and low speeds where this sub-technique is preferred. In contrast, the achievement of high speeds while skiing on flatter ...
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with sever... more Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 seconds. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three participants (during car ride...
Vibration exposure is a serious risk within work physiology for several work groups. Combined wit... more Vibration exposure is a serious risk within work physiology for several work groups. Combined with cold artic climate, the risk for permanent harm is even higher. Equipment that can monitor the vibration exposure and warn the user when at risk will provide a safer work environment for these work groups. This study evaluates whether data from a wearable wireless multi-parameter sensor module can be used to estimate vibration exposure and exposure time. This work has been focused on the characterization of the response from the accelerometer in the sensor module and the optimal location of the module in the hand-arm configuration.
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with sever... more Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This real-world proof of concept study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 s. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three partici...
The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a sim... more The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing mass-start competition while roller-ski skating on a treadmill; 2) to investigate the relationship between the recovery of the anaerobic energy reserves and performance; and 3) to compare the gross efficiency (GE) method and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) to determine the anaerobic contribution. Twelve male XC skiers performed two testing days while roller skiing on a treadmill. To collect submaximal data necessary for the GE and MAOD method, participants performed a resting metabolism measurement, followed by low-intensity warm up, 12 submaximal 4-min bouts, performed using three different skating sub-techniques (G2 on a 12% incline, G3 on 5% and G4 on 2%) on three submaximal intensities on day 1. On day 2, participants performed a 21-min simulated mass-start competition on varying terrain to determine the anaerobic energy contribution. The sp...
... TM Seeberg, † LAA Pettersson, ‡ O. Inganäs, ‡ R. Feidenhans&amp;#x27;l, § and S. Ferrer ‖... more ... TM Seeberg, † LAA Pettersson, ‡ O. Inganäs, ‡ R. Feidenhans&amp;#x27;l, § and S. Ferrer ‖. ... M.; Andersson, MR; Pettersson, LAA; Inganäs, O. Macromolecules 2000 in press. (16) Aasmundtveit, KE; Samuelsen, EJ; Hoffmann, K.; Bakken, E.; Carlsen, PHJ Synth. Met.2000 in press. ...
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Papers by Trine Seeberg