Alexander T H E L I B R A R Y C A T (New Alexandria library of Texas)
I am Embarking on a profound exploration of ancient texts, my research journey navigates from the canonical 66 books to the captivating realms of Pseudepigrapha, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Cuneiform texts. Rooted in Texas, my passion for the Word of God extends beyond familiar scriptures, weaving a narrative that encompasses rare and known histories across the ancient Near East and Mediterranean civilizations. Delving into the depths of rare texts, my quest for knowledge is driven by a fervent love for uncovering the mysteries that bridge the past to the present. Join me in this odyssey of discovery, where the ancient echoes of history and wisdom resound. Feel free to reach out for insights into these captivating realms of rare and known ancient texts.
Some quick Research Approaches I live and breathe is My exploration that involves meticulous searches within biblical, Dead Sea Scrolls, Greek, Zoroastrian, and Ancient Near Eastern texts, but not limited to Egyptian Hieroglyphics to the Greco-Roman world initiation rituals and cults while not forgetting secret societies of pagan temples extracting insights from over a 10s of thousands of sources maybe even way more waiting to be dug up out of the sand , mud and along Un explored mountain sides and caves just waiting to be discovered!
A couple quick but complex ideas of this knowledge of old is to Bridge the Biblical World with Ancient Mesopotamia such a the Genesis and Enuma Elish story's.
These texts of old explore the parallels and divergences between the Genesis creation narrative and the Babylonian Enuma Elish. One can Dive into the theological implications of these accounts, highlighting the distinct perspectives on the origins of the universe !
Now on pantheons and Divine Entities you have the Sumerian Pantheon which
uncover deities like Anu, Enlil, and Enki. Compare and contrast their roles and attributes with those of biblical figures, shedding light on cultural and religious differences is a key to answering the questions of the past inside these Cuneiform texts that will catapult your ancient studys of today! On these subjects one can journey through the mythological tapestry of Babylonian and Assyrian cultures, examining deities for example such as Marduk and Ishtar can now learn and discover how these divine entities interacted with the human realm and again drawing these connections to biblical narratives and scriptures themselves.
On Mythical Motifs and and Symbolism such as the Flood of Genesis in scripture you can Compare the flood narrative with the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh and the Atrahasis Epic. In these texts just mentioned above I Explore shared motifs, such as divine displeasure and the construction of arks, while noting cultural nuances. Another example of this is the
Tower of Babel in light of Mesopotamian influences. Consider the mythological implications of humanity's aspirations and divine interventions across these narratives by examining the potential cultural exchanges and adaptations between the biblical and Mesopotamian traditions. Explore how myths, cosmologies, and divine hierarchies may have influenced each other over time.
Historical Context:
Sociopolitical Dynamics:
Contextualize these mythological narratives within the broader sociopolitical dynamics of ancient knowledge and the biblical world. I Consider how myths reflected and influenced societal structures, power dynamics, and religious practices.
By exploring the interplay between the biblical world and the rich history of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria, we uncover a tapestry of shared themes, contrasting perspectives, and the fascinating evolution of religious thought across ancient civilizations. Feel free to inquire further for detailed analyses or specific aspects of this comparative exploration.
This journey not only connects me with the ancient past but also serves as a bridge for those seeking to unravel the mysteries of ancient wisdom. Feel free to message me for book titles or insights into this captivating world of ancient texts and lore
Personal Connection:
Rooted in the worship of Yeshua and Father God (Yahweh), my research journey intertwines scholarly pursuits with spiritual devotion.
I am also Offering Assistance in many ways so please Reach out to me for assistance in finding rare titles and obscure research materials. I am dedicated to sharing the wealth of knowledge accumulated through constant reading and research into exhaustive sources of new and old .
If one would take a step back and ask what this mission summed up looks like I could say this journey not only connects me with the ancient past but also serves as a bridge for those seeking to unravel the mysteries of ancient wisdom. Again feel free to message me for book titles or insights into this captivating world of ancient texts and lore.
Message me for a quick response!
( not finished check back for fuller bio and mission of mine on Academia!)
Supervisors: Yahweh , Yeshua, and Holy Spirit of Truth
Some quick Research Approaches I live and breathe is My exploration that involves meticulous searches within biblical, Dead Sea Scrolls, Greek, Zoroastrian, and Ancient Near Eastern texts, but not limited to Egyptian Hieroglyphics to the Greco-Roman world initiation rituals and cults while not forgetting secret societies of pagan temples extracting insights from over a 10s of thousands of sources maybe even way more waiting to be dug up out of the sand , mud and along Un explored mountain sides and caves just waiting to be discovered!
A couple quick but complex ideas of this knowledge of old is to Bridge the Biblical World with Ancient Mesopotamia such a the Genesis and Enuma Elish story's.
These texts of old explore the parallels and divergences between the Genesis creation narrative and the Babylonian Enuma Elish. One can Dive into the theological implications of these accounts, highlighting the distinct perspectives on the origins of the universe !
Now on pantheons and Divine Entities you have the Sumerian Pantheon which
uncover deities like Anu, Enlil, and Enki. Compare and contrast their roles and attributes with those of biblical figures, shedding light on cultural and religious differences is a key to answering the questions of the past inside these Cuneiform texts that will catapult your ancient studys of today! On these subjects one can journey through the mythological tapestry of Babylonian and Assyrian cultures, examining deities for example such as Marduk and Ishtar can now learn and discover how these divine entities interacted with the human realm and again drawing these connections to biblical narratives and scriptures themselves.
On Mythical Motifs and and Symbolism such as the Flood of Genesis in scripture you can Compare the flood narrative with the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh and the Atrahasis Epic. In these texts just mentioned above I Explore shared motifs, such as divine displeasure and the construction of arks, while noting cultural nuances. Another example of this is the
Tower of Babel in light of Mesopotamian influences. Consider the mythological implications of humanity's aspirations and divine interventions across these narratives by examining the potential cultural exchanges and adaptations between the biblical and Mesopotamian traditions. Explore how myths, cosmologies, and divine hierarchies may have influenced each other over time.
Historical Context:
Sociopolitical Dynamics:
Contextualize these mythological narratives within the broader sociopolitical dynamics of ancient knowledge and the biblical world. I Consider how myths reflected and influenced societal structures, power dynamics, and religious practices.
By exploring the interplay between the biblical world and the rich history of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria, we uncover a tapestry of shared themes, contrasting perspectives, and the fascinating evolution of religious thought across ancient civilizations. Feel free to inquire further for detailed analyses or specific aspects of this comparative exploration.
This journey not only connects me with the ancient past but also serves as a bridge for those seeking to unravel the mysteries of ancient wisdom. Feel free to message me for book titles or insights into this captivating world of ancient texts and lore
Personal Connection:
Rooted in the worship of Yeshua and Father God (Yahweh), my research journey intertwines scholarly pursuits with spiritual devotion.
I am also Offering Assistance in many ways so please Reach out to me for assistance in finding rare titles and obscure research materials. I am dedicated to sharing the wealth of knowledge accumulated through constant reading and research into exhaustive sources of new and old .
If one would take a step back and ask what this mission summed up looks like I could say this journey not only connects me with the ancient past but also serves as a bridge for those seeking to unravel the mysteries of ancient wisdom. Again feel free to message me for book titles or insights into this captivating world of ancient texts and lore.
Message me for a quick response!
( not finished check back for fuller bio and mission of mine on Academia!)
Supervisors: Yahweh , Yeshua, and Holy Spirit of Truth
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Books , Rare Writings by Alexander T H E L I B R A R Y C A T (New Alexandria library of Texas)
The book discusses several themes:
• Genealogy and Descent: Wilson traces the lineage of the British people, particularly the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic races, back to the tribes of Israel that were scattered after the Assyrian conquest. He highlights similarities in customs, language, and symbols between the ancient Israelites and the British people.
• Cultural Parallels: Wilson identifies various cultural practices and institutions in Britain that he claims have their roots in ancient Israel. He explores the influence of Mosaic law on British legal systems, religious festivals, and royal symbols, suggesting a direct link to Israelite tradition.
• Biblical Prophecy: Wilson argues that the rise and prominence of the British Empire fulfill specific Old Testament prophecies concerning the descendants of Israel. He interprets key biblical texts as pointing to Britain’s special place in divine history.
• Etymology and Linguistics: The book explores linguistic evidence, tracing the etymology of names and places in Britain to Hebrew origins. Wilson presents these as proof of an ancient Israelite presence in the British Isles.
The lectures combine theological reflection with historical investigation, aiming to prove that the modern British race is not only descended from the Israelites but also that its global role is part of God’s divine plan, as outlined in biblicalprophecy.
Our Israelitish Origin is a unique contribution to 19th-century thought, seeking to explain Britain’s national identity through the lens of biblical history
Table of Contents
Lecture I: The Vision of Abraham
• Introduction to the central theme of the Israelites and their origins in biblical prophecy.
Lecture II: The Relation of Abraham's Posterity to the Three Grand Races of Mankind
• Examining the connections between the descendants of Abraham and the major divisions of humanity.
Lecture III: The Land of Israel
• A study of the geographical and spiritual significance of Israel in relation to God's covenant.
Lecture IV: The Promises Made to the Fathers
• Discussion of the divine promises made to the patriarchs of Israel and their fulfillment.
Lecture V: The Training and Education of the Patriarchs
• An analysis of how the early leaders of Israel were shaped for their divine mission.
Lecture VI: The Training of Israel Under the Judges and Kings
• Exploration of Israel’s development during the periods of the Judges and Kings.
Lecture VII: Israel and Judah
• The division of the nation into Israel and Judah and the subsequent destinies of each.
Lecture VIII: The Certainty of the Recovery of Israel
• Prophecies and assurances regarding the return and restoration of Israel.
Lecture IX: The Escape of Israel
• Historical accounts of how the tribes of Israel were scattered and preserved.
Lecture X: The Early Connection of Britain with Eastern Lands
• Investigating the historical ties between Britain and the Eastern regions, including Israel.
Lecture XI: The Historical Connection of the Languages of Europe
• Tracing linguistic connections between European languages and ancient Hebrew.
Lecture XII: The Breaking Up of the Assyrian Empire
• The collapse of the Assyrian Empire and its impact on the Israelite tribes.
Lecture XIII: The Progress of Israel Westward
• An exploration of the westward migration of Israel's tribes, leading toward Europe.
Lecture XIV: "Set Thee Up Waymarks"
• The biblical instruction to set markers, interpreted as symbolic of Israel’s journey west.
Lecture XV: The State of Europe Subsequent to the Northern Signs of Rome
• The condition of Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire, and its connection to Israel.
Lecture XVI: Israel's Grave—The Saxon's Birthplace
• A discussion of the burial of Israel’s past and the rise of the Saxons, linking the two.
Lecture XVII: Social and Political Relations of the Anglo-Saxons
• An examination of the political structures and societal norms of the Anglo-Saxons in relation to Israel.
Lecture XVIII: Anglo-Saxon Arts
• The achievements and contributions of the Anglo-Saxons in various arts and how these reflect Israelite influence.
Lecture XIX: French Testimony as to the English Constitution and History
• French perspectives on the English system of governance and its historical roots.
Lecture XX: A Summary of the Evidence for Our Israelitish Origin
• A concise summary of the arguments and evidence supporting the theory of British-Israelism.
Lecture XXI: Providence and Prophecy
• How divine providence and biblical prophecy align with the idea of British-Israelism.
The Rediscovery of Our Israelitish Origin
A detailed exploration of how modern British people rediscovered their Israelite origins.
Index of Books, Authors, and Subjects
• A comprehensive index of sources referenced in the text.
Index of Scripture Texts
• A listing of biblical passages discussed in the book.
tags below :
Anglo-Saxon, Israel, migration, prophecy, history, ancient, civilization, biblical, Wilson, Mesopotamia, diaspora, culture, heritage, Jerusalem, Palestine, tribes, Dacia, Sarmatia, Scythia, Gaul, Germania, Mediterranean, Assyria, Europe, lost tribes, Gospel, Incense, mercy-seat, altar, shewbread, candlestick, laver, burnt offerings, Isaiah, Revelation, Genesis, historical migration, symbolism, iconography, manuscript, alchemy, demonology, sacred geography, wisdom, lore, ancient wisdom, biblical beasts, empires, kingdoms, legends, Christian history, Templars, Sumeria, Egypt, translation, sacred text, origins, anthropology, archaeology, relics, artifacts, myths, folklore, theories, identity, race, ethnicity, ancient maps, cartography, historiography, philosophy, metaphysics, spirituality, esotericism, Christian eschatology, literature, linguistics, genealogies, folklore studies, comparative mythology, Semitic studies, Indo-European, history of ideas, culture studies, ancient Near East, wisdom literature, scrolls, papyrus, translations, sacred spaces, shrines, pilgrimage, sacred landscapes, lost knowledge, hermeneutics, allegory, symbolism, archetypes, moral lessons, parables, prophets, seers, ancient civilizations, dynasties, oral traditions, written records, inscriptions, ancient languages, etymology, biblical geography, prophecy interpretation, early Christianity, Paul, apostles, saints, ancient conflicts, political history, societal structures, ancient trade routes, migration patterns, cultural diffusion, historical analysis, texts, discourse, sacred histories, ancient philosophies, narrative structures, legends of origin, cultural anthropology, historiographic metafiction, historical revisionism, Zionism, divine right, providence, Anglo-Israelism, racial theories, cultural identity, ethnocentrism, sacred narratives, religious studies, ancient societies, hidden history, ancient scripture, apocrypha, pseudepigrapha, legendary histories, numismatics, sacred rites, temples, ancient festivals, rituals, beliefs, folk customs, national identity, cultural memory, ancient archives, historical context, textual criticism, scholarly debate, cultural appropriation, cultural syncretism, historiography, narrative analysis, visual culture, religious iconography, ancient epics, oral history, contemporary relevance, ethnographic studies, biblical literacy, spiritual journeys, faith traditions, pilgrimage routes, hagiography, saints' lives, Christian dogma, theological interpretations, modern implications, cultural resilience, revival movements, prophetic literature, theosophy, scripture interpretation, intercultural dialogue, diaspora studies, exodus, exiles, transcultural connections, biblical prophecy, exegesis, historical geography, sacred texts, intertextuality, divine mission, spiritual heritage, holy lands, prophetic vision, mysticism, ancient symbolism, ethnography, historical narratives, sacred sites, ancient prophecy, oracles, prophecy fulfillment, cultural exchange, migration theory, academic discourse, sociocultural evolution, modern implications, identity politics, cultural artifacts, ancient belief systems, ideological constructs, faith and reason, cultural landscapes, historical geography, cross-cultural perspectives, biblical allusions, literary traditions, historical context, and truth.Interdisciplinary studies, mythic structure, genealogy, cross-referencing, ancient alliances, historical significance, legendary origins, sectarian movements, sacred texts, spiritual narratives, cultural heritage, prophetic lineage, societal change, folk tales, ancient warfare, historical documentation, textual analysis, religious factions, ancient traditions, cultural evolution, archaeological findings, esoteric knowledge, sacred history, historical theology, cultural resilience, historiographical methods, ancient wisdom traditions, migration theories, syncretism, ancient legal systems, social stratification, historical linguistics, divine intervention, ethnic identity, ancient sciences, cultural interactions, intellectual heritage, spiritual teachings, archaeological methodologies, historical patterns, ancient empires, cross-cultural influences, narrative traditions, faith systems, social history, textual preservation, intergenerational knowledge, pilgrimage practices, ideological movements, ancient manuscripts, cultural narratives, textual heritage, biblical studies, ancient cosmology, historical perspectives, belief systems, cultural dynamics, historical frameworks, cultural synthesis, scholarly inquiry, sacred texts, apocalyptic literature, sacred geography, theological frameworks, mythological figures, ancient sects, literary traditions, intercultural exchanges, prophetic traditions, ancient manuscripts, historic...
book presents a theological examination of the Christian doctrine of Heaven and its implications for believers. Drawing inspiration from John 14:2, where Jesus promises His disciples that “In my Father's house are many mansions,” Faber offers an in-depth exploration of what these mansions signify for the Christian understanding of the afterlife. His work is both a biblical exegesis and a philosophical discourse, aiming to clarify how different states of blessedness are granted to souls based on their earthly conduct and relationship with Christ.
The central thesis of the book revolves around the idea that Heaven is not a monolithic state but a diverse realm where each soul’s experience is unique, according to the life it has led on earth. Faber delves into the nature of divine justice and mercy, asserting that while salvation is available to all who sincerely seek it, the degree of spiritual reward differs among individuals. Each "mansion" in Heaven reflects the spiritual capacity and preparation of the individual, aligning with the idea that God’s grace is both just and merciful, providing both universal salvation and distinct rewards. Faber emphasizes that these distinctions in reward are not arbitrary but stem from a just God who recognizes the different paths and struggles that souls have undergone.
In his discourse, Faber carefully analyzes biblical references beyond the famous passage from John, examining Old Testament and New Testament prophecies that describe the nature of the afterlife. He connects the imagery of mansions with other scriptural references to eternal life, such as the Kingdom of God and the New Jerusalem, which represent the ultimate dwelling places of the faithful. By situating his argument within the broader theological framework of Christian eschatology, Faber shows how the promise of mansions in Heaven offers not just a future hope but also a moral and spiritual guide for living in the present.
Faber also explores the role of Christ in preparing these mansions, focusing on the theological significance of Jesus' role as mediator and redeemer. Christ’s sacrifice on the cross and His ascension are seen as acts that enable believers to attain these heavenly dwellings. Faber’s interpretation suggests that the process of entering these mansions is a personal one, reliant on an individual’s relationship with Christ. This offers a more intimate understanding of Heaven, where personal faith and moral conduct determine the eternal state of the soul.
Faber's text is not only a speculative theological treatise but also a practical guide for Christians seeking to live in light of eternal promises. He urges believers to consider their daily lives as preparation for eternity, where their spiritual growth, faithfulness, and love for God will ultimately determine the “mansion” they will inherit. In doing so, Faber balances the hope of eternal life with the responsibility of living a righteous life on earth, aiming to inspire a sense of purpose rooted in the Christian promise of Heaven.
TagsHeaven, afterlife, mansions, many mansions, divine justice, divine mercy, eternal life, salvation, Christian doctrine, Gospel of John, John 14:2, Christ's promise, heavenly reward, spiritual life, soul’s journey, eschatology, biblical exegesis, divine grace, God’s love, New Testament, Old Testament, New Jerusalem, heavenly abodes, redemption, mediator, savior, righteousness, faith, moral conduct, Christ’s sacrifice, cross, resurrection, ascension, Christian philosophy, theology, biblical analysis, biblical prophecy, scriptural interpretation, Kingdom of God, eternal rest, heaven’s rewards, celestial homes, spiritual preparedness, Christian salvation, eternal kingdom, Christ the Redeemer, paradise, spiritual mansions, divine order, heavenly realm, godly justice, Christ the Mediator, eternal promise, Christian hope, religious reward, sanctification, Christian life, godly conduct, Christ’s role, heavenly paradise, Christian teaching, Christian eschatology, doctrinal theology, heaven’s mystery, God’s mansion, the Father's house, degrees of glory, life beyond death, Christian afterlife, sacred dwelling, heaven and earth, eternal bliss, eternal peace, spiritual mansion, rewards in heaven, divine realms, spiritual journey, heaven’s mysteries, God’s kingdom, ascended Christ, eternal joy, heavenly justice, divine wisdom, faithfulness, holy abode, spiritual dwelling, promise of eternity, salvation through faith, righteousness rewarded, eternal home, godly mansion, eschatological themes, life eternal, divine providence, scriptural truths, sanctified life, the Father’s house, Heaven’s gates, heaven’s treasures, Christ the King, celestial rewards, religious teachings, Christ’s redemption, heavenly love, life everlasting, heaven’s truths, hope in God, Christian faith, eternal destiny, God’s mansion, eternal soul, spiritual journey, eternal kingdom, divine grace, spiritual destiny, path to Heaven, heaven’s beauty, glory of God, heaven’s mercy, Christian eternity, heaven’s realm, life with Christ, promise of life, heavenly rewards, eternal destiny, heaven’s light, God’s promise, divine fulfillment, spiritual salvation, God’s glory, faith and salvation, eternity with God, ascension of Christ, divine reward, God’s plan, salvation’s rewards, Jesus’s sacrifice, heavenly life, Father’s mansion, eternity with Christ, life with the Father, promise of Heaven, biblical heaven, Christian rewards, heaven’s blessings, spiritual peace, godly realm, life in heaven, rewards for the faithful, promise of salvation, divine love, salvation through Christ, eternal promise of Heaven, heaven’s mysteries, life after death, faithful living, hope of eternal life, the Christian hope, God’s will, faith in Christ, Heaven’s beauty, Heaven’s glory, sanctified soul, blessed life, heavenly journey, heavenly glory, eternal promises, life beyond the grave, Christ’s mission, divine promises, heavenly treasures, the Father’s Kingdom, heavenly light, heavenly vision, biblical promise, heaven’s wonders, Christian paradise, life with God, the Father’s love, heavenly places, eternal hope, heaven’s power, light of heaven, promise of peace, faithful living in Christ, God’s grace, spiritual life with Christ, life in God’s hands, divine order, hope of heaven, divine vision, Christian destiny, everlasting life, spiritual fulfillment, heaven’s plan, Christ’s preparation, life beyond death, heaven’s promise, heavenly home, Father’s mansion in Heaven.
Plumptre dives into controversial subjects like Christ’s descent into Hell, the nature of the "spirits in prison" referenced in 1 Peter 3:19, and the nuances of the afterlife found in both the Old and New Testaments. He engages with various theological perspectives, including Protestant and Roman Catholic views on salvation, hell, and eternal damnation, offering fresh interpretations of these themes.
What sets this book apart is Plumptre’s ability to synthesize historical traditions, scriptural foundations, and contemporary theological thought from his era, engaging readers with complex discussions on topics like conditional immortality and the "wider hope" for salvation. His treatment of prayers for the dead and the Athanasian Creed’s "damnatory clauses" provides a critical and thoughtful analysis of long-held beliefs. This book is an invitation to reflect deeply on the mercy of God, the role of divine justice, and the eternal fate of souls, making it a work of enduring theological significance.
- CONTENTS -
• The Old Testament in its Bearings on the Life After Death
• The Teaching of the New Testament as to the Life After Death
• The Descent into Hell
• I. Historical Tradition
• II. The Scriptural Foundation
• The Eschatology of the Early Church
• The Modern Anathemas of Romanists and Protestants
• The Salvation of the Heathen
• The History of the Wider Hope in English Theology
• Modern German Thought in its Relation to Eschatology
• Prayers for the Dead
• The Doctrine of Purgatory
• Conditional Immortality
• The Teaching of Bishop Butler as to the Life After Death
• Correspondence with a Roman Catholic Priest
• The Word "Eternal"
• The Damnatory Clauses of the Athanasian Creed
• The Activities of the Intermediate State
TAGS :
Spirits in prison, life after death, eschatology, Christian theology, divine justice, purgatory, Christ’s descent into hell, salvation of souls, prayers for the dead, spiritual redemption, eternal damnation, biblical interpretation, conditional immortality, the wider hope, intermediate state, theological debates, Roman Catholic views, Protestant eschatology, eternal life, judgment after death, the fate of the heathen, Old Testament on death, New Testament teachings, spiritual resurrection, damnatory clauses, the Athanasian Creed, historical eschatology, German theological thought, modern theology, universal salvation, Christ's preaching to spirits, redemptive suffering, purgatorial doctrine, divine mercy, moral theology, eternal punishment, spiritual imprisonment, scriptural foundations, redemption in the afterlife, unbaptized souls, mercy of God, Christ's descent, the harrowing of Hell, posthumous salvation, redemption of the damned, hope for the lost, the fate of sinners, compassionate theology, purgatory in Christian doctrine, prayers after death, resurrection theology, spiritual judgment, final judgment, universal reconciliation, God’s justice and mercy, hope for non-Christians, divine forgiveness, hellfire, spiritual purification, last rites, theological inquiry, the soul’s journey, eternal rest, resurrection of the dead, intermediate eschatology, soul’s immortality, theological explorations, salvation for all, eternal torment, ecclesiastical dogma, divine pardon, ancient theological views, contemporary theological thought, post-death existence, the great judgment, mercy in the afterlife, wider Christian hope, mercy beyond the grave, judgment day theology, spiritual awakening, the afterlife debate, mercy versus justice, salvation after the grave, spiritual endurance, second chances after death, heavenly hope, traditional eschatology, divine reconciliation, the lost and found, light beyond death, the pit of Sheol, theology of resurrection, eternity’s gates, spiritual transition, posthumous faith, early Christian views, salvation history, death and rebirth, afterlife interpretations, spiritual cleansing, repentance beyond the grave, forgiving the damned, Old Testament resurrection views, New Testament eschatology, universalist thought, the doctrine of posthumous repentance, reimagining Hell, spiritual ransoming, the victory over death, crossing spiritual realms, divine reckoning, Christ’s triumph over the dead, cosmic reconciliation, second death, spiritual justice, liberation of souls, mercy for the condemned, final awakening, spiritual prison release, ultimate redemption, the fires of purification, second judgment, scriptural interpretations of Hell, resurrection hope, spiritual rescue, forgotten souls, God's eternal plan, hidden mysteries of afterlife, transcendence of death, liminal state, exoneration of souls, eschatological hope, divine wrath or mercy, keys to death, Christ’s keys of death, spiritual renewal, Christian eschatological views, beyond the grave, ancient purgatorial beliefs, redemption's reach, bound souls, trapped spirits, freeing the lost, the world of shadows, theology of despair, freedom in Christ, spiritual exodus, bound and unbound, ancient views of Hell, spiritual imprisonment doctrine, Christ's triumphant descent, lost souls' redemption, reawakening after death, the realm of the forgotten, ultimate liberation, redemption after darkness, imprisoned spirits in theology, gates of eternity, celestial judgment, divine salvation plan, spiritual realms of Hell, harrowing depths, voices from the dead, final divine mercy, eschatological mystery, life beyond judgment, the long night of souls, ancient burial rites, the release from damnation, absolution beyond life, second chance theology, posthumous redemption, salvation's final act, the prison of despair, Christ’s final victory, souls unbound, Christ in the underworld, spiritual pilgrimage after death, the way out of Hell, God’s hidden plan, beyond earthly life, spiritual trials in death, judgment of the righteous and wicked, the soul’s ascension, eternity’s mysteries, the long road to heaven, spiritual despair and redemption, pathways to the afterlife, Christian thoughts on the imprisoned dead, the harrowing of Sheol, divine healing for souls, the afterlife’s mysteries, release from spiritual bondage, theological inquiry into Hell, gates of heaven and hell, mysterious salvation, Christian mysteries of death, the release of the damned, triumphant grace, the liberation of spirits, spiritual regeneration, Christian eschatology reimagined, the salvation of the heathen, the ultimate second chance, the spiritual crossing, the justice of mercy, the great pardon, the divine mystery of salvation, timeless spiritual journey, life eternal reconsidered, spiritual victory after death, merciful redemption after life, exploring posthumous salvation, ultimate divine mercy, and hope for all souls.
