Papers by Tracee Washington
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This study examined indicators of psychological adjustment and overall development of children wh... more This study examined indicators of psychological adjustment and overall development of children who had been maltreated and placed in foster care. Contextual indicators were also considered, such as the current caregivers' parenting styles, the marital relationship, family support, the neighborhood environment, and maternal education level. A unique aspect of this study was that all of the children in this sample were maltreated and removed from their initial caregivers by eighteen months of age, which provided the opportunity to explore the results of maltreatment and separation in infancy. The LONGSCAN consortium collected the data; the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN) distributed the dataset. Three hundred and twenty-seven children and their primary caregivers at four years of age participated in the study. Approximately one-third of the children (34.3%) had been reunited with their biological parents at the time of the data collection; the remaining children were living with either kin (17.7%) or non-kin (23.9%) foster parents or had been adopted by kin (6.1%) or non-kin (15.6%). The child outcome measures were the CBCL Total Problem Score (psychological adjustment) and the Battelle Total Score (overall developmental level). Maltreatment information (type of maltreatment, as well as duration, frequency, and severity of maltreatment) was obtained from court records. Family factors and individual child characteristics were included in structural equation models to determine their impact on child outcome. Preliminary analyses indicated that maltreatment variables as measured and type of placement were not significantly related to child outcome. Family support and aspects of the marital relationship, as well as the child's cognitive ability, directly impacted child outcome. Parenting styles neither significantly impacted psychological adjustment nor mediated the influence of family factors on child outcome. Family factors also significantly influenced child outcome. Limitations included the lack of a comparison group and availability of little information about the participants' early history besides maltreatment information. Implications included the importance of education for kin and non-kin foster parents. In addition, early intervention to end maltreatment may be effective in improving child outcome, despite early attachment disruptions.Ph.D.Clinical psychologyIndividual and family studiesPsychologySocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/124333/2/3137960.pd
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Journal of Adult Development, 2001
The present study fills a crucial gap in literature surrounding the lives of African American men... more The present study fills a crucial gap in literature surrounding the lives of African American men by exploring factors that shape the quality of these men's friendships. Drawing on data from a sample of 171 African American men, the study examines the relative utility of subjective religiosity, subjective spirituality, advice exchange, and affective sharing as predictors of the level of
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Child Maltreatment, 2006
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Papers by Tracee Washington