Drawing from theological, philosophical, and anecdotal sources, Jung-Stilling examines the interaction between the material and spiritual worlds, proposing that supernatural events, when correctly interpreted, can offer insight into divine providence. He delves into the moral and psychological aspects of these experiences, emphasizing the need for discernment to differentiate between true spiritual experiences and delusions or deceptions. In essence, Theory of Pneumatology is an attempt to provide believers and skeptics alike with a structured approach to understanding phenomena that are often dismissed or misinterpreted, encouraging a balanced view that honors both faith and
Spirits, angels, demons, apparitions, visions, miracles, presentiments, faith, reason, scripture, theology, supernatural, mysticism, eschatology, metaphysics, divine providence, spiritual experiences, biblical visions, prophecy, afterlife, Christian faith, spiritual realm, pneumatology, religious philosophy, divine intervention, spiritual beings, dreams, revelations, prophetic insight, sacred texts, miracles in Christianity, religious experiences, supernatural in scripture, metaphysical theology, spiritual discernment, rational theology, spiritual phenomenology, metaphysical analysis, theological reasoning, spiritual insight, historical apparitions, moral theology, angelic apparitions, demonology in scripture, Christian mysticism, spirit world, divine revelations, biblical apparitions, sacred visions, metaphysical speculation, eschatological visions, prophetic dreams, revelation in scripture, spiritual perception, religious psychology, discernment of spirits, divine knowledge, mystical knowledge, Christian doctrine, spiritual warfare, Christian supernaturalism, philosophical theology, spirit communication, divine providence in visions, divine inspiration, metaphysical realities, Christian worldview, theology of apparitions, scriptural mysticism, miraculous encounters, pneumatological studies, angelic encounters, supernatural experiences in history, religious visions and prophecy, scriptural analysis, angels in Christian tradition, theological metaphysics, theology of prophecy, Christian eschatology, supernatural insight, spiritual communication, metaphysical worldview, divine mysteries, divine inspiration in Christianity, supernatural beings, psychological theology, spiritual realism, divine providence, scriptural encounters with spirits, rational spirituality, religious phenomenology, divine knowledge and revelation, supernatural manifestations, Christian morality, Christian metaphysics, visions in history, spiritual knowledge, mystical encounters, theology of dreams, supernatural theology, divine dreams, biblical teachings on the supernatural, spiritual realism, theology of the soul, moral discernment, metaphysical beliefs, spirit encounters, prophetic spirituality, spirit visions, spiritual revelation, metaphysical studies, Christian pneumatology, philosophy of religion, rational pneumatology, pneumatology and scripture, divine visions in history, theological discernment, visions and dreams in Christianity, spiritual wisdom, metaphysical exploration, prophetic understanding, religious wisdom, visions of angels, metaphysical spirituality, scriptural encounters, supernatural occurrences, divine encounters, eschatological insight, prophetic visions, nature of the soul, spirit and matter, religious insight, spirit-world interactions, biblical metaphysics, mystical traditions, ancient wisdom, angelology, demonology in religion, philosophical metaphysics, metaphysical wisdom, spirit world interactions, Christian mysticism and reason, theology of spirits, religious esoterica, divine communications, philosophical pneumatology, Christian understanding of apparitions, spiritual ontology, ancient spiritual wisdom, Christian prophecy, rational faith, scriptural prophecy, supernatural studies, paranormal Christianity, eschatological wisdom, metaphysical mysteries, supernatural experiences and psychology, metaphysical encounters, divine messages, ancient religious visions, religious apparitions, theology and the paranormal, metaphysical knowledge, spiritual truths, paranormal theology, historical spiritualism, supernatural revelations, mystical realities, Christian spirituality, theological metaphysics, metaphysical wisdom, theological mysteries, ancient metaphysics, divine encounters in scripture, historical pneumatology, spiritual enlightenment, metaphysical wisdom traditions, Christian spiritual insight, eschatological encounters, supernatural phenomena, spiritual discernment in history, divine apparitions, divine revelations in history, metaphysical reality, divine providence in scripture, mystical insight, ancient esotericism, spirit messages, mystical traditions in Christianity, spirit-world manifestations, rational supernaturalism, Christian mysticism and metaphysics, mystical encounters in scripture, divine wisdom, religious encounters, mystical pneumatology, spiritual inspiration, historical theology of spirits, esoteric Christianity, divine perception, Christian mystical theology, metaphysical Christian insight, spiritual providence, ancient religious metaphysics, biblical divine revelations, metaphysical pneumatology, divine knowledge and reason, supernatural realities, theological spiritualism, angelic visions, spiritual apparitions, religious supernaturalism, metaphysical perceptions, religious metaphysics, divine perceptions, esoteric pneumatology, biblical angelology, theological esotericism, Christian esotericism, supernatural apparitions, metaphysical angelology, divine spiritual knowledge, mystical spiritualism, ancient spiritual encounters, esoteric spiritualism, religious esoteric wisdom, divine supernaturalism, theological revelations, ancient pneumatology, divine spiritual encounters, spiritual metaphysics, and esoteric mystical wisdom.
• 1 .Phoenician Cosmogonies (Page 50): This section examines the Phoenician creation myths, likely drawing from sources such as Sanchuniathon and Philo of Byblos, exploring their theological views and creation stories.
• 2. Sketch of the Ancient Cosmotheologies of the World (Page 56): Shaw provides a brief overview of the cosmogonies from different ancient cultures, summarizing their theological perspectives on the origins of the universe.
• 3. Hebrew Cosmogony in the Book of Genesis (Page 50): This section interprets the creation narrative in Genesis, analyzing the Hebrew worldview of creation and its comparison to other cosmogonies.
• 4. Origin of the Mosaic Dispensation (Page 178): Shaw reflects on the Mosaic Law and its impact on the Israelites, particularly focusing on the miracles and heroic figures in the Old Testament.
• 5. Inquiry into the Origin of Christianity (Page 230): This analysis covers the Gospels, the miracles of Jesus, and the Acts of the Apostles, attempting to reconcile the apparent duality in the narrative with an underlying unity in meaning.
1st treatise on Phoenician Cosmogonies in Cosmotheologies by Robert Shaw is organized as follows:
The section begins with a comprehensive exploration of Phoenician theology and cosmogonies, primarily through Philo of Byblos' Greek translation of Sanchuniatho's Phoenician History. This spans from pages 1 to 80. The text is divided into three main cosmogonies, each followed by commentaries.
First Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 1-3) – Shaw introduces the first cosmogony, setting the foundation for understanding Phoenician views of creation.
Commentary on the First Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 3-5) – Analyzes the symbolism and theological implications of the first cosmogony.
Second Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 5-9) – Describes another Phoenician creation myth.
Commentary on the Second Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 9-11) – Provides deeper insights and reflections on this version of Phoenician creation stories.
Figures in Phoenician Mythology (Pages 11-16) – This section covers important mythological figures such as Saminrum and Usoos (interpreted as allegories for Israel and Esau), alongside other characters like fishermen, agriculturists, demigods, and champions.
Bene-El and Cabiri (Pages 16-20) – Discusses the "Sons of God" and the Cabiri, who are often considered giants and dwarfs in ancient mythological traditions.
Third Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 20-23) – The third version of the Phoenician cosmogony is introduced here.
Genealogies (Pages 23-27) – Shaw presents various genealogies related to Uranos, Cronos, and other divine figures like Nereus, Pontos, and Poseidon.
Commentary on the Third Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 27-30) – Further elaborates on the third cosmogony and its symbolic significance.
Phoenician Traditions (Pages 30-36) – Covers the traditions of the Syrians or Sidonians regarding the reign of Cronos, the invention of letters by Taut (Thoth), and later mythological developments.
Commentary on these traditions (Pages 32-36) – Provides critical reflections on the reign of Cronos, the invention of the alphabet, and sacrifices.
Extracts from Philo’s Works (Pages 36-41) – This section includes additional extracts concerning the originators of Phoenician theology, Taut (the god of letters), and the practice of human sacrifices.
Origin of the Phoenician or Hebrew Alphabet (Pages 41-46) – Shaw explores the development and origins of the alphabet, tying Phoenician history with Hebrew traditions.
The 2ND treatise on the Cosmogonies of :(Sketch of the Ancient Cosmotheologies of the World )
The Scandinavians.
The Chinese, Hindoos, Etc. ; Confucianism; Bkahminism; Buddhism.
The Iranians (Bactrians, Medes and Persians); Ormuzd and Ahriman, Zoroaster in the Zenda vesta.
The Babylonians or Chaldeans.
The Phoenicians.
The ^Egyptians.
The Pelasgians and Greeks of Heoric and Historic Times.
The Romans.
The Ancient Germans.
The Gauls and Britons or Ancient Celts.
The American Indians.
The Mahometans.
The 3RD +4th Treatise of the book Hebrew Cosmogony in the Book of Genesis
The section begins with the Connection of Genesis with Exodus (Pages 7-9), where Shaw examines the relationship between these two foundational books of the Torah. He then proceeds to discuss Who the Israelites of the Exodus Were (Pages 9-17), exploring the historical identity and lineage of the Israelite people who left Egypt under Moses' leadership.
The treatise continues with a detailed account of the Birth and Life of Moses Until He Receives His Commission at Sinai (Pages 17-21), outlining Moses' early life, his time in Egypt, and eventual flight to Midian. This is followed by an examination of Moses in Midian (Pages 21-23), where he resides after leaving Egypt, and Moses at the Burning Bush (Pages 23-25), the moment when Moses is called by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
Shaw then discusses Moses' Inability as in Himself (Pages 25-27), emphasizing Moses' reluctance and perceived inadequacies, and follows with Moses Accepting His Commission and Returning to Egypt (Pages 27-29), where Moses finally agrees to lead the Israelites. The next segment, The Miracles of Moses (Pages 29-37), describes the miraculous signs performed by Moses, including the plagues sent upon Egypt. Next, Shaw examines The Route of the Israelites in Their Exodus (Pages 37-38), analyzing the path they took after leaving Egypt. The dramatic event of The Israelites Passing the Red Sea, Wherein the Egyptians Are Drowned (Pages 38-39) is then recounted, followed by their journey to Marah, Elim, and the Wilderness of Sin (Pages 39-41). Shaw discusses Moses Drawing Water from the Rock at Rephidim and Joshua Discomfiting Amalek (Pages 41-42), highlighting two key episodes during the journey. The treatise moves on to the reunion between Moses and his father-in-law in Moses' Father-in-Law Comes Out to Meet Him (Pages 42-43), followed by The Israelites Going Forward to Mount Sinai (Pages 43-45). The giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai (Pages 45-48) is covered next, one of the most pivotal moments in the Hebrew scriptures. However, soon after, the Israelites Worship the Golden Calf at Sinai (Pages 48-53), a moment of great betrayal, after which Moses intervenes. The Tabernacle Set Up at Sinai (Pages 53-54) is discussed as a key institution in Israelite worship, followed by The Book of Leviticus (Pages 54-55), with an emphasis on the sacrificial laws and priestly codes. Shaw then reflects on The Sin of Blasphemy and the Year of Jubilee (Pages 55-58), considering the importance of the Sabbatical and Jubilee years in Israelite law. The next section delves into The Tabernacle (Pages 58-62), with a detailed description of its construction and significance. The Book of Numbers (Pages 62-64), examining the census, laws, and the Israelites' further journey. The Tabernacle Moved Forward from Mount Sinai (Pages 64-65) describes the people's migration from the holy mountain, followed by The People Murmur and Are Supplied with Manna and Quails (Pages 65-66), highlighting God's miraculous provision for His people. The final part addresses The Twelve Spies and the Sequel to Their Investigation (Pages 67-69), recounting the critical moment when the spies return from Canaan and its implications for the Israelites' future. The treatise begins with a Sentence Against the Rebellious Israelites (Pages 69-71), discussing God's judgment on those who defied Him during the wilderness wanderings. This is followed by the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (Pages 71-72), where these leaders challenge Moses' authority and face divine punishment. The next section recounts how Aaron's Rod Buds, and Miriam Dies at Kadesh (Pages 72-73), signifying God's choice of Aaron and the loss of Moses' sister. The Israelites move on, and Aaron Dies on Mount Hor (Pages 73-74), a key moment of transition in the priesthood. Shaw then discusses Balak, King of Moab, and Balaam, the Prophet (Pages 74-80), including Balaam’s prophecy and his role in Israel’s journey. After this, Israel in Moab (Pages 80-82) details the interactions and conflicts between the Israelites and the Moabites before they prepare to enter the Promised Land. The next treatise covers The Book of Deuteronomy and the Death of Moses on Mount Nebo (Pages 82-83), as Moses passes leadership to Joshua before his death. The Book of Joshua (Pages 83-85) follows with the Passage of the Jordan and the capture of Jericho and Ai (Pages 85-87), recounting Israel’s initial victories in Canaan. Shaw also highlights the Stratagem of the Gibeonites and Joshua’s Conquest of the Five Kings of the Amorites (Pages 87-90), leading to Joshua’s Conquest of the Whole Country (Pages 90-91). The section concludes with Joshua Addressing the People and His Death, as also the Death of Eleazar, the Priest, the Son of Aaron (Pages 91-92), marking the end of an era in Israelite leadership. The Book of Judges (Pages 92-93) begins with the Angel at Bochim, setting the stage for the cycle of judges who ruled Israel. Shaw covers notable judges like Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (Pages 93-94) and Deborah the Prophetess and Barak (Pages 94-95). The story of Gideon and His Exploits (Pages 95-99) is followed by the rise and fall of his family, including Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (Pages 99-100). Other judges, including Jephthah (Pages 100-101), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (Pages 101-102), are also briefly discussed. The narrative then turns to Samson, Judge and Hero, and His Exploits (Pages 102-110), recounting his legendary strength and battles with the Philistines. This leads to the First Book of Samuel and the Judgeship of Eli (Pages 110-111), which describes the decline of Eli’s house and the rise of Samuel the Prophet and Judge of Israel (Pages 111-118), who plays a pivotal role in transitioning I...
The book begins with the Creation, introducing readers to the foundational stories of Adam and Eve, the Fall of Man, and subsequent events like Cain and Abel and the Great Flood in the time of Noah. It continues with the Patriarchal history, detailing the lives of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, highlighting God’s covenants and promises to His chosen people.
The narrative proceeds to the Exodus and the leadership of Moses, including the dramatic Ten Plagues and Parting of the Red Sea, followed by the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. From there, it recounts the Wilderness Wanderings, the Conquest of Canaan under Joshua, and the period of the Judges, including the stories of Samson and Ruth.
Moving into the era of the Monarchy, the book covers the reigns of King Saul, David, and Solomon, focusing on the establishment of Israel as a kingdom and the building of the Temple in Jerusalem. The narrative also delves into the division of the kingdom into Israel and Judah, the prophetic ministries of Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and others, and the eventual exile of the Jewish people to Babylon.
In the New Testament portion, the book recounts the life, ministry, and teachings of Jesus Christ, including His miracles, parables, crucifixion, and resurrection. It then shifts to the founding of the early Christian church, with special focus on the missionary journeys and writings of St. Paul.
Finally, the book provides a continuation of events beyond the biblical narrative, up to the Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD by the Romans, a significant event in both Jewish and Christian history.
This concise yet comprehensive overview of biblical history offers readers a clear and organized view of key events, theological themes, and historical developments found in
Chapter I: From the Creation to the Deluge
This chapter opens with the Creation of the world, detailing the formation of the heavens, earth, and all living things, with Adam and Eve as the first humans. It recounts the early history of humanity, including the Fall in the Garden of Eden, which introduces sin into the world. Key stories include Cain and Abel, and the growing corruption of mankind, culminating in the Great Flood during the time of Noah, a divine judgment to cleanse the earth of its wickedness.
Chapter II: From the Deluge to the Confusion of Languages at Babel
After the floodwaters subside, Noah’s descendants begin to spread across the earth. This chapter focuses on the post-Flood repopulation of the earth, the Covenant of the Rainbow, and the rise of powerful human civilizations. It highlights the story of the Tower of Babel, where humanity, united by one language, attempts to build a tower to heaven, leading God to confound their language and scatter them across the world. This event marks the beginning of diverse cultures and languages.
Chapter III: From the Confusion of Languages to the Birth of Moses
This section traces the line of the patriarchs, starting with Abraham, who receives the promise of a great nation from God. It follows the stories of his son Isaac, grandson Jacob, and great-grandson Joseph, whose life in Egypt sets the stage for the future enslavement of the Israelites. The chapter culminates with the birth of Moses, the future leader who will liberate his people from Egyptian bondage.
Chapter IV: From the Birth of Moses to the Conquest of Canaan by the Israelites
The focus shifts to the life and mission of Moses, including the dramatic events of the Exodus from Egypt, the Ten Plagues, and the miraculous Parting of the Red Sea. Moses leads the Israelites through the wilderness, receiving the Ten Commandments from God at Mount Sinai. The chapter concludes with the Conquest of Canaan, where under the leadership of Joshua, the Israelites begin to take possession of the Promised Land.
Chapter V: From the Conquest of Canaan to the Monarchical Government
This chapter covers the transitional period after the conquest of Canaan, where the Israelites are ruled by Judges. Figures like Samson, Gideon, and Deborah lead the people in times of crisis. Eventually, the Israelites demand a king to rule them, marking the end of the judges and the beginning of the monarchical period in Israel’s history.
Chapter VI: From the Monarchical Government to the Revolt of Ten Tribes Under Jeroboam
Here, the narrative explores the establishment of the Israelite monarchy with King Saul, followed by the reigns of David and Solomon. After Solomon’s death, the kingdom splits into two: the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah, with Jeroboam leading the northern tribes in revolt against Solomon’s successor, Rehoboam.
Chapter VII: The Kingdom of Israel from its Foundation by Jeroboam to its Dissolution by Shalmaneser
This chapter chronicles the rise and fall of the northern kingdom of Israel. It details the rule of several kings, the worship of false gods, and the increasing apostasy of the nation. Eventually, Israel is conquered by the Assyrian King Shalmaneser, leading to the kingdom’s destruction and the exile of its people.
Chapter VIII: The Kingdom of Judah from the Accession of Rehoboam to its Final Catastrophe under Zedekiah
Focusing on the southern kingdom of Judah, this chapter spans the reigns of its kings from Rehoboam to Zedekiah. Despite periods of religious reform, Judah faces its own decline due to disobedience and idolatry. The narrative ends with Babylon’s conquest of Jerusalem, the destruction of the Temple, and the exile of the Jewish people under King Nebuchadnezzar.
Chapter IX: From the Return of the Jews out of Babylon to the Death of Nehemiah
This chapter covers the return of the Jewish exiles under leaders like Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah. It describes the rebuilding of the Temple and the walls of Jerusalem, as well as the religious reforms that reestablished the worship of God among the returning Jews.
Chapter X: Continuation of Jewish Affairs from the End of the Old Testament to the Birth of Our Saviour
A gap exists between the Old and New Testament periods. This chapter bridges that gap by summarizing key historical events during the Intertestamental period, including the Maccabean Revolt, the rise of the Roman Empire, and the political and religious developments leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ.
Chapter XI: From the Birth to the Ascension of Jesus Christ
This chapter narrates the life of Jesus Christ, focusing on His miraculous birth, His teachings, parables, and miracles, as well as His crucifixion and resurrection. It concludes with His ascension into heaven, marking the end of His earthly ministry.
Chapter XII: From the Ascension of Our Saviour to the Death of St. Paul
This chapter focuses on the growth of the early Christian church after Christ’s ascension. It highlights the missionary journeys of the Apostle Paul, the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, and Paul’s eventual martyrdom.
Chapter XIII: Continuation of the Jewish History from the Death of St. Paul to the Final Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans
The final chapter covers the events leading to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 AD, an event that marks a turning point in Jewish history and the early Christian church. It discusses the Jewish revolts and the fall of the Second Temple, concluding this compendious view of Scripture history.
And
The Sacred Mirror, or Compendious View of Scripture History (1806) i touches upon esoteric and sacred themes that are present within the Scriptures and their interpretations. The esoteric aspects of the book might not be overt but can be uncovered through a deeper reading of its content. Here are some sacred or esoteric themes present in the work:
1. Symbolism of Numbers
Throughout the Bible, numbers like 7, 40, and 12 hold deep symbolic meaning. The book would touch upon the significance of these numbers in biblical history, such as the 7 days of creation, the 40 days of rain in the flood, or the 12 tribes of Israel. In esoteric traditions, these numbers are often seen as embodying divine harmony, completeness, or trial and transformation.
2. Sacred Covenants
The book highlights God’s covenants with humanity, such as the Abrahamic Covenant or the Mosaic Covenant. Esoterically, these covenants represent more than just historical agreements—they symbolize humanity's spiritual evolution and connection with the divine. Covenants are seen as sacred contracts, implying hidden meanings about mankind’s role in the cosmic plan.
3. Prophetic Visions and Esoteric Interpretations
The narratives in the book surrounding figures like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel introduce prophetic visions that have been interpreted in both traditional and mystical ways. For example, Daniel’s vision of the four beasts or Isaiah’s vision of the seraphim often carry esoteric meanings relating to future events, divine justice, and the nature of heavenly beings.
4. The Destruction of the Temple
The book’s final chapters deal with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, which is a pivotal moment in both Jewish and Christian mysticism. In esoteric traditions, the destruction of the Temple is not just a historical event, but also a symbol of spiritual exile and the fracturing of the sacred connection between God and mankind. Mystical interpretations of this event often focus on the deeper spiritual lessons and the eventual return of divine order.
5. Messianic Expectation and Esoteric Christology
In the sections covering the birth o...
breakdown of the contents:
• Historical Overview: The book provides a faithful history of the four ancient monarchies—Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman—necessary for understanding the conditions of the Jewish people.
• Jewish Church and Jerusalem: A general view of the state of the Jewish Church up until the destruction of Jerusalem.
• Remarks on the Biblical Text: It covers remarks on the Pentateuch, Prophets, and other books of the Old Testament, as well as the Gospels, Acts, Epistles in the New Testament, and their designs and scopes.
• Chronology of Scriptures: It includes an exact chronology of the Holy Scriptures, with contributions from Archbishop Ussher and Mr. Archdeacon Echard.
• Doctrinal Explanations: There is a dissertation on revealed religion, including an account of the divines who defended it.
• Difficult Passages: Explanation of difficult texts of scripture and certain sacred mysteries, discussing what should or shouldn't be open to human inquiry.
• Holy Land Geography: The text compares the Holy Land with accounts by modern travelers to make scripture study easier and more instructive.
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Key Themes and Concepts:
• The Zohar:
The Zohar is a central work of Kabbalistic literature, often regarded as the mystical commentary on the Torah. Waite examines its structure, themes, and the various layers of meaning embedded within its text. He aims to elucidate how the Zohar interprets the Hebrew Bible and explores themes of divine unity, creation, and the nature of the soul.
• Mystical Philosophy:
Waite delves into the philosophical underpinnings of the Zohar, discussing concepts such as Ein Sof (the infinite aspect of God), the nature of the divine emanations known as the Sefirot, and the process of creation. He emphasizes how these ideas relate to broader metaphysical discussions in both Jewish and universal mystical traditions.
• Historical Context:
The book places the Zohar within its historical context, tracing its origins to the 13th-century Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon. Waite discusses the socio-cultural influences that shaped the development of Kabbalistic thought, including earlier Jewish mysticism and philosophical movements.
• Connections to Other Traditions:
Waite explores connections between the Zohar and other mystical and esoteric traditions, such as Gnosticism and Hermeticism. He examines how themes present in the Zohar resonate with those found in other spiritual systems, highlighting a shared pursuit of hidden knowledge and divine truth.
• Illustrations and Symbolism:
The inclusion of illustrations adds a visual dimension to the text, showcasing symbols and diagrams related to Kabbalistic thought. Waite often interprets these images as representing deeper spiritual concepts, enhancing the reader’s understanding of the Zohar’s teachings.
• Spiritual Practice:
Waite emphasizes the importance of practical application of Kabbalistic teachings. He discusses how the insights gleaned from the Zohar can inform one's spiritual practice, ethical living, and relationship with the divine. This aspect underscores the transformative potential of engaging with mystical texts.
Significance:
Waite’s work is significant for scholars and practitioners of mysticism, Kabbalah, and Jewish studies. It serves as both an academic exploration of the Zohar and a personal reflection on its relevance for spiritual seekers. By linking the Zohar to broader esoteric traditions, Waite illustrates the interconnectedness of mystical thought across cultures and epochs.
Influence:
Arthur Edward Waite is a pivotal figure in the study of the occult and mysticism, known for his comprehensive analyses and interpretations of mystical texts. His work on the Zohar contributes to a deeper understanding of Kabbalistic thought and its enduring influence on contemporary spirituality.
Chapter I: The Early Students of Kabalism
An exploration of the initial practitioners and thinkers who shaped Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter II: The Hidden Church of Israel
A discussion on the esoteric aspects of Jewish spirituality and its concealed teachings.
Chapter III: The Majesty of God in Kabalism
An examination of the nature and attributes of God as understood in Kabbalistic doctrine.
Chapter IV: The Doctrine of Cosmology
An overview of Kabbalistic cosmology, detailing the structure and origin of the universe.
Chapter V: The Myth of the Earthly Paradise
An analysis of the concept of paradise within Kabbalistic teachings and its symbolic meanings.
Chapter VI: The Serpent, Son of the Morning, and the Fall of the Angels
A study of the mythological figures associated with the fall of angels and their significance in Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter VII: The Fall of Man
An exploration of the Kabbalistic interpretation of humanity's fall and its implications for spiritual practice.
Chapter VIII: The Legend of the Deluge
An investigation into the flood narrative and its mystical interpretations within Kabbalism.
Chapter IX: The Covenant with Abraham
A discussion on the significance of Abraham's covenant and its spiritual ramifications.
Chapter X: Of Moses, the Master of the Law
An examination of Moses’ role in Kabbalistic tradition as a lawgiver and spiritual leader.
Chapter XI: The Temples in Jerusalem
An analysis of the symbolic and mystical significance of the temples in Jerusalem within Kabbalistic belief.
Chapter XII: The Coming of Messiah
A study on Kabbalistic perspectives regarding the messianic age and its anticipated arrival.
Chapter XIII: The Soul in Kabalism
An exploration of the nature of the soul and its journey within Kabbalistic teachings.
Chapter XIV: The Doctrine Concerning Sheol
An examination of the concepts of Sheol and the afterlife as understood in Kabbalism.
Chapter XV: Concerning Resurrection
A discussion on the beliefs surrounding resurrection and rebirth in Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter XVI: The Mystery of Shekinah
An exploration of the Shekinah, representing the divine presence and its role in Kabbalistic spirituality.
Chapter XVII: The Mystery of the Occult Sciences
A study of the occult sciences and their integration into Kabbalistic practice.
Chapter XVIII: Developments of Later Kabalism
An examination of the evolution and changes in Kabbalistic thought in later periods.
Chapter XIX: The Alleged Christian Elements
A discussion on the perceived Christian influences within Kabbalistic teachings.
Chapter XX: Conclusion on Jewish Theosophy
A summation of the insights gained regarding Jewish theosophy through the study of Kabbalism.
Index
A comprehensive index to assist readers in navigating the topics discussed in the book.
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Kabbalism, Zohar, mystical teachings, Jewish mysticism, esoteric knowledge, divine presence, Shekinah, spiritual awakening, theosophy, cosmology, ancient wisdom, hidden church, mystical philosophy, the nature of God, resurrection, the fall of man, covenant with Abraham, Serpent of the Morning, legends of the deluge, Messianic age, divine unity, spiritual practices, occult sciences, soul journey, earthly paradise, angels and demons, Kabbalistic traditions, metaphysical concepts, divine attributes, Jewish spirituality, historical context, Moses and the Law, temples in Jerusalem, mystical symbols, transcendental experience, divine emanations, Sefirot, Ein Sof, sacred texts, divine knowledge, spiritual transformation, hidden truths, spiritual evolution, arcane wisdom, alchemical symbols, mysteries of creation, the inner path, divine illumination, esoteric traditions, archetypal figures, spiritual guardians, celestial realms, higher consciousness, mystical union, the Great Work, secret teachings, sacred geometry, ancient rituals, initiation rites, spiritual disciplines, divine mysteries, divine intervention, path of enlightenment, spiritual insights, occult philosophy, inner sanctum, the hidden way, angelic hierarchy, spiritual resonance, cosmic consciousness, the tree of life, divine archetypes, symbolic language, mythological narratives, spiritual pilgrimage, Hermetic teachings, universal truths, spiritual synthesis, divine revelation, Kabbalistic cosmology, esoteric insights, practices of devotion, spiritual guardianship, paths of wisdom, the nature of the soul, ancient scrolls, archetypes of spirituality, spiritual alchemy, the process of creation, esoteric symbols, hidden doctrines, soul ascension, divine pathways, teachings of the sages, theurgy, mysteries of Sheol, divine guidance, the spiritual quest, cosmic order, hidden teachings, the divine feminine, spiritual awakening practices, allegorical interpretations, Kabbalistic literature, teachings of Moses, divine creation, sacred traditions, eternal truths, mysteries of existence, angels and their roles, esoteric exploration, the spiritual landscape, transcending duality, mystical experiences, divine compassion, spiritual knowledge, sacred writings, Jewish theosophy, divine love, the nature of evil, mythic archetypes, spiritual evolution, the divine plan, Kabbalistic legends, the quest for truth, metaphysical explorations, pathways to the divine, symbols of transformation, sacred insights, transformative journeys, revelations, higher planes of existence, divine mysteries of faith, understanding the unseen, mystical insights, the unity of being, cosmic cycles, the significance of symbols, occult traditions, divine guardians, the essence of faith, esoteric inquiry, the mystic path, ancient mysteries, divine truths, spiritual connections, and the quest for meaning
Key Themes and Concepts:
• Mysticism and its Core Principles:
Waite examines mysticism as the pursuit of direct, personal experience of the Divine. He emphasizes that mysticism transcends organized religion, focusing instead on the individual's inner path toward spiritual truth. Waite explores different forms of mysticism across history and cultures, including Christian mysticism, Kabbalistic mysticism, and alchemical traditions.
• The Secret Tradition:
Waite often refers to the Secret Tradition, a term he uses to describe a thread of hidden, spiritual knowledge believed to have existed in ancient civilizations, mystical teachings, and religious sects. This tradition includes esoteric wisdom that claims to reveal deeper truths about human existence, the nature of the Divine, and the universe. Waite suggests that this tradition can be traced through various mystical systems, from ancient Egypt to Christian mystics and Rosicrucian teachings.
• The Role of Symbols and Allegory:
Central to Waite’s work is the idea that symbols and allegory serve as the language of the mystics, conveying hidden truths that cannot be expressed in ordinary terms. He explores the use of symbolism in mystical texts and the importance of interpreting these symbols correctly to unlock the knowledge they contain. The book delves into the symbolic significance of alchemical processes, religious rituals, and sacred texts.
• Alchemy and the Inner Transformation:
In discussing alchemy, Waite does not limit himself to the material aspect of transforming base metals into gold. Instead, he views alchemy as a spiritual process where the alchemist undergoes an inner transformation—purifying the soul and attaining divine wisdom. The stages of alchemical work are seen as metaphors for the stages of mystical awakening and spiritual development.
• Christian Mysticism and the Western Esoteric Tradition:
Waite frequently returns to Christian mysticism, particularly the works of mystics like St. John of the Cross, Meister Eckhart, and the early Christian Gnostics. He highlights how these mystics sought direct communion with the Divine, often through contemplation, ascetic practices, and the transformation of the self. He connects this to the broader Western esoteric tradition, arguing that Christian mysticism is an integral part of the Secret Tradition.
• The Hermetic and Rosicrucian Traditions:
Waite was deeply influenced by Hermeticism and Rosicrucianism, and he explores their mystical teachings in this work. Both traditions emphasize the pursuit of hidden knowledge, spiritual transformation, and the belief in a cosmic order governed by divine principles. Waite ties these systems to the Secret Tradition, asserting that they offer keys to understanding universal spiritual truths.
• Mysticism as an Inner Journey:
Throughout the book, Waite stresses that mysticism is an inner journey, where the individual seeks not only knowledge but personal transformation. He suggests that the true mystic must go beyond intellectual understanding and experience the divine reality firsthand, through meditation, contemplation, and a purified life.
Significance:
This book serves as an in-depth study of mystical thought, connecting historical and contemporary mystical practices to a unified esoteric tradition. Waite was deeply committed to uncovering the hidden wisdom within religious and mystical texts, believing that these teachings point to a perennial truth shared across different spiritual systems. For readers interested in Western esotericism, alchemy, mysticism, and the evolution of secret societies, Waite’s work is both a scholarly resource and a personal reflection on the nature of spiritual experience.
Influence:
Arthur Edward Waite is perhaps best known for his involvement in the occult revival of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly his role in the creation of the Rider-Waite Tarot Deck. His broader body of work, including "Studies in Mysticism", has had a lasting influence on the study of mysticism, esotericism, and the occult. Waite’s emphasis on a Christianized mysticism also distinguishes him from other contemporaries in the esoteric world, like Aleister Crowley.
Contents with quick short summary Becoming:
PART I: THE HITHER SIDE OF THE PORTAL
This section explores The Life of the Mystic, which introduces the basic concepts of mysticism. It continues with The Enterprise of Sanctity, a discussion on the pursuit of holiness, and The Sense of the Infinite, which delves into the mystic's awareness of boundless spiritual realms. Topics such as Supernatural Goodness and A Question of Service examine the ethical dimensions of mystical practice. The section closes with Asceticism and Mysticism, exploring the balance between self-discipline and spiritual awakening, and The Foundation of the Higher Magia, which discusses the groundwork for mystical practices.
PART II: VESTIGES OF THE OUTER WAYS
This part begins with Lesser Mysteries of the Life of Life, discussing introductory mystical teachings and practices. By-ways of Half a Century reflects on half a century's worth of mystical exploration. Mesmerism and Hypnotism touches upon these influential practices and their spiritual implications. Then, The Saviours of Louis XVI examines figures involved in mystical or esoteric attempts to save the French king. Other sections include The Paradise of Hermes, which discusses Hermetic traditions, and Some Offices of Vain Observance, exploring ritualistic practices that may not yield deeper spiritual results. It continues with Dwellers on the Threshold, a look at beings or forces encountered in mysticism. Lastly, it covers Who Stand at the Door and Knock, a symbolic reflection on initiation, A Masque of Anarchy, which might explore the chaos before spiritual order, and Powers of the Deep, which deals with hidden or subconscious spiritual forces.
PART III: THE COURTS OF THE TEMPLE
In this final part, The Garden of Venus opens with a discussion on love and mysticism. The Gate and the Sanctuary examines the entry into deeper spiritual practices, and The Voice of the Beloved focuses on the mystic’s relationship with the Divine. Following these are Stewards of the Mysteries, which looks at those who safeguard esoteric knowledge, and The Building Word, likely concerning the spoken power of creation in mystical practices. It continues with Rumours of the Mystic Quest, which reflects on the search for spiritual truth, and ends with The Veil of the Sanctum Sanctorum, discussing the ultimate revelations in mysticism and sacred mysteries.
Tags-
Mysticism, esotericism, spiritual awakening, asceticism, supernatural goodness, divine knowledge, secret tradition, alchemy, Hermeticism, Rosicrucianism, spiritual transformation, meditation, contemplation, inner journey, enlightenment, sacred geometry, initiation rites, ritual symbolism, gnostic wisdom, cosmic consciousness, divine union, hidden knowledge, spiritual quest, higher consciousness, transcendental experience, occult practices, celestial realms, astral projection, sacred texts, ancient mysteries, esoteric teachings, divine mysteries, kabbalistic mysticism, spiritual purification, soul ascension, divine illumination, mystical traditions, soul alchemy, ancient wisdom, sacred rituals, theurgy, spiritual hierarchies, angelic orders, divine ecstasy, sacred initiation, cosmic harmony, metaphysical realms, divine emanations, spiritual mastery, occult philosophy, soul enlightenment, initiation into mysteries, divine archetypes, spiritual pilgrimage, spiritual rebirth, divine revelation, ancient symbols, the occult arts, sacred knowledge, divine messengers, sacred science, divine intervention, mystical union, esoteric initiation, alchemical symbols, spiritual discipline, divine forces, initiation into higher worlds, sacred sanctuary, divine contemplation, inner temple, divine visions, celestial beings, ancient rites, mystical philosophy, spiritual guardians, the great work, sacred journey, divine wisdom, astral realms, soul awakening, divine transformation, sacred mysteries, secret orders, esoteric symbols, divine energy, spiritual elevation, inner sanctum, higher initiation, ancient codes, divine providence, esoteric wisdom, spiritual guardianship, divine consciousness, sacred esoterica, secret manuscripts, hidden doctrines, divine path, spiritual insight, the inner path, ancient doctrines, arcane symbols, mystical teachings, divine encounters, celestial wisdom, spiritual purification rites, sacred portals, spiritual transcendence, the hidden way, divine paths, soul evolution, ancient scrolls, divine quests, celestial guardians, sacred hieroglyphs, divine presence, esoteric traditions, cosmic knowledge, hidden wisdom, sacred power, divine messengers, ancient divinity, esoteric philosophy, divine ascension, mystical rites, spiritual gateways, secret manuscripts, sacred temples, spiritual resonance, divine harmonics, cosmic order, hidden realms, spiritual light, sacred initiation, spiritual synthesis, divine gateways, soul purification, esoteric rituals, divine forces, cosmic initiation, sacred union, arcane knowledge, celestial hierarchies, soul illumination, secret ceremonies, spiritual revelations, divine keys, mystical esoterica, divine realms, sacred traditions, ancient initiates, spiritual alchemy, divine pilgrimage, inner wisdom, sacred energies, divine rites, esoteric power, the secret teachings, sacred traditions, divine destiny, occult mysteries, cosmic cycles, divine mastery, sacred pathways, divine truth, hidden teachings...
Godspeed!
And
On to the Volumes
This comprehensive historical work covers not only the well-known civilizations of the ancient world, such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, but also delves into the histories of more obscure regions and peoples. It explores the early development of Assyria, Phoenicia, Lydia, and Carthage, offering insight into their unique contributions to military, religious, and cultural practices. Royal Robbins also examines lesser-known civilizations like the Medes and Lydians, and includes extensive accounts of the histories of China and the Canaanites, offering readers a rare glimpse into ancient societies often overlooked in modern history texts. Additionally, it provides a deep dive into the early Hebrews and their interaction with neighboring cultures, highlighting the complex geopolitical landscape of the ancient Near East
VOLUME 1 -
The Introduction outlines the benefits to be expected from the study of history, the sources of historical knowledge, and a general division of history into ten distinct periods.
Period I begins with the Antediluvian World, covering the history before the Great Flood, and includes an account of the distinguished characters from that era.
Period II covers the events following the Deluge, with a focus on the history of Assyria and China, as well as biographical notices of prominent figures from these regions. This period also explores the history of the Hebrews, the Canaanites, Greece, and Egypt, with China and Egypt continuing from earlier accounts. Distinguished characters from these civilizations are also highlighted.
In Period III, the narrative shifts to the history of the Israelites and continues with the Canaanites and Phoenicians. The history of Greece and Egypt is further developed, alongside accounts of Lydia and Italy. Distinguished characters from these cultures are included, providing a personal dimension to the broader historical narrative.
Period IV continues the history of the Israelites and Greece, with a new focus on Macedon. The histories of Assyria, Egypt, and the Phoenicians are continued, along with an introduction to the history of Carthage. The developments in Italy are also extended from the previous period. As before, distinguished characters from these regions are featured.
Finally, Period V delves into the rise of the Romans, alongside the ongoing history of Greece, the Israelites, and the Jews. This period includes the histories of Nineveh, Babylon, the Medes, Persia, and the Lydians, with Egypt's history continuing from previous periods. The lives and accomplishments of prominent figures from these civilizations are once again examined, offering a comprehensive view of the important historical figures who shaped the world.
VOLUME 2 - pages 1-412
The Introduction opens with general remarks about the structure and scope of the book, followed by a general division of history into ten periods.
Period I begins with the History of the Roman Empire, touching on the regions of Judea, Parthia, Persia, and China. This section highlights the political and cultural significance of each of these regions. Distinguished characters of the time are also discussed, providing insight into the notable figures who shaped these civilizations.
In Period II, the History of the Roman Empire continues, along with a detailed exploration of Persia and China. The accomplishments and key events of these regions are expanded upon, along with a continuation of the distinguished characters who influenced the course of history.
Period III focuses on the continued development of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the Kingdom of Italy. The histories of Persia, China, Spain, France, and England are covered in this section, each with their own set of distinguished characters who left a lasting legacy in politics, culture, and military affairs.
Period IV shifts focus to the rise of the Arabs or Saracens and the Eastern or Greek Empire, while continuing the history of the Kingdom of Italy and the ongoing narratives of Spain and France. This period also features notable figures who played significant roles in the development of these regions.
In Period V, attention turns to the History of the New Western Empire, with continued discussions on France, Italy, Spain, Germany, England, the Eastern Empire, China, and the Saracens. The period emphasizes the dynamic interplay between these regions and the notable characters who shaped their histories.
Period VI covers the Crusades, which had a profound impact on both Eastern and Western civilizations. This section continues with the histories of France, England, Germany, the Eastern Empire, the Saracens, and China, highlighting the significant developments in each region and the individuals who drove these changes.
In Period VII, the book delves into the History of the Turkish Empire and continues the histories of the Italian States, France, England, Germany, and China. This section also discusses the significant achievements of these regions, along with the lives of distinguished characters from various nations.
Period VIII focuses again on the Turkish Empire, with additional emphasis on the Italian States, France, England, Germany, Spain, Holland, and America. Distinguished characters continue to be a key feature of this period, as the book outlines the influence of individuals in shaping the political and cultural landscapes of these nations.
Period IX provides a comprehensive overview of France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, the Turkish Empire, and the British Colonies in North America. The section also includes narratives on Russia and Sweden, detailing the historical significance of these regions and their notable figures.
Finally, Period X covers the histories of Sweden, Prussia, Germany, Poland, Russia, England, France, the Italian States, Spain, the Netherlands, the Turkish Empire, China, Persia, India, the United States, and South America. Distinguished characters from each region are presented, offering a look into the individuals who played a crucial role in shaping the modern world.
The General Views section discusses various overarching themes, such as the Feudal System, Chivalry, Romances, and Pilgrimages. It also delves into the manners and character of the Gothic or Scandinavian nations, as well as the development of Learning and the Arts. Further discussions are provided on Discoveries and Inventions, Incidents and Curious Particulars, and the present state of several nations in areas like Agriculture, Roads, Conveyances, Intercourse, Education, Trade, and Manufactures.
Volume 3 -28 pages of more in depth questions (the first part is standard knowledge the next are on everything from relics to Monuments to coins to other arcane Questionss -(to state it simply bc I'm out of room on Academias limited room on abstracts!
QUESTIONS ON OUTLINES OF MODERN HISTORY. BY REV. ROYAL ROBBINS.
(To SEE? Scroll down on to he last Part of Book )
Tags : but not limited to -
I. Ancient History, II. Modern History, III. Biography, IV. Geography, V. Politics, VI. Religion, VII. Military History, VIII. Naval Affairs, IX. Arts and Literature, X. Customs and Society, XI. Biblical History, XII. Near Eastern Studies, XIII. Egyptian History, XIV. Greek History, XV. Chinese Dynasties, XVI. Roman Empire, XVII. Canaanites, XVIII. Assyrian Empire, XIX. Phoenician Trade, XX. Hebrew Scriptures, XXI. Historical Figures, XXII. Cultural Exchange, XXIII. Early Civilizations, XXIV. Social Structure, XXV. Historical Events, XXVI. Ethnography, XXVII. Ancient Warfare, XXVIII. Oral Traditions, XXIX. Ancient Rituals, XXX. Historical Narratives, XXXI. Philosophical Thought, XXXII. Political Philosophy, XXXIII. Economic Systems, XXXIV. Religious Practices, XXXV. Ancient Literature, XXXVI. Civilizational Progress, XXXVII. Historical Geography, XXXVIII. Technological Innovations, XXXIX. Cultural Heritage, XL. Genealogies, XLI. Cultural Identity, XLII. Comparative History, XLIII. Historical Reflection, XLIV. Historical Context, XLV. Transition of Power, XLVI. Political Alliances, XLVII. Trade Routes, XLVIII. Historical Critique, XLIX. Historical Documentation, L. Political Dynamics, LI. Cultural Syncretism, LII. Societal Evolution, LIII. Historical Insights, LIV. Ancient Beliefs, LV. Influence of Geography, LVI. Cultural Symbols, LVII. Cultural Heritage Preservation, LVIII. Artistic Movements, LIX. Maritime History, LX. Genealogical Studies, LXI. Political Structures, LXII. Legacy of Empires, LXIII. Cross-Cultural Interactions, LXIV. Antiquities, LXV. Historical Patterns, LXVI. Historical Analysis, LXVII. Social Movements, LXVIII. Historical Reappraisal, LXIX. Societal Change, LXX. Legacy of Traditions, LXXI. Ancient System...
(Ai)=to save time which =More books for your viewing pleasure (to the Scholar to Lay person)
back to the book -
Overview of the Content:
The book is divided into two primary parts:
• Of the Virtues of Herbs, Stones, and Certain Beasts:
• This section explores the medicinal and mystical properties of various natural elements. It draws upon the medieval belief that natural substances, like herbs, stones, and animals, had inherent magical or healing qualities.
• Herbs: The text discusses specific herbs and their applications, both for healing ailments and for performing magical rituals. This mirrors broader medieval botanical knowledge combined with superstition.
• Stones: Certain precious and semi-precious stones were believed to have special powers, such as protection from evil or enhancing certain virtues (e.g., courage, wisdom).
• Beasts: Animals, too, were thought to possess magical characteristics, either in their bodies (bones, blood, etc.) or their behavior. This section details how different creatures could be used in magic or medicine.
A Book of the Marvels of the World:
• This part of the book reflects on various strange phenomena and wonders from around the world. It combines travel lore, natural history, and mythology, presenting an early form of "natural philosophy."
• The marvels often include accounts of rare or mythical creatures, unusual geographical features, or natural wonders that medieval scholars and travelers encountered or heard about.
Context and Influence:
• Philosophy and Magic: The book blends the practical, observational knowledge of nature with medieval occultism, where magic and science were intertwined. It reflects the worldview of the time, where people believed that spiritual forces could be manipulated through the natural world.
• Alchemy: There is also an underlying current of alchemy, which sought to understand the hidden properties of matter, often with the goal of transformation or discovering the elixir of life. This ties in with Albertus Magnus’ real work as an early chemist and botanist.
• Scholarly Influence: While the attribution to Albertus Magnus is unclear, the book had a significant influence in the later medieval and Renaissance periods. It was popular among those interested in herbalism, early medicine, and magic, particularly during the occult revival of the 16th century.
Themes and Concepts:
• Sympathetic Magic: The book uses the principle of sympathetic magic, which claims that objects can influence each other through invisible connections or similarities. For example, a red stone might be used to treat blood disorders because of its color.
• The Unity of Nature: Another recurring theme is the belief that the natural world is deeply interconnected and that humans can harness this interconnectedness to gain power over nature, health, and fortune.
• Astrology and Cosmology: The work often refers to celestial bodies and the stars, hinting at the belief that herbs and stones derive their powers from planetary influence.
Pseudonymous Attribution:
Despite being attributed to Albertus Magnus, scholars doubt whether the historical Albertus wrote it. The real Albertus Magnus was a well-known scholar of natural science, theology, and philosophy. However, during the medieval period, it was common for writings of uncertain origin to be ascribed to a well-known figure to give them authority.
Conclusion:
The "Book of Secrets" reflects the intersection of medieval science, folklore, and magic. It offers a window into the medieval understanding of the world, where knowledge was not just about observation but also about discovering the hidden powers within nature. Whether or not Albertus Magnus actually wrote it, the book stands as a key piece of the medieval occult tradition and continued to influence magical practices, herbalism, and alchemical thought in later centuries.
Tags:
herbs, stones, beasts, medieval magic, alchemy, Albertus Magnus, pseudepigraphic, natural elements, virtues, healing properties, mystical, medieval science, occult, sympathetic magic, interconnection, herbs for rituals, stone properties, animal magic, cosmology, astrology, celestial influence, rare creatures, mythical beasts, natural wonders, folklore, natural history, medieval lore, strange phenomena, medieval philosophy, secret knowledge, early medicine, medieval scholarship, botanical knowledge, occult tradition, plant magic, stone magic, magical properties, alchemical knowledge, occult revival, medieval worldviews, medieval healing, pseudonymous attribution, hidden powers, planetary influence, courage stones, wisdom stones, magic animals, body parts, beast lore, celestial bodies, planetary magic, occult power, alchemy practices, medieval natural philosophy, rituals, healing rituals, magic rituals, marvels of the world, wonders, rare animals, mythology, medicinal herbs, magical herbs, medieval medicinal knowledge, strange occurrences, natural science, interconnectedness, influence of stars, astrology and magic, early occultism, medieval occultism, alchemical tradition, ritual magic, medieval stones, magical healing, nature magic, natural forces, secret properties, wonders of nature, healing wonders, magic practices, magical items, mystical properties, secret wisdom, alchemical wisdom, rare wonders, pseudepigrapha, plant rituals, planetary wisdom, early cosmology, herbalism, early magic, travel lore, natural magic, secret science, magic stones, herbal lore, occult lore, astrological beliefs, planetary stones, rare natural wonders, mythical lore, healing stones, medieval beliefs, natural healers, magical natural elements, rare phenomena, natural world marvels, marvels, occult secrets, hidden virtues, magic of beasts, folklore magic, magic lore, wonders of travel, astrological influence, alchemy and magic, travel and magic, medieval travel lore, planetary influence, occult rituals, secret rituals, herb magic, stone magic, mythical magic, alchemy and herbs, healing lore, magical stones, beast properties, body magic, medieval beast lore, plant wisdom, folklore wisdom, magic forces, healing forces, medieval natural magic, natural cures, magical cures, medieval healers, occult marvels, plant secrets, beast wisdom, stone wisdom, mystical cures, rare magic, folklore healers, astrological power, celestial wisdom, rare natural marvels, natural marvels, medieval herbs, animal magic practices, medieval wonders, secret plants, secret animals, magic and nature, planetary magic forces, magic stones, plant marvels, magic herbs, early medicinal magic, early mystical magic, hidden natural powers, alchemy wisdom, body magic practices, planetary power, natural forces of magic, rare plant powers, rare animal powers, secret powers, healing forces of nature, secret of the planets, medieval secret powers, early occult knowledge, mystical travel lore, alchemical forces, beast magic, marvels and magic, healing natural properties, medieval cosmic beliefs, cosmic wisdom, cosmic powers, plant and beast magic, travel secrets, medieval occult knowledge, planetary healing powers, magic of nature, secret cosmic wisdom.
CHAPTER I: Retrospect
The Beginnings of Comparative Mythology, Mr. Herbert Spencer, &c.
Story of Tuna from Mangaia. Proper Use of the Mythology of Uncivilized Peoples. Dr. Codrington on Totems. Meaning of ‘Primitive.’ Kronos and his Children. Fontenelle. Comparative Mythology founded. Names. Gervinus and Haupt. Controversies. Fermentation of Mythology. Study of Savage Tribes. My Defenders. Canizzaro. Sir Henry Maine. Mr. Horatio Hale. Professor Tiele. Kronos and Polynesian Folklore. M. Gaidoz. Influence of Language on Mythology. How Gender influences Mythology. The Moon. The Sun. Ideas fixed by Words. Importance of Mythology and Philosophy. Differences of Opinion Natural. Importance of Names. Help derived from Gender. Dual or Correlative Character of Deities. The Asvins and Helena. Many-sidedness of Ancient Gods. Etymology uncertain. Mythological and Historical Elements. Herakles, Alexander, Charlemagne. Mythology Anomalous. Stages of Mythology. Anomalous Names. Vedic Names. Folk-etymologies. Words without any Etymology. Study of Mythology changed.
CHAPTER II: On the Problems and Methods of the Science of Mythology
Three Schools of Mythological Study. Myth and History. Heroes. True Problem of Mythology. Our True Interest in Mythology. Disease of Language. Iroquois Stories. Mythology as a Psychological Problem. The Hyponoia of Mythology. Greek Views on the Meaning of Mythology. Gods as representing the Prominent Phenomena of Nature. The Weather and the Seasons. Saws about Weather. Historical Traditions. Enigmatic Language of Mythology. Gods with Intelligible Names. Helios and Selene. The Boat and the Herds of Helios. Selene. Apollon and Artemis. Gods with many Epithets, Hermes. Enigmatic Phase of Mythology. The Golden Apples. Montenegro Song of the Golden Apples. Sezjanian Riddles and Myths. Mordvinian Riddles and Greek Mythology. Mythology, no System. Mythographi. The Brothers Grimm, Schwartz, Castren. Had Gods and Heroes a Common Origin? Naturalia non sunt turpia. Heroes parallel with Gods. Helena both Goddess and Heroine. Dr. Hahn on Märchen. Beginnings of Mythology Lost. Schelling. Original Elements of Mythology. Male and Female Agents. Common Epithets of Physical Agents. What are the Devas? True Meaning of Deva. Mitra and Varuna. Names of the Devas in Modern Sanskrit or in Zend. Complementary Devas. Mitra and Varuna. How to compare Vedic and Greek Gods. The brilliant Haritas. Agni, Fire, Light, Sun. Indra. Ushas. Devas not restricted to one single Phenomenon.
CHAPTER III: The Study of Specific Deities and Folklore
Children of the Sun, Moon, &c. Eclipses of the Moon. Koi (Koit), the Dawn. Luonnotar. Water Deities. Earth Deities. Haltias. Abstract Deities. Subterrestrial Gods, and Ancestral Spirits. Castren’s Summing Up. Castren. Foreign Influences. The Mundane Egg. Physical Basis of the Ugro-Finnic Mythologies.
CHAPTER IV: Psychological School of Comparative Mythology
Ethno-psychological Studies. Dr. Gruppe. Sense of Shame. Discovery of Motives. Abstract Ideas among Savages.
CHAPTER V: Phonetics
Phonetic Rules, General and Special. Discovery of Phonetic Rules. Restricted Evidence for Phonetic Rules. Discussions about θεός. Comparative Philology at Leipzig in 1838. Bopp, Pott, Grimm. Grimm’s Law. Exceptions to Grimm’s Law. Lottner, Grassmann. Verner’s Law. Threefold Differentiation of Roots. Change of Place. Schleicher’s Ursprache. Dialects antecedent to Classical Speech. Aryan Vowels. Correspondence of Aryan Vowels. Unchangeability of Phonetic Laws. Analogy. Importance of Sanskrit. The Vedic Accent. Weak and Strong Terminations. Explanation of the Ablaut. Weakening and Strengthening of the Base. True Value of Phonetics. The Becoming of Letters. Aryan Vowels and their Legitimate Changes. The Accent. Ablaut. Instances. Assimilation (J. Schmidt). Consonants. Two Kinds of Palatals. Two Kinds of Gutturals. Application of Phonetic Rules to Proper Names. Local Names. Loss of Meaning entails Change of Form. Christian Names. Proper Names in Greek. Proper Names of Gods and Heroes. Dialectic Varieties of Proper Names. New Etymologies by Prof. Bechtel (Dionysos, Kerberos, Varvara, Zeus). θεός = Ushas. Dioskouroi = Divas putrasa. Trito and Tritogeneia. Helios, Mene, and Hestia. Erinys = Sarawyu. Helios. Athene. Poseidon. Hermes. Hera. Phoibos. Apollon. Ares. Artemis. Aphrodite. Anomalous Words of a more Ancient Stratum. Words with Different Etymologies. Prapides. Analogy and its Limits. Loss of Letters. Freedom in analyzing Mythological Names. Local Influence. Dialectic Varieties of Mythological Names. Aspirates, Sonant, and Surd. Mythological Names, Prehistoric. Daphne. Athene. Evidence necessarily limited. Gawapaçça. Briseis. Night and Clouds. Varuna. Orthros. Recapitulation.
This rare and awe-inspiring book offers an in-depth exploration of the vast Collection of global mythology, blending scholarship with captivating storytelling. It traces the origins and evolution of mythological narratives from the dawn of civilization, revealing how humanity's earliest beliefs were shaped by a profound connection to nature, the cosmos, and the divine. Delving into the myths of ancient Egypt, Sumeria, Greece, and Rome, as well as lesser-known stories from Polynesia, Vedic traditions, and indigenous peoples, the book brings to life the gods, goddesses, and heroes who personified the forces of creation, destruction, and renewal. From the cosmic battles of Kronos and his children to the symbolic significance of the sun, moon, and seasons, each chapter sheds light on how myths functioned as both spiritual allegory and historical record.
The work also uncovers the psychological and linguistic underpinnings of mythology, exploring how language itself influenced the formation of gods and sacred stories. It delves into the role of totems, primal symbols, and the enigmatic nature of deities who embody multiple, often contradictory, aspects of existence. With rich analysis on the effects of myth on both ancient and modern consciousness, it also offers insight into how mythology continues to shape philosophy, art, and religious thought today.
Encompassing everything from the study of savage tribes and their gods to the sophisticated epics of classical antiquity, this book is not merely a scholarly work but a profound exploration of the shared human experience. It is a treasure trove of wisdom and cultural heritage for anyone fascinated by the mysteries of the past, the sacred, and the origins of human belief.
tags-
• Ancient Mythology, 2. Comparative Religion, 3. Mythological Symbols, 4. Deities in Folklore, 5. Gods and Heroes, 6. Primitive Beliefs, 7. Religious Philosophy, 8. Vedic Traditions, 9. Greek Mythology, 10. Roman Deities, 11. Egyptian Gods, 12. Sumerian Texts, 13. Totemism, 14. Polynesian Folklore, 15. Kronos Myths, 16. Cultural Anthropology, 17. Mythic Archetypes, 18. Ancient Rites, 19. Sacred Rituals, 20. Creation Myths, 21. Sun Worship, 22. Moon Deities, 23. Totem Symbols, 24. Nature Worship, 25. Heroic Legends, 26. Divine Myths, 27. Linguistic Anthropology, 28. Mythic Symbolism, 29. Sacred Texts, 30. Epic Heroes, 31. Ancestral Spirits, 32. Ethno-religion, 33. Gender in Mythology, 34. Earth Gods, 35. Fire Worship, 36. Water Deities, 37. Air Spirits, 38. Solar Deities, 39. Lunar Myths, 40. Seasonal Myths, 41. Agricultural Deities, 42. Mythological Dualism, 43. Folk Etymology, 44. Sacred Geography, 45. Animal Totems, 46. Mythic Heroes, 47. Cosmic Deities, 48. Storm Gods, 49. War Deities, 50. Fertility Myths, 51. Death and Rebirth, 52. Afterlife Beliefs, 53. Funerary Rites, 54. Ancestor Worship, 55. Creation Legends, 56. Sacred Mountains, 57. Divine Kingship, 58. Magical Beings, 59. Supernatural Powers, 60. Mythical Creatures, 61. Dragons in Mythology, 62. Legendary Beasts, 63. Gods of Wisdom, 64. Goddesses of Fertility, 65. Sacred Feminine, 66. Mythic Kings, 67. Divine Queens, 68. Underworld Deities, 69. Sky Gods, 70. Weather Spirits, 71. Nature Myths, 72. Sacred Numbers, 73. Religious Symbols, 74. Tribal Mythology, 75. Epic Tales, 76. Divine Twins, 77. Archetypal Myths, 78. Mythological Cycles, 79. Pantheon of Gods, 80. Holy Beings, 81. Prophetic Legends, 82. Astral Mythology, 83. Divine Messengers, 84. Mythological Beings, 85. Heroic Journeys, 86. Trickster Gods, 87. Animal Spirits, 88. Healing Gods, 89. Shamanic Myths, 90. Mystical Experiences, 91. Visionary Myths, 92. Dream Interpretation, 93. Divine Visions, 94. Heavenly Realms, 95. Ethereal Beings, 96. Divine Emblems, 97. Goddesses of War, 98. Battle Deities, 99. Death Gods, 100. River Deities, 101. Mountain Spirits, 102. Sacred Trees, 103. Mythical Trees, 104. World Trees, 105. Creation Eggs, 106. Ocean Deities, 107. Sea Gods, 108. Sky Myths, 109. Stellar Deities, 110. Mythic Serpents, 111. Phoenix Myths, 112. Eternal Life, 113. Immortality Myths, 114. Chaos and Order, 115. Cosmic Battles, 116. Light and Dark, 117. Good vs Evil, 118. Mythical Time, 119. Sacred Calendars, 120. Heroic Sagas, 121. Divine Justice, 122. Lawgiver Gods, 123. Fate and Destiny, 124. Goddess of Fate, 125. Mythical Journeys, 126. Sacred Quests, 127. Legendary Warriors, 128. Divine Warriors, 129. Mythic Weapons, 130. Divine Fire, 131. Sacred Waters, 132. Ritual Purification, 133. Divine Punishment, 134. Celestial Beings, 135. Divine Intervention, 136. Miraculous Events, 137. Mythical Healing, 138. Oracles in Mythology, 139. Divine Prophecy, 140. Sacred Oracles, 141. Divine Inspiration, 142. Mythical Heroes, 143. Sacred Challenges, 144. Heroic Deeds, 145. Divine Tests, 146. Sacred Temples, 147. Religious Architecture, 148. Divine Relics, 149. Sacred Icons, 150. Holy Artifacts, 151. Mythical Artifacts, 152. Divine Healers, 153. Sacred Illnesses, 154. Divine Retribution, 155. Divine Transformation, 156. Animal Metamorphosis, 157. Godly Sacrifices, 158. Blood Sacrifices, 159. Mythic Resurrection, 160. Life and Death, 161. Rebirth Myths, 162. Creation of Man, 163. Divine Origins, 164....
Chapter 1: General Geography of the Biblical World
This chapter lays the foundation by outlining the general geography of regions mentioned in the Bible. It includes a description of the known world during biblical times, encompassing the Mediterranean basin, the Near East, and parts of Africa and Asia.
Chapter 2: The Geography of Palestine
Focuses on the land of Canaan, detailing its physical characteristics, cities, and division among the twelve tribes of Israel. It explores the major geographic landmarks and their significance in biblical history, such as the Jordan River, the Dead Sea, and the city of Jerusalem.
Chapter 3: The Topography of Jerusalem
Offers an in-depth look at Jerusalem’s geographical and topographical features. This chapter discusses the city’s layout, its significant sites like the Temple Mount, and its role in the biblical narrative. It also explores the historical changes to Jerusalem’s landscape over time.
Chapter 4: The Route of the Patriarchs
Examines the journeys undertaken by biblical figures such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It maps out their travels across the ancient Near East and explains how these routes influenced their historical and religious significance.
Chapter 5: The Cities of the Bible
Analyzes various cities mentioned in the Bible, including their historical and geographical contexts. This chapter provides detailed descriptions of important cities like Jericho, Bethlehem, and Nineveh, discussing their roles in biblical events.
Chapter 6: The Historical Context of Biblical Events
This chapter connects specific geographical locations with key biblical events. It explores the impact of geography on historical events such as battles, migrations, and conquests. It also integrates archaeological findings to support the biblical accounts.
Chapter 7: The Natural Features of the Biblical Lands
Details the physical geography, including mountains, rivers, and deserts, and their significance in biblical narratives. This chapter explains how natural features influenced the lives and experiences of biblical figures.
Chapter 8: Archaeological Discoveries
Discusses archaeological evidence related to the biblical world. It includes findings that corroborate biblical descriptions and helps to validate the historical accuracy of the biblical text.
Chapter 9: Comparative Geography
Compares the biblical geography with other ancient texts and historical accounts. This chapter provides a broader context for understanding the biblical world by aligning it with external sources and historical geography.
Chapter 10: The Influence of Geography on Biblical Culture
Explores how the geography of the biblical world influenced the culture, religion, and daily life of the people. It examines how geographical factors shaped religious practices, social structures, and historical developments.
Chapter 11: Maps and Illustrations
Provides a collection of maps and illustrations to visually represent the geographical and historical contexts discussed in previous chapters. This section helps to visualize the locations and routes described throughout the book.
Chapter 12: Appendices and Index
Includes additional material such as appendices with supplementary information and an index for easy reference. The appendices may contain detailed lists, additional maps, or further explanations on specific topics covered in the book.
and-
Here are a dozen or so places talked about in the book on a sacred and deep level of understanding -
1. The Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden is depicted as the idyllic paradise where the first humans, Adam and Eve, lived before their fall from grace. Wells explores the traditional locations proposed for Eden, often associating it with the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. The chapter discusses the descriptions provided in the Book of Genesis, such as the river flowing out of Eden to water the garden and dividing into four heads: Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, and Euphrates. Wells also examines the symbolic elements of Eden, including its trees, particularly the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the Tree of Life.
2. The Land of Nod
Following the expulsion from Eden, Cain is said to have settled in the Land of Nod. Wells discusses the enigmatic nature of Nod, its geographical ambiguity, and its representation as a place of exile. The chapter highlights the lack of precise location details in the biblical text and examines various traditional interpretations and speculative locations.
3. The Mountains of Ararat
Mount Ararat is traditionally associated with the resting place of Noah’s Ark after the floodwaters receded. Wells provides information on the geographical features of Ararat and its location in the eastern part of modern-day Turkey. The chapter discusses various theories and historical accounts related to the Ark’s final resting place and the mountain’s significance in the flood narrative.
4. Mount Moriah
Mount Moriah is famously associated with the binding of Isaac and the location where Solomon built the Temple. Wells explores its significance as a central sacred site in Jerusalem, discussing the traditional identification of Mount Moriah with the Temple Mount and its role in various biblical events. The chapter also covers the theological implications of the site as a place of divine testing and covenant.
5. The Plains of Moab
The Plains of Moab, located east of the Jordan River, are noted as the place where Moses delivered his final speeches before the Israelites entered the Promised Land. Wells provides details about the geographical and strategic significance of the plains and their role in the transition from wilderness wandering to settlement.
6. The City of Dan
Dan is discussed as one of the northernmost cities of ancient Israel, important for its role in the kingdom of Israel and its religious significance. Wells covers its geographical location and its mention in the context of the tribal allotments and the establishment of alternative worship sites.
7. The City of Bethel associated with Jacob’s vision of the ladder reaching to heaven, is highlighted for its religious and geographical importance. The chapter discusses its role as a significant site of worship and prophecy in the ancient Israelite tradition.
8. The Cosmic Mountains
The Cosmic Mountains refer to the idea of sacred mountains that were believed to connect the heavens and the earth, representing divine order and stability. Wells discusses this concept within the broader context of ancient Near Eastern cosmology and biblical literature. These mountains are often symbolic of the divine presence and cosmic order, featuring in various myths and religious texts as places where gods or divine beings reside.
9. Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon is mentioned for its significance as a high mountain in the region that was considered sacred. Wells explores its role in the context of biblical events and its association with the divine or supernatural. The chapter examines its geographical prominence and its place in the spiritual landscape of the ancient world.
10. Mount Nebo
Mount Nebo is where Moses is said to have viewed the Promised Land before his death. Wells describes its location, traditionally identified with a peak in the region of Moab, and its significance in the context of Moses' final moments and the transition of leadership to Joshua.
11. Mount Tabor
Mount Tabor is associated with the Transfiguration of Jesus in the New Testament. Wells provides details about its geographical features and its role in Christian tradition as a site of divine revelation and transformation.
12. Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim
These two mountains are significant for the covenant renewal ceremony conducted by Joshua. Wells discusses their geographical positioning in relation to each other and their symbolic role in the blessings and curses pronounced to the Israelites
continued -
1. Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a focal point of the biblical narrative and receives extensive coverage in the book. Wells describes its significance as the spiritual and political center of ancient Israel. The chapter discusses the city’s geographical features, such as its location on a series of hills and its position relative to the surrounding regions. Key sites within Jerusalem are highlighted, including the Temple Mount, where Solomon’s Temple and later Herod’s Temple stood. The book also explores the historical evolution of Jerusalem’s layout and its central role in various biblical events.
2. The Temple Mount
The Temple Mount in Jerusalem is depicted as a crucial site for Jewish worship and biblical history. Wells provides details about its significance, describing the Temple's construction by Solomon and its subsequent destruction and rebuilding. The chapter covers the architectural and religious importance of the Temple Mount, as well as its impact on Jewish religious practices and its symbolism in Christian and Islamic traditions.
3. Bethlehem
Bethlehem is identified as the birthplace of King David and, according to the New Testament, the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Wells discusses the town’s geographical location and its significance in biblical prophecy. The chapter also covers Bethlehem’s role in the lineage of David and its importance in Christian theology.
4. Jericho
Jericho is famous for the biblical account of the Israelites’ conquest of the city, where the walls fell after the Israelites marched around them for seven days. The book provides an overview of Jericho’s geographical location near the Jordan River and its strategic importance. It also discusses archaeological evidence related to the ancient city’s ruins and how they correspond to the biblical account.
5. The Jordan River
The Jordan Rive...
Contents custom overview -
Sorcerers: The world of shadows as a rival to the world of light; sacerdotal representations of the dark world; diabolic manifestations in religious life; the sorcerer as the priest of the demoniacal church; preparation for the Sabbath; the Sabbath itself; evocation of demons; books of the sorcerers; pacts with demons; concrete notions about demons from old authors; involuntary demoniacs; possession by demons; necromancy and the evocation of the dead; spells; philtres and death spells; and the punishment of sorcerers.
Magicians: The Jewish and Christian cabbalists; astrology and the macrocosm; astrology and the microcosm; metoposcopy, or the science of the frontal lines; physiognomy; cheiromancy; cartomancy and the Tarot; the divinatory arts, including rhabdomancy or the art of using the divining rod; the mystery of sleep and clairvoyance; the curative virtues of invisible forces; and talismans.
Alchemists: The secret doctrine; alchemic materials and the operations of the work; and the laboratory of the alchemists and the puffers.
Illustrations in the Text: 318 listed illustrationa from book below (couldnt fit them all due to Academias lame rules on abtract word count limits!! but i digress -
• "The Alchemic Sun and Moon Linked by the Dragon" (p. 8), "The Last Judgment" (p. 26), "The Miracle of Theophilus" (p. 27), "The Last Judgment" (p. 28), "The Movement of Hell" (p. 30), "The Torments of the Damned" (p. 31), "The Last Judgment" (p. 31), "The Last Judgment" (p. 32), "The Just Delivered from Limbo" (p. 33), "The Descent of Jesus into Hell" (p. 34), "St. Michael Trampling on the Dragon" (p. 34), "Demons and Angels Contending for the Soul of a Dying Man" (p. 35), "The Punishment of Judas Iscariot" (p. 37), "The Apparition of the Devil" (p. 38), "Hell" (p. 39), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 41), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 42), "The Temptation of St. Anthony (Known as the 'Little Temptation')" (p. 44), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 45), "The Temptation of St. Anthony (Known as the 'Great Temptation')" (p. 46), "Antichrist" (p. 48), "The Fear of Witchcraft" (p. 51), "The Witch" (p. 54), "The Four Witches" (p. 56), "The Four Witches" (p. 56), "Compounding the Sorcerer’s Unguent" (p. 57), "The Consecration of the Fork" (p. 58), "The Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 58), "An Assembly of Witches" (p. 59), "A Feast of Witches" (p. 60), "The Abomination of the Sorcerers" (p. 61), "An Assembly of Witches" (p. 62), "Interior of a Witches’ House" (p. 64), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 65), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 66), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 67), "Witches Transformed into Animals" (p. 68), "Transformation of Sorcerers" (p. 69), "The Brocken Mountain" (p. 73), "Arrival at the Sabbath" (p. 74), "Sorcerers Paying Homage to the Devil" (p. 75), "Satan Pronounces a Discourse to Sorcerers" (p. 75), "Satan Demands a Pact from Novice Sorcerers" (p. 75), "The Sabbath" (p. 77), "The Sabbath" (p. 78), "Sabbath, or the Gathering of Sorcerers" (p. 79), "A Demon Making Love to a Witch" (p. 80), "Sorcerers Presenting a Child to the Devil" (p. 81), "Feast of Sorcerers at the Sabbath" (p. 81), "Sorcerers at the Sabbath Dancing to the Sound of the Violin" (p. 81), "Dancing at the Sabbath" (p. 81), "Acrobatic Dance at the Sabbath" (p. 82), "Acrobatic Dance of a Sorcerer" (p. 82), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 83), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 83), "Sorcerer Riding on a Goat" (p. 83), "Witch Riding a Goat" (p. 83), "Children Admitted to the Sabbath for the First Time" (p. 84), "The Imprint of the Devil’s Claw" (p. 84), "Satan Makes His Future Disciples Tread Upon the Cross" (p. 85), "Satan Gives the Adepts a Black-Book in Exchange for the Gospels" (p. 85), "Satan Baptizes the Sorcerers Anew" (p. 85), "Satan Strips the Sorcerers of Their Clothing" (p. 86), "The Ritual Kiss of the Sabbath" (p. 87), "The Sabbath" (p. 87), "The Evocation of Demons" (p. 88), "The Evocation of Demons" (p. 88), "The Tower of the Witches at Lindheim" (p. 89), "The Demon Belial Presenting His Credentials to Solomon" (p. 89), "The Demon Belial Dancing Before Solomon" (p. 89), "Belial and Four Other Demons Appearing Before Solomon" (p. 90), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Triangle of the Pacts" (p. 92), "The Magic Circle and the Accessories for Evocation" (p. 93), "Another Magic Circle and Pentacle of Solomon" (p. 94), "Pentacle for Conjuring Infernal Spirits" (p. 95), "The Great Pentacle" (p. 96), "Faustus" (p. 97), "The Operation of Uriel Seraphim" (p. 98), "Specimen of the Book of Spirits" (p. 99), "The Devil Forces a Pact Upon Those Who Have Made Him Appear" (p. 100), "Autograph Pact of Urbain Grandier" (p. 101), "A Demon Carrying Away a Child Under the Eyes of Its Parents, Who Had Promised It to Him by Pact" (p. 102), "Paracelsus" (p. 103), "Paracelsus" (p. 103), "A Witch Causing a Monster to Appear Before Marcomir, King of the Franks" (p. 104), "Paraphernalia of Sorcery Used by Henri III in His Satanic Operations" (p. 105), "The Castle of Vincennes and Its Keep in the Seventeenth Century" (p. 106), "Satan on His Throne" (p. 107), "Faust and Mephistopheles" (p. 108), "The Demons Theutus and Asmodeus, and the Incubus" (p. 109), "Official Portraits of Dignitaries of Hell" (p. 130), "The Devil Bearing Treasures" (p. 131), "The Demon Ashtoreth" (p. 132), "The Demon Baal" (p. 132), "The Demon Belphegor" (p. 132), "The Demon Eurynome" (p. 132), "The Demon Amduscias" (p. 132), "The Demon Asmodeus" (p. 132), "Apparition of a Demon with Human Head and a Dragon’s Body" (p. 133), "The Devil Appearing at a Cross-Roads in the Form of a Goat" (p. 134), "Faust and the Spaniel" (p. 135), "Apparition of a Demon in the Form of a Camel" (p. 136), "The Demon Behemoth" (p. 137), "Demon and Witch Changed into a Wolf and a Cat" (p. 138), "Reading the Black-Book" (p. 138), "The Devil Causing Women to Babble During Mass" (p. 140), "Demons Noting Down the Babbling of Gossips During Mass" (p. 140), "Disrespectful Conduct of the Devil to a Frivolous Woman" (p. 141), "M. Berbigier" (p. 142), "M. Berbigier Consulting the Tarot Through the Medium of Two Cartomancers, Who Bewitch Him" (p. 143), "Rhotomago and the Goblins Suggesting that M. Berbigier Shall Enter Their Fellowship" (p. 143), "Dramatic Scene Between M. Berbigier and the Fireman" (p. 144), "The Demon Sucubus and the Woman’s Self-Fulfilling Prophecy" (p. 145), "The Beautiful Women Whom the Sorcerers Make Love to" (p. 146), "The Demons as Ravishers" (p. 147), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 148), "The Devil Fearing the Sword of St. Michael" (p. 148), "The Devil Fearing the Sword of St. Michael" (p. 149), "M. Berbigier Consulting the Tarot Through the Medium of Two Cartomancers, Who Bewitch Him" (p. 149), "The Devil Appearing in the Form of a Cow" (p. 150), "The Devil Appearing in the Form of a Man" (p. 150), "A Satanic Convocation" (p. 151), "A Satanic Convocation" (p. 152), "Witches’ Sabath with the Devil" (p. 153), "A Woman Holding a Bundle of Demons" (p. 154), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 155), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 156), "The Satanic Sabbaths" (p. 157), "The Devil Carrying Off Souls in His Bag" (p. 158), "Satan Making a Triumph Over the Sorcerers" (p. 158), "The Sorcerers Presenting Their Pacts to Satan" (p. 158), "The Demons Causing the Witches to Dance in a Circle" (p. 159), "Satan Receiving the Pacts of the Sorcerers" (p. 159), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 160), "A Woman Receiving the Secret of the Demon from an Old Sorcerer" (p. 161), "A Woman Being Unclothed by the Demon in Order to Accomplish the Sorcery" (p. 162), "The Demons Showing the Sorcerers the Vision of the Future" (p. 162), "The Devils Showing the Future" (p. 163), "The Devils Revealing the Future" (p. 164), "The Devil Showing His Power" (p. 164), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 164), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 165), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 166), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 166), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 167), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 168), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 168), "The Devil and the Witches" (p. 168), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 169), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 170), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 171), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 172), "The Devil Making the Witches Dance in a Circle" (p. 172), "The Devil Making the Witches Dance in...
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I.Mythological texts to The Creation LEGENDS - page 1
1. The Babylonian Cosmogony According to Damascius ... 44
2. Marduk's Role in Creation (The Enuma Elish) ...44
3. The Creation of the Moon and the Sun ... 46
4. Another Version of the Creation of the World by Marduk (So-called "Bilingual of Creation") ...47
5. The Creation of Cattle and Beasts ....50 6. An Incantation Against Toothache ....52
7. An Assyrian Building Inscription with Cosmological References ...58
8. An Address to the River of Creation ....60
9. The Legend of the Seven Evil Demons ...63
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II. PRIMITIVE REVELATION AND THE EARLY KINGS
1. Primitive Revelation (Berossos) .....76
2. The Story of the Flood (The Gilgamesh Epic) .... 80
3. The Babylonian Flood Story ...103
4. Another Ancient Babylonian Deluge Fragment ...08
5. The Babylonian Deluge According to Berossos ...109
6. The Destruction by Fire .....112
7. The Legend of Atrahasis .......113
8. Ishtar's Descent to the Underworld ..121
9. The Legend of Sargon, King of Agade ...135
III. HYMNS, PRAYERS, AND WISDOM LITERATURE
1. Hymn to the Moon God ..... 141
2. Hymn to Ramman, the Weather God ....... 147
3. Processional Hymn to Marduk .......0
4. A Prayer of the Raising of the Hand to Ishtar .................. 153
5. Hymn to Ishtar ..... 161
6. Fragment of Wisdom Literature (The So-called Babylonian Job) ....... 164
7. An Incantation with Ethical Contents .....170
8. Fragment of Wisdom Literature .........175
9. A Prayer for Restoration ......... 178
10. Hymn to Tammuz (Noah) ........179
11. Hymn to Tammuz (Noah) (Second Version) .................. 182
12. A Prayer for a Favorable Dream ....... 185
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V. LITURGICAL AND DOCTRINAL TEXTS
1. The Supposed Babylonian Sabbath ...189
2. The Gods of the Months ...........192
3. The Doctrine of Substitution ..........195
4. The Scapegoat Ritual .......196
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V. CHRONOLOGICAL MATERIALS
1. The Babylonian King List A ......201
2. The Babylonian King List B .........202
3. A Chronicle Concerning Sargon and Other Early Babylonian and Assyrian Rulers ....03
4. The Babylonian Chronicle ......208
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VI. HISTORICAL TEXTS
1. The Code of Hammurabi ......... 243
2. The Tell-el-Amarna Period (1400 B.C.) .....252
3. Ashurnazirpal (885-860 B.C.) .......... 283
4. Shalmaneser III (859-825 B.C.) .....88
5. Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.) .....308
6. Sargon II (722-705 B.C.) ...... 323
7. Sennacherib (704-682 B.C.) ....... 332
8. Esarhaddon (680-668 B.C.) and Ashurbanipal (668-625 B.C.) .....349
9. Nebuchadrezzar (604-562 B.C.) ...... 360
10. Nabonidus, Belshazzar, and Cyrus ..... 371
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VII. LEGAL TEXTS
1. A Kudurru, or Boundary Stone ....387
2. A Certificate of Adoption .........393
3. A Marriage Contract ..........394
4. The Code of Hammurabi ..............395
The book as a whole is a comprehensive collection of ancient Mesopotamian texts, organized into several thematic chapters that offer insights into the parallels between these texts and the Old Testament.
The Creation Legends section begins with an exploration of Babylonian cosmogony, focusing on the role of the god Marduk in creation, and includes various versions of creation stories, such as the "Enuma Elish" and others detailing the formation of the moon, sun, cattle, and beasts. This chapter also delves into related myths, including incantations and an Assyrian building inscription that includes cosmological references.
The next chapter, Primitive Revelation and the Early Kings, examines ancient beliefs about divine revelation and the early rulers of Mesopotamia. It includes several versions of the Flood story, fragments from the Gilgamesh Epic, and legends such as the story of Atrahasis, Ishtar's descent to the underworld, and the tale of Sargon, King of Agade.
Hymns, Prayers, and Wisdom Literature presents a collection of religious texts, including hymns dedicated to various deities like the Moon God, Ramman, and Marduk. This section also includes prayers, fragments of wisdom literature, and ethical incantations, offering a window into the spiritual life and moral concerns of the ancient Mesopotamians.
In the Liturgical and Doctrinal Texts chapter, the focus shifts to religious practices and doctrines, including the supposed Babylonian Sabbath, the worship of gods associated with different months, and rituals such as the doctrine of substitution and the scapegoat ritual.
The Chronological Materials section provides historical context with king lists and chronicles that detail the reigns of various Babylonian and Assyrian rulers. These texts are crucial for understanding the political history of Mesopotamia and its influence on the region.
Historical Texts is a chapter that includes significant legal and administrative documents, such as the Code of Hammurabi and inscriptions from the Tell-el-Amarna period. It also features annals and inscriptions from notable kings like Ashurnazirpal, Shalmaneser III, Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabonidus, Belshazzar, and Cyrus, providing a detailed account of their reigns and military campaigns.
Lastly, Legal Texts offers a look at various legal documents, including boundary stones, certificates of adoption, marriage contracts, and the full text of the Code of Hammurabi. These texts illuminate the legal frameworks that governed ancient Mesopotamian society.
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CHAPTER I. (Page 1) Signs of the Times: This chapter discusses the social and political turmoil in Europe, including the decline of imperialism, discontent among the masses, and the weakening of monarchies. It highlights the spiritual and moral challenges of the era, such as political corruption, the liquor curse, and demands from atheists, alongside a growing Christian activism and the spread of moral reforms.
CHAPTER II. (Page 39) The Father and the Son: Two-Fold Character of the Plan: Explores the theological indifference to prophecy and conflicting theories regarding the First and Second Advents of Christ. The chapter outlines God’s redemptive plan, beginning with the Garden of Eden and the promise of restoration, examining the role of justice, the inadequacies of blood sacrifices, and the anticipated restoration of spiritual Israel.
CHAPTER III. (Page 71) Israel and Judah in Prophecy: Analyzes the prophetic roles of Israel and Judah in the context of biblical promises. It considers historical retrospections and questions whether contemporary events signal the fulfillment of these prophecies. The chapter focuses on David’s throne, the concept of the latter-day Temple, and the spiritual restoration of Israel as its builder.
CHAPTER V. (Page 119) Spiritual Israel in the New World; The Tender Twig "Planted Upon an High Mountain": Examines the journey of the Puritans, their suffering, and eventual settlement in America, which is interpreted as the New Heavens and New Earth. It discusses the symbolic nature of biblical language, the role of America in prophecy, and the transformation of the land into a new Promised Land.
CHAPTER VI. (Page 139) The God-Appointed Name—America: Investigates the origin and significance of the name "America," challenging popular misconceptions and tracing its true meaning within a prophetic framework. The chapter connects America’s name and destiny with divine symbolism and the broader narrative of God’s plan.
CHAPTER VII. (Page 156) Material Endowments of the Land: Describes America as Israel's prophetic "place of their own," endowed with vast natural resources and free from wild beasts, making it a suitable home for a burgeoning population. The chapter emphasizes America’s role as a new Promised Land, rich in material blessings and opportunities.
CHAPTER VIII. (Page 171) The God of Heaven Shall Set Up a Kingdom: Chronicles the growth of America and the decline of monarchies, portraying America’s development as a theocratic republic in alignment with biblical prophecy. It discusses the emergence of a spiritual kingdom, opposing imperialism and advocating a divine governance model.
CHAPTER X. (Page 212) Death-Blow to Papacy and Imperialism: Pivotal Point of the Ages: Explores the decline of the Papacy and imperial powers, considering it a pivotal moment in history. The chapter examines prophetic timelines, the rise of secularism, and the profound impact of events like the French Revolution on the spiritual landscape.
CHAPTER XI. (Page 245) Fiery Trials and Judgments for Cleansing the Kingdom: Discusses the ongoing judgments and purifications necessary for the establishment of God's Kingdom. It addresses the "tares among the wheat," the wrath of God manifested through plagues and earthquakes, and the cleansing of the land and temple. The chapter highlights the desperate opposition from infidels and corrupt rulers, the church's responsibility in societal decay, and the foretold trials that will refine the faithful.
CHAPTER XII. (Page 267) Binding the Dragon for a Thousand Years: Examines the symbolic "binding of the dragon" from the Book of Revelation, interpreted as the restraint of Satan's influence during a millennium of peace. The chapter discusses various interpretations of key symbols, such as the dragon, abyss, and key, while exploring the elements of this final conflict between spiritual Israel and imperialism. The period of Satan’s quiescence is presented as a divinely ordained time for the flourishing of God’s Kingdom.
CHAPTER XIII. (Page 278) Behold, He Cometh with Clouds to Take the Kingdom: Analyzes the prophetic vision of Christ's return, described as coming "with clouds" to establish His Kingdom. The chapter interprets this imagery as symbolic of divine presence and judgment, emphasizing the global impact of His return. It discusses the apathy of the contemporary church, the gathering of the elect, and the fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan, leading to a new moral and spiritual epoch.
CHAPTER XIV. (Page 301) The Millennial Glory: Describes the reign of Christ during the millennium, emphasizing a period of peace, righteousness, and divine favor. The chapter discusses Paul's vision of the millennial kingdom, the restoration of creation, and the elimination of curses and sorrow. It portrays a world transformed by holiness, faith, and the healing of the nations, where death is ultimately defeated, and humanity experiences the fullness of God’s blessings.
CHAPTER XV. (Page 324) The New Jerusalem: Explores the symbolic meaning of the New Jerusalem, rejecting a literal interpretation in favor of a profound spiritual truth. The chapter delves into the language of gems used to describe the city, drawing connections to ancient symbolism and expressing the ultimate unity between God and His people. It highlights the descent of the Holy City as a present reality for the faithful, with more to come as God’s plan unfolds.
CHAPTER XVI. (Page 334) The Release of the Dragon; Christ’s Personal Coming in Judgment: Concludes with the prophetic release of the dragon, symbolizing a brief resurgence of evil before its final defeat. The chapter discusses the division of the Apocalypse, the renewal of the old spiritual war, and the consignment of Satan to the abyss. It ends with the victorious return of Christ in judgment, the resurrection of the saints, and the ultimate restoration of all things under God’s eternal reign
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Prophecy, divine judgment, biblical prophecy, Israel and Judah, God's Kingdom, millennial reign, end times, second advent, spiritual Israel, David's throne, latter-day temple, apocalyptic vision, God's plan, redemption, biblical symbolism, New Jerusalem, Christ's return, divine restoration, Christian theology, spiritual warfare, religious prophecy, end of imperialism, Satan's defeat, binding of the dragon, holy city, spiritual revival, God's judgment, resurrection of saints, New Heavens and Earth, spiritual awakening, faith and redemption, Christian morality, theological discourse, kingdom of God, apocalyptic literature, millennial kingdom, prophetic timeline, spiritual purification, trials of faith, God's deliverance, final judgment, biblical eschatology, divine governance, spiritual Israel in prophecy, second coming, God's eternal reign, kingdom of heaven, prophetic fulfillment, eschatological themes, end-time events, spiritual symbols, Christian prophecy, divine intervention, religious symbolism, apocalypse, prophetic vision, spiritual rebirth, resurrection, divine justice, theological reflection, spiritual endurance, end-time prophecy, God's promise, final victory, divine covenant, Christian eschatology, apocalyptic prophecy, spiritual destiny, Davidic kingdom, prophetic scripture, messianic prophecy, Christ's millennial reign, spiritual truth, biblical restoration, end of days, prophetic fulfillment, apocalyptic events, divine providence, faith and prophecy, God's people, spiritual Israel in America, prophecy and fulfillment, symbolic interpretation, prophetic events, eschatological prophecy, apocalyptic signs, divine plan, holy scriptures, spiritual promises, Christian salvation, prophetic signs, biblical end times, divine kingdom, Christ's second coming, prophetic insights, spiritual interpretation, Christian faith, divine protection, God's kingdom on earth, apocalyptic revelations, millennial prophecy, end of the world, Christian prophecy, divine foreknowledge, biblical themes, prophetic warnings, spiritual awakening, eschatology, biblical justice, God's holy word, prophetic visions, divine wrath, kingdom prophecy, spiritual kingdom, divine authority, Christ's victory, spiritual Israel, divine prophecy, holy prophecy, Christian revelation, divine will, kingdom of Christ, apocalyptic theology, prophetic insight, divine truth, biblical predictions, holy covenant, God's divine plan, kingdom of heaven, end-time prophecy, spiritual revelations, Christian prophecy and doctrine, apocalyptic future, spiritual renewal, prophetic destiny, divine restoration, holy city of Jerusalem, spiritual Israel in prophecy, end times and prophecy, messianic kingdom, biblical prophecy and theology, holy scriptures and prophecy, divine prophecies, Christ's return in glory, God's final judgment, end of Satan's reign, divine intervention in history, prophetic timeline and events, spiritual destiny of Israel, God's chosen people, end-time events in prophecy, biblical symbolism and prophecy, prophetic literat...
south-western Asia that for the study of its growth the early history of those lands is more important than the barbarous life which Celts, Germans, and others lived within the limits of Europe. Europeans, who wish to follow the history of their own development from its origins, must first of all become acquainted with the civilizations of Egyptian, Sumerian, Hittite, Semitic and other peoples of north-eastern Africa and south-western Asia, and therefore our first volume is concerned mainly with these peoples. Behind the civilizations of Babylon and Egypt lies a vast and
still little known tract of time during which man was gradually toiling up towards that relatively high stage of civilization he had reached when he first appears to us in his written records. The discoveries which have rewarded the geologists, geographers, and anthropologists of the last few decades have made it feasible to attempt a reconstruction of the story of man in Europe and its environs throughout those prehistoric millenniums. The story of the land-masses prior to the formation of the present con- tinental system can in some measure be written down and its significance apprehended. It is not out of place to recall that the written history of one of the peoples of Palestine, which represents only the unscientific ideas of an early age, was up to very recent times thought by learned men to furnish an authentic account of the beginnings of the earth and the human race.
(SEE book for exact page numbers ) Below is a retype of the original complete contents in all parts to Illustrations etc)
Table of Contents
Chapter I: Primitive Man in Geological Time
By John L. Myres, , Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, Oxford
Definition of History; Nature and Man; Pre-glacial Geography; The sea of Tethys; Tertiary mountain-building; Crust movements; Beginning of the Mediterranean; Tertiary flora and fauna; Africa separated from Asia; The Highland Zone; Relation to the Southern Flatland; African fauna; The Glacial Crisis; Effect upon flora and fauna; The principal human races; Mongoloid man and his extension; African fauna and African man; Sequence of human types; The white races; Palaeolithic Man in the South and East; The Nile Valley; Domesticated plants and animals; Links between Egypt and Europe; Man in Syria and Arabia; The Semites; Palestine; The Euphrates and Mesopotamia; The Ice Age in the Near East; Conditions in Armenia and Iran; The Ice Age in Europe; Mousterian man; Later types; Later Palaeolithic cultures; The Close of the Old Stone Age; The kitchen-middens; Swamp and forest in north-west Europe.
Chapter II: Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures
By T.L. Myres
The Highland Zone and Alpine Man; The forests; Varieties of man; Forest culture and polished implements; Characteristics of Neolithic culture; Inventions; Eurasian and Eurafrican cradle-lands; Pottery and pottery styles; Regional types of Neolithic culture: Alpine, The lake-dwelling; Regional types: the Danube Basin, Danubian pottery, South-eastern Europe and Asia Minor; Regional types: the Tripolje culture; The culture of the north-eastern steppe; Waggon-dwelling culture; Languages; The culture of Anau and Susa; Contact with the west; The red-ware culture of the Nearer East; The influence of Cyprus and Syria; The culture of the eastern Mediterranean; Early Aegean culture; The culture of the western Mediterranean and its 'Megalithic' origins; The culture of the Beaker-folk; The coming of Bronze; Aegean influence; The Hallstatt culture; The horse; First appearance of iron; Cremation and its offshoots.
Chapter III: Exploration and Excavation
By R.A. Stewart Macalister, Litt.D., F.S.A., Professor of Celtic Archaeology, University College, Dublin
The Relation of Archaeology to History; Petrie's pottery test; Egypt: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; Mesopotamia: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; Syria and Palestine: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; The Hittite Empire; The Aegean Civilization; The work of Schliemann; Periods of Cretan culture; Cyprus; Decipherment of Cypriote.
Chapter IV: Chronology
By Stanley A. Cook, Litt.D., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Introduction; Mesopotamian usage; The limmu lists; The testimony of Berosus; Assyrian data; Dates of Hammurabi and Sargon; Table of dates; The Old Testament; Character of data; Period of the monarchy; Exilic and post-exilic period; Pre-monarchical period; General character of the chronology; Table of dates; Egyptian Chronology; Direct sources; Sothic cycle; Date of Menes; Date of the XIIth Dynasty; Date of the calendar, 4241 B.C.; Table of dates; Prehistoric Greece; Archaeological periods; Early and Middle Minoan; Late Minoan; Greek legend and tradition; Helladic and Minoan co-ordinations; Thessalian periods.
Chapter V: The Semites
By S.A. Cook
People, Language, and Movements; Geographical limits; The 'sons' of Noah: Shem; The Semitic languages; The alphabet; Migrations and trading movements; Semitization of immigrants; Influence of Arabia; Temperament and Thought; Psychology of the languages; Religious characteristics; Polytheism and Monotheism; Semitic and non-Semitic thought; The extremes of the Semites; Social and political development; The haal; Attitude to the divine powers; Fundamental ideas; Men and the gods; The sanctity of kings; Historical vicissitudes; Treatment of history; Treatment of tradition; Attitude to development; The writing of history; Historical ideas; Syria and Palestine; The story of Sinuhe; Amor and Mesopotamia; Amorite gods; The Hyksos; Native Palestinian traditions; Genesis, chap. xiv; Paucity of historical material.
Chapter VI: Egypt: The Predynastic Period
By T. Eric Peet, M.A., Professor of Egyptology, Liverpool University
The Evidence of the Cemeteries; Predynastic burial; Predynastic settlements; Pottery and stone vases; Physical type, language, and religion; Data for history; Introduction of the Calendar; Sources for the predynastic period; Historical slate palettes; Ivory knife-handle from Gebel el-Arak; Original home of the predynastic Egyptian; Indications of eastern origin.
Chapter VII: The Union of Egypt and the Old Kingdom Dynasties
By H.R. Hall
The lists of kings; Sources; Infiltration of aliens; Hamites and Armenoids; Kingdoms of the north and south; Pre-Menic kings; The origins of Menes; Narmerza; The court of Semti; The dead and mummification; Dynasties II-IV; Zoser and the first pyramid; The age of Snefru; Pyramids of Gizeh; Zenith of Egyptian art; Mycerinus; The close of the Old Kingdom; The 'son of the Sun-god'; Art and religion; The 'admonitions of Ptahhotep'; Unis and the pyramid at Sakkarah; Pepi; Uni in Palestine; Entrance of negroes; The Heracleopolites.
Chapter VIII: The Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Conquest
By H.R. Hall
Dynasties XI and XII; Amenemhet I and the god Amon; The Instructions of Amenemhet; The story of Sinuhe; The works of Senusret (Sesostris) I; Relations with Crete; Senusret III, the historical Sesostris; Amenemhet III; The Hyksos; North Syrian movements; Yekeb-hal, Khian, and other kings; Expulsion of the Hyksos; The internal conditions of the age; Life of the people; Officials and soldiers; Tombs and religion; The priesthood; Religious literature; A Messianic prophecy.
Chapter IX: Life and Thought in Egypt under the Old and Middle Kingdoms
By T.E. Peet
General Egyptian character; The archaic period and the Old Kingdom; Local and solar cults; Osiris; The Ka; The tomb, death, and the hereafter; The earlier intermediate period, VII to Xth dynasties; Language and writing; Early literature; Pessimism; The Middle Kingdom; Moral standards; 'Story of the Eloquent Peasant'; Coffin Texts; Belief in a judgment; Hike, magic, and morality.
Chapter X: Early Babylonia and Its Cities
By Stephen H. Langdon, M.A., B.D., Ph.D., Professor and Shillito Reader in Assyriology, Oxford
Physical characteristics; The Euphrates and Lower Mesopotamia; Sumer and the date-palm; The origin of the Sumerians; The cultures of Anau and Susa; Earliest traditional dynasties; The first city-states; The third dynasty of Kish; The fourth dynasty of Kish; Sumerian writing and religion; Records of the city-states; Lagash; Enkhegal and Ur-Nina; Shuruppak and its legends; The dynasty of Ur-Nina, 3100 B.C.; Eannatum and Enannatum; Entemena and his son; Rise of priests of Lagash; Social reforms of Urukagina; Inroad of Lugal-zaggisi; Other cities; Umma; Adab; Nippur; Isin and Larak; Kish; Cuthah; Sippar; Erech; Larsa (Ellasar); Ur; Abu Shahrein (Eridu); Myth of Adapa; Ashur.
Chapter XI: The Dynasties of Akkad and Lagash
By S.H. Langdon
The rise of the dynasty of Sargon; Stories of his origin; Conquests in the west; The foundation of Agade; Accession of Rimush; Manishtusu; Contemporary monuments; Purchase of estates; Naram-Sin and the decline of the dynasty; Deification of Naram-Sin; His conquests; Expedition to Magan; The 'Stele of Victory'; Submission of Elam, Lagash, and Nippur; Reign of Shargalisharri; The rise of Gutium; Period of anarchy; Gutium and Lagash; The kings of Gutium; Ur-Bau of Lagash; The kingdom of Gudea of Lagash; The statues of Gudea; Contemporary art and literature; Overthrow of the dynasty of Gutium.
Revised Content in Paragraph Form
The Sumerian Revival: The Empire of Ur by S. H. Langdon
I. Ur-Engur and Dungi: Might of Ur-Engur, Conquests in the east, Submission of Susa. II. Lagash and other cities of the Empire: Sumerian liturgies, The principal cults, Conditions in Akkad. III. The eastern provinces: Early deities of the east, Semitic infusion. IV. The northern and western extension: Ashur, Subartu, Cappadocia and its Semitic colony. V. The decline of Sumerian power: Bur-Sin, Gimil-Sin, Ibi-Sin and his overthrow, Sumerian law and calendar, The influence of the Sumerians.
Isi...
Furthermore, "Sefer ha-brit ha-hadashah" serves as a testament to the historical interactions between Jewish and Christian scholars. Its publication highlights the complex dynamics of interfaith dialogue during the 19th century, where translations like this were not merely academic exercises but were often imbued with the hope of fostering understanding and dialogue between two religious communities with shared scriptural roots
In sum, the 1847 Hebrew translation of the New Testament is a significant cultural and theological document that encapsulates the complexities of religious interaction and interpretation in a period of profound change. Its existence underscores the ongoing quest for mutual respect and deeper comprehension across different faith traditions.
And deeper hermeneutically speaking this is a Hebrew translation of the New Testament, involves interpreting the text within the context of its language, cultural background, theological implications, and its intended audience—primarily Jewish readers. This translation carries significant hermeneutical considerations due to its unique positioning between Jewish and Christian traditions.
**1. Linguistic and Cultural Context:
Hebrew Language: Translating the New Testament into Hebrew brings the text into a linguistic context deeply rooted in Jewish history, religion, and culture. Hebrew words and phrases are loaded with meanings that go beyond the immediate text, drawing connections to the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and Jewish liturgy.
Jewish Audience: The translation was likely intended for Jewish readers, many of whom were familiar with the Hebrew Bible but not the New Testament. The hermeneutical challenge here is to make the Christian message understandable and relatable within a Jewish framework without losing the original meaning of the Greek text.
2. Theological Context:
Messianic Expectations: The Hebrew translation emphasizes the messianic identity of Jesus (Yeshua), a central theme in the New Testament. In Hebrew, the title "Mashiach" (Messiah) is laden with expectations derived from Jewish eschatology. This might lead to a different reception of Jesus' role compared to the Greek or English versions, where "Christos" or "Christ" may not carry the same cultural weight.
Fulfillment of Prophecy: The New Testament often portrays Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. In Hebrew, these connections are made more explicit, as the language naturally aligns with the prophetic texts. For instance, prophecies in Isaiah or Psalms quoted in the New Testament might resonate more strongly in Hebrew, making the case for Jesus as the Messiah more compelling to Jewish readers.
3. Hermeneutical Strategies:
Bridging Jewish and Christian Worlds: The translation acts as a bridge between Jewish and Christian hermeneutics, attempting to present the New Testament as a continuation and fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible. This involves careful translation choices that respect Jewish sensibilities while conveying Christian doctrines.
Allegorical and Typological Interpretation: The Hebrew text might encourage Jewish readers to see the New Testament in light of traditional Jewish methods of interpretation, such as allegory and typology. For example, just as Jewish hermeneutics often finds deeper meanings in Biblical narratives, the Hebrew New Testament might be read with an eye toward hidden or symbolic meanings that align with Jewish thought.
4. Challenges and Controversies:
Potential Resistance: Jewish readers might approach this text with skepticism, given the long history of Christian missionary efforts among Jews. The hermeneutical challenge is to present the text in a way that is respectful and persuasive, without alienating its intended audience.
Intertextuality: The Hebrew translation invites readers to compare the New Testament with the Hebrew Bible, potentially leading to different interpretative outcomes than those reached by readers of the Greek or English versions. For instance, the use of Hebrew idioms and references could highlight or obscure certain theological points, depending on the reader's familiarity with Jewish texts.
5. Impact on Interpretation:
Enhanced Jewish-Christian Understanding: For Jewish readers, the Hebrew translation could offer a new perspective on the New Testament, revealing connections to Jewish tradition that might be less apparent in other languages. This could lead to a richer, more nuanced understanding of Christian teachings.
Reinforcement of Christian Doctrine: For Christian readers familiar with Hebrew, this translation might reinforce the view that the New Testament fulfills the Hebrew Bible's promises, potentially deepening their faith by highlighting the continuity between the Testaments.
Conclusion:
The hermeneutics of "Sefer ha-brit ha-hadashah l'adonenu u'moshienu Yeshue ha-meshiah" involve navigating the complex interplay between language, culture, and theology. The Hebrew translation is not just a linguistic exercise but a profound attempt to present Christian scriptures in a way that resonates with Jewish thought and tradition. This effort to bridge Jewish and Christian worlds makes the text a unique and significant work in the history of biblical interpretation.
This is a super rare text for New Testament Linguistics and History and figured I would upload this to any if my followers that can read Hebrew and put this upload to the very front bc of the rarity of the document! Enjoy! Also encourage people to visit my New Alexandria libary of Texas page where I have other rare books
זהו טקסט סופר נדיר לבלשנות והיסטוריה של הברית החדשה וחשבתי שאעלה את זה לכל אחד אם חסידי שיכולים לקרוא עברית ולשים את ההעלאה הזו לקדמת הספירה של נדירות המסמך! נהנה! עודדו אנשים גם לבקר בדף הספרייה החדשה שלי באלכסנדריה בטקסס, שם יש לי ספרים נדירים אחרים
tags
1. Bible, 2. Scripture, 3. Torah, 4. Apostles, 5. Gospels, 6. Jesus, 7. Yeshua, 8. Messiah, 9. Christ, 10. Covenant, 11. Old Testament, 12. New Testament, 13. Hebrews, 14. Revelation, 15. Jude, 16. Paul, 17. Peter, 18. John, 19. Matthew, 20. Mark, 21. Luke, 22. Disciples, 23. Sermon, 24. Parables, 25. Prophets, 26. Prophecy, 27. Salvation, 28. Resurrection, 29. Crucifixion, 30. Trinity, 31. Grace, 32. Faith, 33. Epistle, 34. Sin, 35. Redemption, 36. Pentecost, 37. Baptism, 38. Eucharist, 39. Beatitudes, 40. Transfiguration, 41. Ascension, 42. Second Coming, 43. Apocalypse, 44. Armageddon, 45. Martyrdom, 46. Messiahship, 47. Eschatology, 48. Hermeneutics, 49. Exegesis, 50. Midrash, 51. Talmud, 52. Mishnah, 53. Halakhah, 54. Aggadah, 55. Kabbalah, 56. Zohar, 57. Shekinah, 58. Elohim, 59. Yahweh, 60. Adonai, 61. El Shaddai, 62. Jehovah, 63. Eloah, 64. YHWH, 65. Ruach, 66. Logos, 67. Shalom, 68. Amen, 69. Hosanna, 70. Alleluia, 71. Psalms, 72. Proverbs, 73. Ecclesiastes, 74. Song of Songs, 75. Lamentations, 76. Job, 77. Isaiah, 78. Jeremiah, 79. Ezekiel, 80. Daniel, 81. Hosea, 82. Joel, 83. Amos, 84. Obadiah, 85. Jonah, 86. Micah, 87. Nahum, 88. Habakkuk, 89. Zephaniah, 90. Haggai, 91. Zechariah, 92. Malachi, 93. Genesis, 94. Exodus, 95. Leviticus, 96. Numbers, 97. Deuteronomy, 98. Joshua, 99. Judges, 100. Ruth, 101. Samuel, 102. Kings, 103. Chronicles, 104. Ezra, 105. Nehemiah, 106. Esther, 107. Theophany, 108. Christophany, 109. Apocrypha, 110. Pseudepigrapha, 111. Septuagint, 112. Vulgate, 113. Targum, 114. Dead Sea Scrolls, 115. Qumran, 116. Masoretic Text, 117. LXX, 118. Tanakh, 119. Pentateuch, 120. Haggadah, 121. Seder, 122. Mishnaic Hebrew, 123. Aramaic, 124. Koine Greek, 125. Synoptic Gospels, 126. Parousia, 127. Apocalyptic Literature, 128. Book of Enoch, 129. Jubilee, 130. Melchizedek, 131. Nephilim, 132. Sons of God, 133. Anakim, 134. Rephaim, 135. Elohim, 136. Cherubim, 137. Seraphim, 138. Archangel, 139. Michael, 140. Gabriel, 141. Raphael, 142. Uriel, 143. Beelzebub, 144. Leviathan, 145. Behemoth, 146. Gog, 147. Magog, 148. Apollyon, 149. Antichrist, 150. Babylon, 151. New Jerusalem, 152. Zion, 153. Temple, 154. Tabernacle, 155. Ark of the Covenant, 156. Holy of Holies, 157. High Priest, 158. Levites, 159. Urim and Thummim, 160. Nazarite, 161. Shema, 162. Tefillin, 163. Mezuzah, 164. Kippah, 165. Tallit, 166. Shofar, 167. Menorah, 168. Chuppah, 169. Torah Scroll, 170. Tzitzit, 171. Yad, 172. Passover, 173. Yom Kippur, 174. Rosh Hashanah, 175. Hanukkah, 176. Purim, 177. Sukkot, 178. Shavuot, 179. Simchat Torah, 180. Havdalah, 181. Kabbalat Shabbat, 182. Kiddush, 183. Challah, 184. Kosher, 185. Kashrut, 186. Shechita, 187. Tzedakah, 188. Chesed, 189. Tikkun Olam, 190. Hoshana Rabbah, 191. Yom HaShoah, 192. Yom HaZikaron, 193. Yom Ha'atzmaut, 194. Yom Yerushalayim, 195. Aliyah, 196. Diaspora, 197. Exile, 198. Return to Zion, 199. Israel, 200. Judah, 201. Ephraim, 202. Manasseh, 203. Judah Maccabee, 204. Hasmoneans, 205. Zealots, 206. Sadducees, 207. Pharisees, 208. Essenes, 209. Scribes, 210. Sanhedrin, 211. Synagogue, 212. Sabbath, 213. Jubilee Year, 214. Year of Release, 215. Shmita, 216. Shofarot, 217. Yovel, 218. Jericho, 219. Mount Sinai, 220. Mount Zion, 221. Mount Moriah, 222. Galilee, 223. Nazareth, 224. Bethlehem, 225. Gethsemane, 226. Golgotha, 227. Jordan River, 228. Dead Sea, 229. Red Sea, 230. Sea of Galilee, 231. Mount of Olives, 232. Western Wall, 233. Masada, 234. Capernaum, 235. Bethsaida, 236. Caesarea Philippi, 237. Joppa, 238. Antioch, 239. Ephesus, 240. Corinth, 241. Rome, 242. Athe...
The book offers a detailed examination of key historical figures, monumental achievements, and the socio-economic structures that defined Babylonian life. Goodspeed's work is notable for its thorough analysis of Babylon's contributions to science, literature, and law, including the famed Code of Hammurabi. Through a meticulous review of archaeological findings, historical records, and contemporary scholarly interpretations, Goodspeed presents a nuanced and authoritative narrative of one of history's most influential civilizations.
This rare volume is indispensable for historians, archaeologists, and scholars interested in ancient Mesopotamia, providing an in-depth understanding of how Babylon shaped the ancient world and its lasting impact on subsequent cultures
INTRODUCTION
PART I: THE CITY-STATES OF BABYLONIA AND THEIR UNIFICATION
• The Lands of the Euphrates and Tigris - Page 3
• The Excavations in Babylonia and Assyria - Page 14
• The Language and Literature - Page 25
• Chronology and History - Page 35
• The City States of Babylonia and Their Unification Under Babylon to 2000 B.C.
• I. Dawn of History - Page 49
• II. Movements Toward Expansion and Unification - Page 59
• III. Civilization of Old Babylonia: Political and Social - Page 69
• IV. Civilization of Old Babylonia: Literature, Science, Art, and Religion - Page 86
• V. The Times of Khammurabi of Babylon, 2300-2100 B.C. - Page 95
PART II: THE RISE OF ASSYRIA AND ITS STRUGGLES WITH BABYLONIA
• The Kassite Conquest of Babylonia and the Appearance of Assyria, 2000-1500 B.C. - Page 121
• The Early Conflicts of Babylonia and Assyria, 1500-1150 B.C. - Page 131
• Civilization and Culture in the Kassite Period - Page 143
• The Times of Tiglath-pileser I, 1100 B.C. - Page 155
PART III: THE ASCENDANCY OF ASSYRIA
• The Ancient World at the Beginning of the First Millennium, 1000 B.C. - Page 185
• and the Conquest of Mesopotamia, 885-860 B.C. - Page 203
• The Advance into Syria and the Rise of Urartu: From Shalmaneser II to the Fall of His House, 860-745 B.C. - Page 223
• The Assyrian Revival: Tiglath-pileser III and Shalmaneser IV, 745-722 B.C. - Page 265
• The Assyrian Empire at Its Height: Sargon II, 722-705 B.C. - Page 285
• The Struggle for Imperial Unity: Sennacherib, 705-681 B.C. - Page 293
• Imperial Expansion and Division: Esarhaddon, 681-668 B.C. - Page 305
• The Last Days of Splendor: Ashurbanipal, 668-626 B.C. - Page 317
• The Fall of Assyria, 626-606 B.C. - Page 327
PART IV: THE NEW BABYLONIAN (OR CHALDEAN) EMPIRE
• The Heirs of Assyria and the Rise of Babylon - Page 337
• Nebuchadnezzar and His Successors - Page 351
• Babylon Under the Chaldeans - Page 365
• The Fall of Babylon - Page 377
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY - Page 385
BIBLIOGRAPHY - Page 393
INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS - Page 405
INDEX OF OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES - Page 422
Frontispiece: The World of Oriental Antiquity
Plans of Nineveh and Babylon - Opposite page 278
Tags
Ancient History, Babylonian Empire, Assyrian Civilization, Mesopotamian Culture, Euphrates River, Tigris River, Cuneiform Script, Code of Hammurabi, Sumerian Myths, Akkadian Legends, Neo-Babylonian Dynasty, Chaldean Kings, Sumerian Religion, Babylonian Astronomers, Assyrian Art, Mesopotamian Gods, Babylonian Mathematics, Assyrian Military Tactics, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Ancient Near East, Akkadian Language, Mesopotamian Trade, Babylonian Science, Assyrian Architecture, Sumerian Inventions, Babylonian Law Codes, Assyrian Kings, Chaldean Astronomers, Mesopotamian Myths, Babylonian Magic, Assyrian Reliefs, Sumerian Temples, Babylonian Economy, Assyrian Historical Records, Mesopotamian Agriculture, Sumerian Kings, Babylonian Legends, Assyrian Empire Collapse, Mesopotamian Rituals, Akkadian Myths, Babylonian Cultural Practices, Assyrian Conquests, Sumerian Writing Systems, Mesopotamian Beliefs, Babylonian Calendars, Assyrian Tablets, Chaldean Priests, Sumerian Economy, Mesopotamian History, Babylonian Inscriptions, Assyrian Warfare, Sumerian Music, Chaldean Astronomy, Mesopotamian Society, Babylonian Artifacts, Assyrian Temples, Sumerian Artifacts, Akkadian Culture, Babylonian Dynasty, Assyrian Religion, Mesopotamian Civilization, Sumerian Legends, Babylonian Society, Assyrian Kingship, Chaldean Society, Mesopotamian Warfare, Babylonian Contributions, Assyrian Trade Routes, Sumerian Rituals, Akkadian Literature, Babylonian Religion, Assyrian Artifacts, Chaldean Kingdoms, Sumerian Texts, Mesopotamian Ritual Practices, Babylonian Gods, Assyrian Expansion, Akkadian Deities, Sumerian Beliefs, Babylonian Mythology, Assyrian Art History, Mesopotamian Technology, Babylonian Social Structure, Chaldean Empire, Sumerian Society, Akkadian Economy, Babylonian Conquests, Assyrian Engineering, Mesopotamian Chronicles, Sumerian Science, Chaldean Literature, Babylonian Kingship, Assyrian Monuments, Mesopotamian Artifacts, Akkadian Kings, Babylonian Architecture, Sumerian Social Hierarchy, Assyrian Historical Records, Chaldean Mathematics, Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Babylonian History, Sumerian Contributions, Akkadian Astronomical Records, Assyrian Empire Structure, Mesopotamian Language, Babylonian Royalty, Chaldean Conquests, Sumerian Astronomy, Akkadian Social Structure, Babylonian Knowledge, Assyrian Rituals, Mesopotamian Dynasties, Sumerian Myths and Legends, Babylonian Rituals, Assyrian Cultural Practices, Akkadian Histories, Mesopotamian Festivals, Babylonian Historiography, Chaldean Social Structure, Sumerian Religion Practices, Akkadian Astronomical Records, Assyrian Artifacts and Relics, Babylonian Administrative Systems, Mesopotamian Historical Texts, Sumerian Knowledge, Chaldean Astronomy and Science, Assyrian Dynasties, Babylonian Trade Practices, Akkadian Religion, Mesopotamian Myths and Legends, Sumerian Administrative Systems, Chaldean Military Tactics, Babylonian Contributions to Science, Assyrian Writing Systems, Mesopotamian Economic Systems, Akkadian Literary Works, Sumerian Astronomy and Mathematics, Babylonian Governance, Chaldean Kingship, Assyrian Social Structure, Mesopotamian Innovations, Sumerian Contributions to Culture, Babylonian Ritual Practices, Akkadian Historical Records, Assyrian Empire History, Chaldean Contributions, Mesopotamian Texts and Inscriptions, Sumerian Art and Culture, Babylonian Calendar Systems, Akkadian Innovations, Assyrian Religious Practices, Mesopotamian Political Structures, Chaldean Artifacts, Sumerian Astronomy and Science, Babylonian Knowledge Systems, Akkadian Cultural Practices, Assyrian Trade and Commerce, Mesopotamian Contributions to Civilization, Chaldean Social Hierarchy, Sumerian Science and Mathematics, Babylonian Ritual Texts, Akkadian Language and Literature, Assyrian Contributions to Science, Mesopotamian Art and Culture, Chaldean Administrative Systems, Sumerian Beliefs and Practices, Babylonian Innovations, Akkadian Historical Accounts, Assyrian Myths and Legends, Mesopotamian Administrative Systems, Chaldean Political Structures, Sumerian Technological Achievements, Babylonian Royal Inscriptions, Akkadian Contributions to Culture, Assyrian Astronomy and Mathematics, Mesopotamian Scientific Contributions, Chaldean Historical Texts, Sumerian Administrative Texts, Babylonian Cultural Practices, Akkadian Religious Texts, Assyrian Innovations, Mesopotamian Scientific Records, Chaldean Society and Culture, Sumerian Historical Records, Babylonian Knowledge and Learning, Akkadian Rituals, Assyrian Cultural Contributions, Mesopotamian Rituals and Festivals, Chaldean Contributions to Astronomy, Sumerian Scientific Texts, Babylonian Social Practices, Akkadian Contributions to Science, Assyrian Historical Texts, Mesopotamian Innovations in Science, Chaldean Social Practices, Sumerian Contributions to Astronomy, Babylonian Contributions to Mathematics, Akkadian Technological Innovations, Assyrian Social Hierarchy, Mesopotamian Textual Traditions, Chaldean Science and Technology, Sumerian Historical Texts, Babylonian Art and Artifacts, Akkadian Scientific Contributions, Assyrian Administrative Systems, Mesopotamian Science and Technology, Chaldean Innovations in Science, Sumerian Ritual Texts, Babylonian Cultural Innovations, Akkadian Contributions to Mathematics, Assyrian Scientific Records, Mesopotamian Innovations in Astronomy, Chaldean Technological Achievements, Sumerian Textual Traditions, Babylonian Social Hierarchy, Akkadian Historical Records and Texts, Assyrian Ritual Practices, Mesopotamian Cultural Contributions, Chaldean Ritual Texts, Sumerian Technological Innovations, Babylonian Scientific Contributions, Akkadian Ritual Practices, Assyrian Innovations in Science, Mesopotamian Cultural Innovations, Chaldean Historical Records, Sumerian Scientific Contributions, Babylonian Innovations in Astronomy, Akkadian Social Practices, Assyrian Textual Traditions, Mesopotamian Technological Achievements, Chaldean Contributions to Mathematics, Sumerian Ritual Practices, Babylonian Scientific Records, Akkadian Contributions to Astronomy, Assyrian Historical Contributions, Mesopotamian Ritual Innovations, Chaldean Scientific Innovations, Sumerian Historical Innovations, Babylonian Contributions to Culture, Akkadian Technological Records, Assyrian Ritual Texts, Mesopotamian Historical Contributions, Chaldean Innovations in Mathematics, Sumerian Textual Innovations, Babylonian Social Innovations, Akkadian Scientific Texts, Assyrian Cultural Contributions, Mesopotamian Technological Contributions, Chaldean Ritual Practices, Sumerian ...
The book discusses several themes:
• Genealogy and Descent: Wilson traces the lineage of the British people, particularly the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic races, back to the tribes of Israel that were scattered after the Assyrian conquest. He highlights similarities in customs, language, and symbols between the ancient Israelites and the British people.
• Cultural Parallels: Wilson identifies various cultural practices and institutions in Britain that he claims have their roots in ancient Israel. He explores the influence of Mosaic law on British legal systems, religious festivals, and royal symbols, suggesting a direct link to Israelite tradition.
• Biblical Prophecy: Wilson argues that the rise and prominence of the British Empire fulfill specific Old Testament prophecies concerning the descendants of Israel. He interprets key biblical texts as pointing to Britain’s special place in divine history.
• Etymology and Linguistics: The book explores linguistic evidence, tracing the etymology of names and places in Britain to Hebrew origins. Wilson presents these as proof of an ancient Israelite presence in the British Isles.
The lectures combine theological reflection with historical investigation, aiming to prove that the modern British race is not only descended from the Israelites but also that its global role is part of God’s divine plan, as outlined in biblicalprophecy.
Our Israelitish Origin is a unique contribution to 19th-century thought, seeking to explain Britain’s national identity through the lens of biblical history
Table of Contents
Lecture I: The Vision of Abraham
• Introduction to the central theme of the Israelites and their origins in biblical prophecy.
Lecture II: The Relation of Abraham's Posterity to the Three Grand Races of Mankind
• Examining the connections between the descendants of Abraham and the major divisions of humanity.
Lecture III: The Land of Israel
• A study of the geographical and spiritual significance of Israel in relation to God's covenant.
Lecture IV: The Promises Made to the Fathers
• Discussion of the divine promises made to the patriarchs of Israel and their fulfillment.
Lecture V: The Training and Education of the Patriarchs
• An analysis of how the early leaders of Israel were shaped for their divine mission.
Lecture VI: The Training of Israel Under the Judges and Kings
• Exploration of Israel’s development during the periods of the Judges and Kings.
Lecture VII: Israel and Judah
• The division of the nation into Israel and Judah and the subsequent destinies of each.
Lecture VIII: The Certainty of the Recovery of Israel
• Prophecies and assurances regarding the return and restoration of Israel.
Lecture IX: The Escape of Israel
• Historical accounts of how the tribes of Israel were scattered and preserved.
Lecture X: The Early Connection of Britain with Eastern Lands
• Investigating the historical ties between Britain and the Eastern regions, including Israel.
Lecture XI: The Historical Connection of the Languages of Europe
• Tracing linguistic connections between European languages and ancient Hebrew.
Lecture XII: The Breaking Up of the Assyrian Empire
• The collapse of the Assyrian Empire and its impact on the Israelite tribes.
Lecture XIII: The Progress of Israel Westward
• An exploration of the westward migration of Israel's tribes, leading toward Europe.
Lecture XIV: "Set Thee Up Waymarks"
• The biblical instruction to set markers, interpreted as symbolic of Israel’s journey west.
Lecture XV: The State of Europe Subsequent to the Northern Signs of Rome
• The condition of Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire, and its connection to Israel.
Lecture XVI: Israel's Grave—The Saxon's Birthplace
• A discussion of the burial of Israel’s past and the rise of the Saxons, linking the two.
Lecture XVII: Social and Political Relations of the Anglo-Saxons
• An examination of the political structures and societal norms of the Anglo-Saxons in relation to Israel.
Lecture XVIII: Anglo-Saxon Arts
• The achievements and contributions of the Anglo-Saxons in various arts and how these reflect Israelite influence.
Lecture XIX: French Testimony as to the English Constitution and History
• French perspectives on the English system of governance and its historical roots.
Lecture XX: A Summary of the Evidence for Our Israelitish Origin
• A concise summary of the arguments and evidence supporting the theory of British-Israelism.
Lecture XXI: Providence and Prophecy
• How divine providence and biblical prophecy align with the idea of British-Israelism.
The Rediscovery of Our Israelitish Origin
A detailed exploration of how modern British people rediscovered their Israelite origins.
Index of Books, Authors, and Subjects
• A comprehensive index of sources referenced in the text.
Index of Scripture Texts
• A listing of biblical passages discussed in the book.
tags below :
Anglo-Saxon, Israel, migration, prophecy, history, ancient, civilization, biblical, Wilson, Mesopotamia, diaspora, culture, heritage, Jerusalem, Palestine, tribes, Dacia, Sarmatia, Scythia, Gaul, Germania, Mediterranean, Assyria, Europe, lost tribes, Gospel, Incense, mercy-seat, altar, shewbread, candlestick, laver, burnt offerings, Isaiah, Revelation, Genesis, historical migration, symbolism, iconography, manuscript, alchemy, demonology, sacred geography, wisdom, lore, ancient wisdom, biblical beasts, empires, kingdoms, legends, Christian history, Templars, Sumeria, Egypt, translation, sacred text, origins, anthropology, archaeology, relics, artifacts, myths, folklore, theories, identity, race, ethnicity, ancient maps, cartography, historiography, philosophy, metaphysics, spirituality, esotericism, Christian eschatology, literature, linguistics, genealogies, folklore studies, comparative mythology, Semitic studies, Indo-European, history of ideas, culture studies, ancient Near East, wisdom literature, scrolls, papyrus, translations, sacred spaces, shrines, pilgrimage, sacred landscapes, lost knowledge, hermeneutics, allegory, symbolism, archetypes, moral lessons, parables, prophets, seers, ancient civilizations, dynasties, oral traditions, written records, inscriptions, ancient languages, etymology, biblical geography, prophecy interpretation, early Christianity, Paul, apostles, saints, ancient conflicts, political history, societal structures, ancient trade routes, migration patterns, cultural diffusion, historical analysis, texts, discourse, sacred histories, ancient philosophies, narrative structures, legends of origin, cultural anthropology, historiographic metafiction, historical revisionism, Zionism, divine right, providence, Anglo-Israelism, racial theories, cultural identity, ethnocentrism, sacred narratives, religious studies, ancient societies, hidden history, ancient scripture, apocrypha, pseudepigrapha, legendary histories, numismatics, sacred rites, temples, ancient festivals, rituals, beliefs, folk customs, national identity, cultural memory, ancient archives, historical context, textual criticism, scholarly debate, cultural appropriation, cultural syncretism, historiography, narrative analysis, visual culture, religious iconography, ancient epics, oral history, contemporary relevance, ethnographic studies, biblical literacy, spiritual journeys, faith traditions, pilgrimage routes, hagiography, saints' lives, Christian dogma, theological interpretations, modern implications, cultural resilience, revival movements, prophetic literature, theosophy, scripture interpretation, intercultural dialogue, diaspora studies, exodus, exiles, transcultural connections, biblical prophecy, exegesis, historical geography, sacred texts, intertextuality, divine mission, spiritual heritage, holy lands, prophetic vision, mysticism, ancient symbolism, ethnography, historical narratives, sacred sites, ancient prophecy, oracles, prophecy fulfillment, cultural exchange, migration theory, academic discourse, sociocultural evolution, modern implications, identity politics, cultural artifacts, ancient belief systems, ideological constructs, faith and reason, cultural landscapes, historical geography, cross-cultural perspectives, biblical allusions, literary traditions, historical context, and truth.Interdisciplinary studies, mythic structure, genealogy, cross-referencing, ancient alliances, historical significance, legendary origins, sectarian movements, sacred texts, spiritual narratives, cultural heritage, prophetic lineage, societal change, folk tales, ancient warfare, historical documentation, textual analysis, religious factions, ancient traditions, cultural evolution, archaeological findings, esoteric knowledge, sacred history, historical theology, cultural resilience, historiographical methods, ancient wisdom traditions, migration theories, syncretism, ancient legal systems, social stratification, historical linguistics, divine intervention, ethnic identity, ancient sciences, cultural interactions, intellectual heritage, spiritual teachings, archaeological methodologies, historical patterns, ancient empires, cross-cultural influences, narrative traditions, faith systems, social history, textual preservation, intergenerational knowledge, pilgrimage practices, ideological movements, ancient manuscripts, cultural narratives, textual heritage, biblical studies, ancient cosmology, historical perspectives, belief systems, cultural dynamics, historical frameworks, cultural synthesis, scholarly inquiry, sacred texts, apocalyptic literature, sacred geography, theological frameworks, mythological figures, ancient sects, literary traditions, intercultural exchanges, prophetic traditions, ancient manuscripts, historic...
book presents a theological examination of the Christian doctrine of Heaven and its implications for believers. Drawing inspiration from John 14:2, where Jesus promises His disciples that “In my Father's house are many mansions,” Faber offers an in-depth exploration of what these mansions signify for the Christian understanding of the afterlife. His work is both a biblical exegesis and a philosophical discourse, aiming to clarify how different states of blessedness are granted to souls based on their earthly conduct and relationship with Christ.
The central thesis of the book revolves around the idea that Heaven is not a monolithic state but a diverse realm where each soul’s experience is unique, according to the life it has led on earth. Faber delves into the nature of divine justice and mercy, asserting that while salvation is available to all who sincerely seek it, the degree of spiritual reward differs among individuals. Each "mansion" in Heaven reflects the spiritual capacity and preparation of the individual, aligning with the idea that God’s grace is both just and merciful, providing both universal salvation and distinct rewards. Faber emphasizes that these distinctions in reward are not arbitrary but stem from a just God who recognizes the different paths and struggles that souls have undergone.
In his discourse, Faber carefully analyzes biblical references beyond the famous passage from John, examining Old Testament and New Testament prophecies that describe the nature of the afterlife. He connects the imagery of mansions with other scriptural references to eternal life, such as the Kingdom of God and the New Jerusalem, which represent the ultimate dwelling places of the faithful. By situating his argument within the broader theological framework of Christian eschatology, Faber shows how the promise of mansions in Heaven offers not just a future hope but also a moral and spiritual guide for living in the present.
Faber also explores the role of Christ in preparing these mansions, focusing on the theological significance of Jesus' role as mediator and redeemer. Christ’s sacrifice on the cross and His ascension are seen as acts that enable believers to attain these heavenly dwellings. Faber’s interpretation suggests that the process of entering these mansions is a personal one, reliant on an individual’s relationship with Christ. This offers a more intimate understanding of Heaven, where personal faith and moral conduct determine the eternal state of the soul.
Faber's text is not only a speculative theological treatise but also a practical guide for Christians seeking to live in light of eternal promises. He urges believers to consider their daily lives as preparation for eternity, where their spiritual growth, faithfulness, and love for God will ultimately determine the “mansion” they will inherit. In doing so, Faber balances the hope of eternal life with the responsibility of living a righteous life on earth, aiming to inspire a sense of purpose rooted in the Christian promise of Heaven.
TagsHeaven, afterlife, mansions, many mansions, divine justice, divine mercy, eternal life, salvation, Christian doctrine, Gospel of John, John 14:2, Christ's promise, heavenly reward, spiritual life, soul’s journey, eschatology, biblical exegesis, divine grace, God’s love, New Testament, Old Testament, New Jerusalem, heavenly abodes, redemption, mediator, savior, righteousness, faith, moral conduct, Christ’s sacrifice, cross, resurrection, ascension, Christian philosophy, theology, biblical analysis, biblical prophecy, scriptural interpretation, Kingdom of God, eternal rest, heaven’s rewards, celestial homes, spiritual preparedness, Christian salvation, eternal kingdom, Christ the Redeemer, paradise, spiritual mansions, divine order, heavenly realm, godly justice, Christ the Mediator, eternal promise, Christian hope, religious reward, sanctification, Christian life, godly conduct, Christ’s role, heavenly paradise, Christian teaching, Christian eschatology, doctrinal theology, heaven’s mystery, God’s mansion, the Father's house, degrees of glory, life beyond death, Christian afterlife, sacred dwelling, heaven and earth, eternal bliss, eternal peace, spiritual mansion, rewards in heaven, divine realms, spiritual journey, heaven’s mysteries, God’s kingdom, ascended Christ, eternal joy, heavenly justice, divine wisdom, faithfulness, holy abode, spiritual dwelling, promise of eternity, salvation through faith, righteousness rewarded, eternal home, godly mansion, eschatological themes, life eternal, divine providence, scriptural truths, sanctified life, the Father’s house, Heaven’s gates, heaven’s treasures, Christ the King, celestial rewards, religious teachings, Christ’s redemption, heavenly love, life everlasting, heaven’s truths, hope in God, Christian faith, eternal destiny, God’s mansion, eternal soul, spiritual journey, eternal kingdom, divine grace, spiritual destiny, path to Heaven, heaven’s beauty, glory of God, heaven’s mercy, Christian eternity, heaven’s realm, life with Christ, promise of life, heavenly rewards, eternal destiny, heaven’s light, God’s promise, divine fulfillment, spiritual salvation, God’s glory, faith and salvation, eternity with God, ascension of Christ, divine reward, God’s plan, salvation’s rewards, Jesus’s sacrifice, heavenly life, Father’s mansion, eternity with Christ, life with the Father, promise of Heaven, biblical heaven, Christian rewards, heaven’s blessings, spiritual peace, godly realm, life in heaven, rewards for the faithful, promise of salvation, divine love, salvation through Christ, eternal promise of Heaven, heaven’s mysteries, life after death, faithful living, hope of eternal life, the Christian hope, God’s will, faith in Christ, Heaven’s beauty, Heaven’s glory, sanctified soul, blessed life, heavenly journey, heavenly glory, eternal promises, life beyond the grave, Christ’s mission, divine promises, heavenly treasures, the Father’s Kingdom, heavenly light, heavenly vision, biblical promise, heaven’s wonders, Christian paradise, life with God, the Father’s love, heavenly places, eternal hope, heaven’s power, light of heaven, promise of peace, faithful living in Christ, God’s grace, spiritual life with Christ, life in God’s hands, divine order, hope of heaven, divine vision, Christian destiny, everlasting life, spiritual fulfillment, heaven’s plan, Christ’s preparation, life beyond death, heaven’s promise, heavenly home, Father’s mansion in Heaven.
Plumptre dives into controversial subjects like Christ’s descent into Hell, the nature of the "spirits in prison" referenced in 1 Peter 3:19, and the nuances of the afterlife found in both the Old and New Testaments. He engages with various theological perspectives, including Protestant and Roman Catholic views on salvation, hell, and eternal damnation, offering fresh interpretations of these themes.
What sets this book apart is Plumptre’s ability to synthesize historical traditions, scriptural foundations, and contemporary theological thought from his era, engaging readers with complex discussions on topics like conditional immortality and the "wider hope" for salvation. His treatment of prayers for the dead and the Athanasian Creed’s "damnatory clauses" provides a critical and thoughtful analysis of long-held beliefs. This book is an invitation to reflect deeply on the mercy of God, the role of divine justice, and the eternal fate of souls, making it a work of enduring theological significance.
- CONTENTS -
• The Old Testament in its Bearings on the Life After Death
• The Teaching of the New Testament as to the Life After Death
• The Descent into Hell
• I. Historical Tradition
• II. The Scriptural Foundation
• The Eschatology of the Early Church
• The Modern Anathemas of Romanists and Protestants
• The Salvation of the Heathen
• The History of the Wider Hope in English Theology
• Modern German Thought in its Relation to Eschatology
• Prayers for the Dead
• The Doctrine of Purgatory
• Conditional Immortality
• The Teaching of Bishop Butler as to the Life After Death
• Correspondence with a Roman Catholic Priest
• The Word "Eternal"
• The Damnatory Clauses of the Athanasian Creed
• The Activities of the Intermediate State
TAGS :
Spirits in prison, life after death, eschatology, Christian theology, divine justice, purgatory, Christ’s descent into hell, salvation of souls, prayers for the dead, spiritual redemption, eternal damnation, biblical interpretation, conditional immortality, the wider hope, intermediate state, theological debates, Roman Catholic views, Protestant eschatology, eternal life, judgment after death, the fate of the heathen, Old Testament on death, New Testament teachings, spiritual resurrection, damnatory clauses, the Athanasian Creed, historical eschatology, German theological thought, modern theology, universal salvation, Christ's preaching to spirits, redemptive suffering, purgatorial doctrine, divine mercy, moral theology, eternal punishment, spiritual imprisonment, scriptural foundations, redemption in the afterlife, unbaptized souls, mercy of God, Christ's descent, the harrowing of Hell, posthumous salvation, redemption of the damned, hope for the lost, the fate of sinners, compassionate theology, purgatory in Christian doctrine, prayers after death, resurrection theology, spiritual judgment, final judgment, universal reconciliation, God’s justice and mercy, hope for non-Christians, divine forgiveness, hellfire, spiritual purification, last rites, theological inquiry, the soul’s journey, eternal rest, resurrection of the dead, intermediate eschatology, soul’s immortality, theological explorations, salvation for all, eternal torment, ecclesiastical dogma, divine pardon, ancient theological views, contemporary theological thought, post-death existence, the great judgment, mercy in the afterlife, wider Christian hope, mercy beyond the grave, judgment day theology, spiritual awakening, the afterlife debate, mercy versus justice, salvation after the grave, spiritual endurance, second chances after death, heavenly hope, traditional eschatology, divine reconciliation, the lost and found, light beyond death, the pit of Sheol, theology of resurrection, eternity’s gates, spiritual transition, posthumous faith, early Christian views, salvation history, death and rebirth, afterlife interpretations, spiritual cleansing, repentance beyond the grave, forgiving the damned, Old Testament resurrection views, New Testament eschatology, universalist thought, the doctrine of posthumous repentance, reimagining Hell, spiritual ransoming, the victory over death, crossing spiritual realms, divine reckoning, Christ’s triumph over the dead, cosmic reconciliation, second death, spiritual justice, liberation of souls, mercy for the condemned, final awakening, spiritual prison release, ultimate redemption, the fires of purification, second judgment, scriptural interpretations of Hell, resurrection hope, spiritual rescue, forgotten souls, God's eternal plan, hidden mysteries of afterlife, transcendence of death, liminal state, exoneration of souls, eschatological hope, divine wrath or mercy, keys to death, Christ’s keys of death, spiritual renewal, Christian eschatological views, beyond the grave, ancient purgatorial beliefs, redemption's reach, bound souls, trapped spirits, freeing the lost, the world of shadows, theology of despair, freedom in Christ, spiritual exodus, bound and unbound, ancient views of Hell, spiritual imprisonment doctrine, Christ's triumphant descent, lost souls' redemption, reawakening after death, the realm of the forgotten, ultimate liberation, redemption after darkness, imprisoned spirits in theology, gates of eternity, celestial judgment, divine salvation plan, spiritual realms of Hell, harrowing depths, voices from the dead, final divine mercy, eschatological mystery, life beyond judgment, the long night of souls, ancient burial rites, the release from damnation, absolution beyond life, second chance theology, posthumous redemption, salvation's final act, the prison of despair, Christ’s final victory, souls unbound, Christ in the underworld, spiritual pilgrimage after death, the way out of Hell, God’s hidden plan, beyond earthly life, spiritual trials in death, judgment of the righteous and wicked, the soul’s ascension, eternity’s mysteries, the long road to heaven, spiritual despair and redemption, pathways to the afterlife, Christian thoughts on the imprisoned dead, the harrowing of Sheol, divine healing for souls, the afterlife’s mysteries, release from spiritual bondage, theological inquiry into Hell, gates of heaven and hell, mysterious salvation, Christian mysteries of death, the release of the damned, triumphant grace, the liberation of spirits, spiritual regeneration, Christian eschatology reimagined, the salvation of the heathen, the ultimate second chance, the spiritual crossing, the justice of mercy, the great pardon, the divine mystery of salvation, timeless spiritual journey, life eternal reconsidered, spiritual victory after death, merciful redemption after life, exploring posthumous salvation, ultimate divine mercy, and hope for all souls.
Drawing from theological, philosophical, and anecdotal sources, Jung-Stilling examines the interaction between the material and spiritual worlds, proposing that supernatural events, when correctly interpreted, can offer insight into divine providence. He delves into the moral and psychological aspects of these experiences, emphasizing the need for discernment to differentiate between true spiritual experiences and delusions or deceptions. In essence, Theory of Pneumatology is an attempt to provide believers and skeptics alike with a structured approach to understanding phenomena that are often dismissed or misinterpreted, encouraging a balanced view that honors both faith and
Spirits, angels, demons, apparitions, visions, miracles, presentiments, faith, reason, scripture, theology, supernatural, mysticism, eschatology, metaphysics, divine providence, spiritual experiences, biblical visions, prophecy, afterlife, Christian faith, spiritual realm, pneumatology, religious philosophy, divine intervention, spiritual beings, dreams, revelations, prophetic insight, sacred texts, miracles in Christianity, religious experiences, supernatural in scripture, metaphysical theology, spiritual discernment, rational theology, spiritual phenomenology, metaphysical analysis, theological reasoning, spiritual insight, historical apparitions, moral theology, angelic apparitions, demonology in scripture, Christian mysticism, spirit world, divine revelations, biblical apparitions, sacred visions, metaphysical speculation, eschatological visions, prophetic dreams, revelation in scripture, spiritual perception, religious psychology, discernment of spirits, divine knowledge, mystical knowledge, Christian doctrine, spiritual warfare, Christian supernaturalism, philosophical theology, spirit communication, divine providence in visions, divine inspiration, metaphysical realities, Christian worldview, theology of apparitions, scriptural mysticism, miraculous encounters, pneumatological studies, angelic encounters, supernatural experiences in history, religious visions and prophecy, scriptural analysis, angels in Christian tradition, theological metaphysics, theology of prophecy, Christian eschatology, supernatural insight, spiritual communication, metaphysical worldview, divine mysteries, divine inspiration in Christianity, supernatural beings, psychological theology, spiritual realism, divine providence, scriptural encounters with spirits, rational spirituality, religious phenomenology, divine knowledge and revelation, supernatural manifestations, Christian morality, Christian metaphysics, visions in history, spiritual knowledge, mystical encounters, theology of dreams, supernatural theology, divine dreams, biblical teachings on the supernatural, spiritual realism, theology of the soul, moral discernment, metaphysical beliefs, spirit encounters, prophetic spirituality, spirit visions, spiritual revelation, metaphysical studies, Christian pneumatology, philosophy of religion, rational pneumatology, pneumatology and scripture, divine visions in history, theological discernment, visions and dreams in Christianity, spiritual wisdom, metaphysical exploration, prophetic understanding, religious wisdom, visions of angels, metaphysical spirituality, scriptural encounters, supernatural occurrences, divine encounters, eschatological insight, prophetic visions, nature of the soul, spirit and matter, religious insight, spirit-world interactions, biblical metaphysics, mystical traditions, ancient wisdom, angelology, demonology in religion, philosophical metaphysics, metaphysical wisdom, spirit world interactions, Christian mysticism and reason, theology of spirits, religious esoterica, divine communications, philosophical pneumatology, Christian understanding of apparitions, spiritual ontology, ancient spiritual wisdom, Christian prophecy, rational faith, scriptural prophecy, supernatural studies, paranormal Christianity, eschatological wisdom, metaphysical mysteries, supernatural experiences and psychology, metaphysical encounters, divine messages, ancient religious visions, religious apparitions, theology and the paranormal, metaphysical knowledge, spiritual truths, paranormal theology, historical spiritualism, supernatural revelations, mystical realities, Christian spirituality, theological metaphysics, metaphysical wisdom, theological mysteries, ancient metaphysics, divine encounters in scripture, historical pneumatology, spiritual enlightenment, metaphysical wisdom traditions, Christian spiritual insight, eschatological encounters, supernatural phenomena, spiritual discernment in history, divine apparitions, divine revelations in history, metaphysical reality, divine providence in scripture, mystical insight, ancient esotericism, spirit messages, mystical traditions in Christianity, spirit-world manifestations, rational supernaturalism, Christian mysticism and metaphysics, mystical encounters in scripture, divine wisdom, religious encounters, mystical pneumatology, spiritual inspiration, historical theology of spirits, esoteric Christianity, divine perception, Christian mystical theology, metaphysical Christian insight, spiritual providence, ancient religious metaphysics, biblical divine revelations, metaphysical pneumatology, divine knowledge and reason, supernatural realities, theological spiritualism, angelic visions, spiritual apparitions, religious supernaturalism, metaphysical perceptions, religious metaphysics, divine perceptions, esoteric pneumatology, biblical angelology, theological esotericism, Christian esotericism, supernatural apparitions, metaphysical angelology, divine spiritual knowledge, mystical spiritualism, ancient spiritual encounters, esoteric spiritualism, religious esoteric wisdom, divine supernaturalism, theological revelations, ancient pneumatology, divine spiritual encounters, spiritual metaphysics, and esoteric mystical wisdom.
• 1 .Phoenician Cosmogonies (Page 50): This section examines the Phoenician creation myths, likely drawing from sources such as Sanchuniathon and Philo of Byblos, exploring their theological views and creation stories.
• 2. Sketch of the Ancient Cosmotheologies of the World (Page 56): Shaw provides a brief overview of the cosmogonies from different ancient cultures, summarizing their theological perspectives on the origins of the universe.
• 3. Hebrew Cosmogony in the Book of Genesis (Page 50): This section interprets the creation narrative in Genesis, analyzing the Hebrew worldview of creation and its comparison to other cosmogonies.
• 4. Origin of the Mosaic Dispensation (Page 178): Shaw reflects on the Mosaic Law and its impact on the Israelites, particularly focusing on the miracles and heroic figures in the Old Testament.
• 5. Inquiry into the Origin of Christianity (Page 230): This analysis covers the Gospels, the miracles of Jesus, and the Acts of the Apostles, attempting to reconcile the apparent duality in the narrative with an underlying unity in meaning.
1st treatise on Phoenician Cosmogonies in Cosmotheologies by Robert Shaw is organized as follows:
The section begins with a comprehensive exploration of Phoenician theology and cosmogonies, primarily through Philo of Byblos' Greek translation of Sanchuniatho's Phoenician History. This spans from pages 1 to 80. The text is divided into three main cosmogonies, each followed by commentaries.
First Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 1-3) – Shaw introduces the first cosmogony, setting the foundation for understanding Phoenician views of creation.
Commentary on the First Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 3-5) – Analyzes the symbolism and theological implications of the first cosmogony.
Second Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 5-9) – Describes another Phoenician creation myth.
Commentary on the Second Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 9-11) – Provides deeper insights and reflections on this version of Phoenician creation stories.
Figures in Phoenician Mythology (Pages 11-16) – This section covers important mythological figures such as Saminrum and Usoos (interpreted as allegories for Israel and Esau), alongside other characters like fishermen, agriculturists, demigods, and champions.
Bene-El and Cabiri (Pages 16-20) – Discusses the "Sons of God" and the Cabiri, who are often considered giants and dwarfs in ancient mythological traditions.
Third Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 20-23) – The third version of the Phoenician cosmogony is introduced here.
Genealogies (Pages 23-27) – Shaw presents various genealogies related to Uranos, Cronos, and other divine figures like Nereus, Pontos, and Poseidon.
Commentary on the Third Phoenician Cosmogony (Pages 27-30) – Further elaborates on the third cosmogony and its symbolic significance.
Phoenician Traditions (Pages 30-36) – Covers the traditions of the Syrians or Sidonians regarding the reign of Cronos, the invention of letters by Taut (Thoth), and later mythological developments.
Commentary on these traditions (Pages 32-36) – Provides critical reflections on the reign of Cronos, the invention of the alphabet, and sacrifices.
Extracts from Philo’s Works (Pages 36-41) – This section includes additional extracts concerning the originators of Phoenician theology, Taut (the god of letters), and the practice of human sacrifices.
Origin of the Phoenician or Hebrew Alphabet (Pages 41-46) – Shaw explores the development and origins of the alphabet, tying Phoenician history with Hebrew traditions.
The 2ND treatise on the Cosmogonies of :(Sketch of the Ancient Cosmotheologies of the World )
The Scandinavians.
The Chinese, Hindoos, Etc. ; Confucianism; Bkahminism; Buddhism.
The Iranians (Bactrians, Medes and Persians); Ormuzd and Ahriman, Zoroaster in the Zenda vesta.
The Babylonians or Chaldeans.
The Phoenicians.
The ^Egyptians.
The Pelasgians and Greeks of Heoric and Historic Times.
The Romans.
The Ancient Germans.
The Gauls and Britons or Ancient Celts.
The American Indians.
The Mahometans.
The 3RD +4th Treatise of the book Hebrew Cosmogony in the Book of Genesis
The section begins with the Connection of Genesis with Exodus (Pages 7-9), where Shaw examines the relationship between these two foundational books of the Torah. He then proceeds to discuss Who the Israelites of the Exodus Were (Pages 9-17), exploring the historical identity and lineage of the Israelite people who left Egypt under Moses' leadership.
The treatise continues with a detailed account of the Birth and Life of Moses Until He Receives His Commission at Sinai (Pages 17-21), outlining Moses' early life, his time in Egypt, and eventual flight to Midian. This is followed by an examination of Moses in Midian (Pages 21-23), where he resides after leaving Egypt, and Moses at the Burning Bush (Pages 23-25), the moment when Moses is called by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
Shaw then discusses Moses' Inability as in Himself (Pages 25-27), emphasizing Moses' reluctance and perceived inadequacies, and follows with Moses Accepting His Commission and Returning to Egypt (Pages 27-29), where Moses finally agrees to lead the Israelites. The next segment, The Miracles of Moses (Pages 29-37), describes the miraculous signs performed by Moses, including the plagues sent upon Egypt. Next, Shaw examines The Route of the Israelites in Their Exodus (Pages 37-38), analyzing the path they took after leaving Egypt. The dramatic event of The Israelites Passing the Red Sea, Wherein the Egyptians Are Drowned (Pages 38-39) is then recounted, followed by their journey to Marah, Elim, and the Wilderness of Sin (Pages 39-41). Shaw discusses Moses Drawing Water from the Rock at Rephidim and Joshua Discomfiting Amalek (Pages 41-42), highlighting two key episodes during the journey. The treatise moves on to the reunion between Moses and his father-in-law in Moses' Father-in-Law Comes Out to Meet Him (Pages 42-43), followed by The Israelites Going Forward to Mount Sinai (Pages 43-45). The giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai (Pages 45-48) is covered next, one of the most pivotal moments in the Hebrew scriptures. However, soon after, the Israelites Worship the Golden Calf at Sinai (Pages 48-53), a moment of great betrayal, after which Moses intervenes. The Tabernacle Set Up at Sinai (Pages 53-54) is discussed as a key institution in Israelite worship, followed by The Book of Leviticus (Pages 54-55), with an emphasis on the sacrificial laws and priestly codes. Shaw then reflects on The Sin of Blasphemy and the Year of Jubilee (Pages 55-58), considering the importance of the Sabbatical and Jubilee years in Israelite law. The next section delves into The Tabernacle (Pages 58-62), with a detailed description of its construction and significance. The Book of Numbers (Pages 62-64), examining the census, laws, and the Israelites' further journey. The Tabernacle Moved Forward from Mount Sinai (Pages 64-65) describes the people's migration from the holy mountain, followed by The People Murmur and Are Supplied with Manna and Quails (Pages 65-66), highlighting God's miraculous provision for His people. The final part addresses The Twelve Spies and the Sequel to Their Investigation (Pages 67-69), recounting the critical moment when the spies return from Canaan and its implications for the Israelites' future. The treatise begins with a Sentence Against the Rebellious Israelites (Pages 69-71), discussing God's judgment on those who defied Him during the wilderness wanderings. This is followed by the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (Pages 71-72), where these leaders challenge Moses' authority and face divine punishment. The next section recounts how Aaron's Rod Buds, and Miriam Dies at Kadesh (Pages 72-73), signifying God's choice of Aaron and the loss of Moses' sister. The Israelites move on, and Aaron Dies on Mount Hor (Pages 73-74), a key moment of transition in the priesthood. Shaw then discusses Balak, King of Moab, and Balaam, the Prophet (Pages 74-80), including Balaam’s prophecy and his role in Israel’s journey. After this, Israel in Moab (Pages 80-82) details the interactions and conflicts between the Israelites and the Moabites before they prepare to enter the Promised Land. The next treatise covers The Book of Deuteronomy and the Death of Moses on Mount Nebo (Pages 82-83), as Moses passes leadership to Joshua before his death. The Book of Joshua (Pages 83-85) follows with the Passage of the Jordan and the capture of Jericho and Ai (Pages 85-87), recounting Israel’s initial victories in Canaan. Shaw also highlights the Stratagem of the Gibeonites and Joshua’s Conquest of the Five Kings of the Amorites (Pages 87-90), leading to Joshua’s Conquest of the Whole Country (Pages 90-91). The section concludes with Joshua Addressing the People and His Death, as also the Death of Eleazar, the Priest, the Son of Aaron (Pages 91-92), marking the end of an era in Israelite leadership. The Book of Judges (Pages 92-93) begins with the Angel at Bochim, setting the stage for the cycle of judges who ruled Israel. Shaw covers notable judges like Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (Pages 93-94) and Deborah the Prophetess and Barak (Pages 94-95). The story of Gideon and His Exploits (Pages 95-99) is followed by the rise and fall of his family, including Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (Pages 99-100). Other judges, including Jephthah (Pages 100-101), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (Pages 101-102), are also briefly discussed. The narrative then turns to Samson, Judge and Hero, and His Exploits (Pages 102-110), recounting his legendary strength and battles with the Philistines. This leads to the First Book of Samuel and the Judgeship of Eli (Pages 110-111), which describes the decline of Eli’s house and the rise of Samuel the Prophet and Judge of Israel (Pages 111-118), who plays a pivotal role in transitioning I...
The book begins with the Creation, introducing readers to the foundational stories of Adam and Eve, the Fall of Man, and subsequent events like Cain and Abel and the Great Flood in the time of Noah. It continues with the Patriarchal history, detailing the lives of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, highlighting God’s covenants and promises to His chosen people.
The narrative proceeds to the Exodus and the leadership of Moses, including the dramatic Ten Plagues and Parting of the Red Sea, followed by the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. From there, it recounts the Wilderness Wanderings, the Conquest of Canaan under Joshua, and the period of the Judges, including the stories of Samson and Ruth.
Moving into the era of the Monarchy, the book covers the reigns of King Saul, David, and Solomon, focusing on the establishment of Israel as a kingdom and the building of the Temple in Jerusalem. The narrative also delves into the division of the kingdom into Israel and Judah, the prophetic ministries of Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and others, and the eventual exile of the Jewish people to Babylon.
In the New Testament portion, the book recounts the life, ministry, and teachings of Jesus Christ, including His miracles, parables, crucifixion, and resurrection. It then shifts to the founding of the early Christian church, with special focus on the missionary journeys and writings of St. Paul.
Finally, the book provides a continuation of events beyond the biblical narrative, up to the Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD by the Romans, a significant event in both Jewish and Christian history.
This concise yet comprehensive overview of biblical history offers readers a clear and organized view of key events, theological themes, and historical developments found in
Chapter I: From the Creation to the Deluge
This chapter opens with the Creation of the world, detailing the formation of the heavens, earth, and all living things, with Adam and Eve as the first humans. It recounts the early history of humanity, including the Fall in the Garden of Eden, which introduces sin into the world. Key stories include Cain and Abel, and the growing corruption of mankind, culminating in the Great Flood during the time of Noah, a divine judgment to cleanse the earth of its wickedness.
Chapter II: From the Deluge to the Confusion of Languages at Babel
After the floodwaters subside, Noah’s descendants begin to spread across the earth. This chapter focuses on the post-Flood repopulation of the earth, the Covenant of the Rainbow, and the rise of powerful human civilizations. It highlights the story of the Tower of Babel, where humanity, united by one language, attempts to build a tower to heaven, leading God to confound their language and scatter them across the world. This event marks the beginning of diverse cultures and languages.
Chapter III: From the Confusion of Languages to the Birth of Moses
This section traces the line of the patriarchs, starting with Abraham, who receives the promise of a great nation from God. It follows the stories of his son Isaac, grandson Jacob, and great-grandson Joseph, whose life in Egypt sets the stage for the future enslavement of the Israelites. The chapter culminates with the birth of Moses, the future leader who will liberate his people from Egyptian bondage.
Chapter IV: From the Birth of Moses to the Conquest of Canaan by the Israelites
The focus shifts to the life and mission of Moses, including the dramatic events of the Exodus from Egypt, the Ten Plagues, and the miraculous Parting of the Red Sea. Moses leads the Israelites through the wilderness, receiving the Ten Commandments from God at Mount Sinai. The chapter concludes with the Conquest of Canaan, where under the leadership of Joshua, the Israelites begin to take possession of the Promised Land.
Chapter V: From the Conquest of Canaan to the Monarchical Government
This chapter covers the transitional period after the conquest of Canaan, where the Israelites are ruled by Judges. Figures like Samson, Gideon, and Deborah lead the people in times of crisis. Eventually, the Israelites demand a king to rule them, marking the end of the judges and the beginning of the monarchical period in Israel’s history.
Chapter VI: From the Monarchical Government to the Revolt of Ten Tribes Under Jeroboam
Here, the narrative explores the establishment of the Israelite monarchy with King Saul, followed by the reigns of David and Solomon. After Solomon’s death, the kingdom splits into two: the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah, with Jeroboam leading the northern tribes in revolt against Solomon’s successor, Rehoboam.
Chapter VII: The Kingdom of Israel from its Foundation by Jeroboam to its Dissolution by Shalmaneser
This chapter chronicles the rise and fall of the northern kingdom of Israel. It details the rule of several kings, the worship of false gods, and the increasing apostasy of the nation. Eventually, Israel is conquered by the Assyrian King Shalmaneser, leading to the kingdom’s destruction and the exile of its people.
Chapter VIII: The Kingdom of Judah from the Accession of Rehoboam to its Final Catastrophe under Zedekiah
Focusing on the southern kingdom of Judah, this chapter spans the reigns of its kings from Rehoboam to Zedekiah. Despite periods of religious reform, Judah faces its own decline due to disobedience and idolatry. The narrative ends with Babylon’s conquest of Jerusalem, the destruction of the Temple, and the exile of the Jewish people under King Nebuchadnezzar.
Chapter IX: From the Return of the Jews out of Babylon to the Death of Nehemiah
This chapter covers the return of the Jewish exiles under leaders like Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah. It describes the rebuilding of the Temple and the walls of Jerusalem, as well as the religious reforms that reestablished the worship of God among the returning Jews.
Chapter X: Continuation of Jewish Affairs from the End of the Old Testament to the Birth of Our Saviour
A gap exists between the Old and New Testament periods. This chapter bridges that gap by summarizing key historical events during the Intertestamental period, including the Maccabean Revolt, the rise of the Roman Empire, and the political and religious developments leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ.
Chapter XI: From the Birth to the Ascension of Jesus Christ
This chapter narrates the life of Jesus Christ, focusing on His miraculous birth, His teachings, parables, and miracles, as well as His crucifixion and resurrection. It concludes with His ascension into heaven, marking the end of His earthly ministry.
Chapter XII: From the Ascension of Our Saviour to the Death of St. Paul
This chapter focuses on the growth of the early Christian church after Christ’s ascension. It highlights the missionary journeys of the Apostle Paul, the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, and Paul’s eventual martyrdom.
Chapter XIII: Continuation of the Jewish History from the Death of St. Paul to the Final Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans
The final chapter covers the events leading to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 AD, an event that marks a turning point in Jewish history and the early Christian church. It discusses the Jewish revolts and the fall of the Second Temple, concluding this compendious view of Scripture history.
And
The Sacred Mirror, or Compendious View of Scripture History (1806) i touches upon esoteric and sacred themes that are present within the Scriptures and their interpretations. The esoteric aspects of the book might not be overt but can be uncovered through a deeper reading of its content. Here are some sacred or esoteric themes present in the work:
1. Symbolism of Numbers
Throughout the Bible, numbers like 7, 40, and 12 hold deep symbolic meaning. The book would touch upon the significance of these numbers in biblical history, such as the 7 days of creation, the 40 days of rain in the flood, or the 12 tribes of Israel. In esoteric traditions, these numbers are often seen as embodying divine harmony, completeness, or trial and transformation.
2. Sacred Covenants
The book highlights God’s covenants with humanity, such as the Abrahamic Covenant or the Mosaic Covenant. Esoterically, these covenants represent more than just historical agreements—they symbolize humanity's spiritual evolution and connection with the divine. Covenants are seen as sacred contracts, implying hidden meanings about mankind’s role in the cosmic plan.
3. Prophetic Visions and Esoteric Interpretations
The narratives in the book surrounding figures like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel introduce prophetic visions that have been interpreted in both traditional and mystical ways. For example, Daniel’s vision of the four beasts or Isaiah’s vision of the seraphim often carry esoteric meanings relating to future events, divine justice, and the nature of heavenly beings.
4. The Destruction of the Temple
The book’s final chapters deal with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, which is a pivotal moment in both Jewish and Christian mysticism. In esoteric traditions, the destruction of the Temple is not just a historical event, but also a symbol of spiritual exile and the fracturing of the sacred connection between God and mankind. Mystical interpretations of this event often focus on the deeper spiritual lessons and the eventual return of divine order.
5. Messianic Expectation and Esoteric Christology
In the sections covering the birth o...
breakdown of the contents:
• Historical Overview: The book provides a faithful history of the four ancient monarchies—Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman—necessary for understanding the conditions of the Jewish people.
• Jewish Church and Jerusalem: A general view of the state of the Jewish Church up until the destruction of Jerusalem.
• Remarks on the Biblical Text: It covers remarks on the Pentateuch, Prophets, and other books of the Old Testament, as well as the Gospels, Acts, Epistles in the New Testament, and their designs and scopes.
• Chronology of Scriptures: It includes an exact chronology of the Holy Scriptures, with contributions from Archbishop Ussher and Mr. Archdeacon Echard.
• Doctrinal Explanations: There is a dissertation on revealed religion, including an account of the divines who defended it.
• Difficult Passages: Explanation of difficult texts of scripture and certain sacred mysteries, discussing what should or shouldn't be open to human inquiry.
• Holy Land Geography: The text compares the Holy Land with accounts by modern travelers to make scripture study easier and more instructive.
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Key Themes and Concepts:
• The Zohar:
The Zohar is a central work of Kabbalistic literature, often regarded as the mystical commentary on the Torah. Waite examines its structure, themes, and the various layers of meaning embedded within its text. He aims to elucidate how the Zohar interprets the Hebrew Bible and explores themes of divine unity, creation, and the nature of the soul.
• Mystical Philosophy:
Waite delves into the philosophical underpinnings of the Zohar, discussing concepts such as Ein Sof (the infinite aspect of God), the nature of the divine emanations known as the Sefirot, and the process of creation. He emphasizes how these ideas relate to broader metaphysical discussions in both Jewish and universal mystical traditions.
• Historical Context:
The book places the Zohar within its historical context, tracing its origins to the 13th-century Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon. Waite discusses the socio-cultural influences that shaped the development of Kabbalistic thought, including earlier Jewish mysticism and philosophical movements.
• Connections to Other Traditions:
Waite explores connections between the Zohar and other mystical and esoteric traditions, such as Gnosticism and Hermeticism. He examines how themes present in the Zohar resonate with those found in other spiritual systems, highlighting a shared pursuit of hidden knowledge and divine truth.
• Illustrations and Symbolism:
The inclusion of illustrations adds a visual dimension to the text, showcasing symbols and diagrams related to Kabbalistic thought. Waite often interprets these images as representing deeper spiritual concepts, enhancing the reader’s understanding of the Zohar’s teachings.
• Spiritual Practice:
Waite emphasizes the importance of practical application of Kabbalistic teachings. He discusses how the insights gleaned from the Zohar can inform one's spiritual practice, ethical living, and relationship with the divine. This aspect underscores the transformative potential of engaging with mystical texts.
Significance:
Waite’s work is significant for scholars and practitioners of mysticism, Kabbalah, and Jewish studies. It serves as both an academic exploration of the Zohar and a personal reflection on its relevance for spiritual seekers. By linking the Zohar to broader esoteric traditions, Waite illustrates the interconnectedness of mystical thought across cultures and epochs.
Influence:
Arthur Edward Waite is a pivotal figure in the study of the occult and mysticism, known for his comprehensive analyses and interpretations of mystical texts. His work on the Zohar contributes to a deeper understanding of Kabbalistic thought and its enduring influence on contemporary spirituality.
Chapter I: The Early Students of Kabalism
An exploration of the initial practitioners and thinkers who shaped Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter II: The Hidden Church of Israel
A discussion on the esoteric aspects of Jewish spirituality and its concealed teachings.
Chapter III: The Majesty of God in Kabalism
An examination of the nature and attributes of God as understood in Kabbalistic doctrine.
Chapter IV: The Doctrine of Cosmology
An overview of Kabbalistic cosmology, detailing the structure and origin of the universe.
Chapter V: The Myth of the Earthly Paradise
An analysis of the concept of paradise within Kabbalistic teachings and its symbolic meanings.
Chapter VI: The Serpent, Son of the Morning, and the Fall of the Angels
A study of the mythological figures associated with the fall of angels and their significance in Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter VII: The Fall of Man
An exploration of the Kabbalistic interpretation of humanity's fall and its implications for spiritual practice.
Chapter VIII: The Legend of the Deluge
An investigation into the flood narrative and its mystical interpretations within Kabbalism.
Chapter IX: The Covenant with Abraham
A discussion on the significance of Abraham's covenant and its spiritual ramifications.
Chapter X: Of Moses, the Master of the Law
An examination of Moses’ role in Kabbalistic tradition as a lawgiver and spiritual leader.
Chapter XI: The Temples in Jerusalem
An analysis of the symbolic and mystical significance of the temples in Jerusalem within Kabbalistic belief.
Chapter XII: The Coming of Messiah
A study on Kabbalistic perspectives regarding the messianic age and its anticipated arrival.
Chapter XIII: The Soul in Kabalism
An exploration of the nature of the soul and its journey within Kabbalistic teachings.
Chapter XIV: The Doctrine Concerning Sheol
An examination of the concepts of Sheol and the afterlife as understood in Kabbalism.
Chapter XV: Concerning Resurrection
A discussion on the beliefs surrounding resurrection and rebirth in Kabbalistic thought.
Chapter XVI: The Mystery of Shekinah
An exploration of the Shekinah, representing the divine presence and its role in Kabbalistic spirituality.
Chapter XVII: The Mystery of the Occult Sciences
A study of the occult sciences and their integration into Kabbalistic practice.
Chapter XVIII: Developments of Later Kabalism
An examination of the evolution and changes in Kabbalistic thought in later periods.
Chapter XIX: The Alleged Christian Elements
A discussion on the perceived Christian influences within Kabbalistic teachings.
Chapter XX: Conclusion on Jewish Theosophy
A summation of the insights gained regarding Jewish theosophy through the study of Kabbalism.
Index
A comprehensive index to assist readers in navigating the topics discussed in the book.
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Kabbalism, Zohar, mystical teachings, Jewish mysticism, esoteric knowledge, divine presence, Shekinah, spiritual awakening, theosophy, cosmology, ancient wisdom, hidden church, mystical philosophy, the nature of God, resurrection, the fall of man, covenant with Abraham, Serpent of the Morning, legends of the deluge, Messianic age, divine unity, spiritual practices, occult sciences, soul journey, earthly paradise, angels and demons, Kabbalistic traditions, metaphysical concepts, divine attributes, Jewish spirituality, historical context, Moses and the Law, temples in Jerusalem, mystical symbols, transcendental experience, divine emanations, Sefirot, Ein Sof, sacred texts, divine knowledge, spiritual transformation, hidden truths, spiritual evolution, arcane wisdom, alchemical symbols, mysteries of creation, the inner path, divine illumination, esoteric traditions, archetypal figures, spiritual guardians, celestial realms, higher consciousness, mystical union, the Great Work, secret teachings, sacred geometry, ancient rituals, initiation rites, spiritual disciplines, divine mysteries, divine intervention, path of enlightenment, spiritual insights, occult philosophy, inner sanctum, the hidden way, angelic hierarchy, spiritual resonance, cosmic consciousness, the tree of life, divine archetypes, symbolic language, mythological narratives, spiritual pilgrimage, Hermetic teachings, universal truths, spiritual synthesis, divine revelation, Kabbalistic cosmology, esoteric insights, practices of devotion, spiritual guardianship, paths of wisdom, the nature of the soul, ancient scrolls, archetypes of spirituality, spiritual alchemy, the process of creation, esoteric symbols, hidden doctrines, soul ascension, divine pathways, teachings of the sages, theurgy, mysteries of Sheol, divine guidance, the spiritual quest, cosmic order, hidden teachings, the divine feminine, spiritual awakening practices, allegorical interpretations, Kabbalistic literature, teachings of Moses, divine creation, sacred traditions, eternal truths, mysteries of existence, angels and their roles, esoteric exploration, the spiritual landscape, transcending duality, mystical experiences, divine compassion, spiritual knowledge, sacred writings, Jewish theosophy, divine love, the nature of evil, mythic archetypes, spiritual evolution, the divine plan, Kabbalistic legends, the quest for truth, metaphysical explorations, pathways to the divine, symbols of transformation, sacred insights, transformative journeys, revelations, higher planes of existence, divine mysteries of faith, understanding the unseen, mystical insights, the unity of being, cosmic cycles, the significance of symbols, occult traditions, divine guardians, the essence of faith, esoteric inquiry, the mystic path, ancient mysteries, divine truths, spiritual connections, and the quest for meaning
Key Themes and Concepts:
• Mysticism and its Core Principles:
Waite examines mysticism as the pursuit of direct, personal experience of the Divine. He emphasizes that mysticism transcends organized religion, focusing instead on the individual's inner path toward spiritual truth. Waite explores different forms of mysticism across history and cultures, including Christian mysticism, Kabbalistic mysticism, and alchemical traditions.
• The Secret Tradition:
Waite often refers to the Secret Tradition, a term he uses to describe a thread of hidden, spiritual knowledge believed to have existed in ancient civilizations, mystical teachings, and religious sects. This tradition includes esoteric wisdom that claims to reveal deeper truths about human existence, the nature of the Divine, and the universe. Waite suggests that this tradition can be traced through various mystical systems, from ancient Egypt to Christian mystics and Rosicrucian teachings.
• The Role of Symbols and Allegory:
Central to Waite’s work is the idea that symbols and allegory serve as the language of the mystics, conveying hidden truths that cannot be expressed in ordinary terms. He explores the use of symbolism in mystical texts and the importance of interpreting these symbols correctly to unlock the knowledge they contain. The book delves into the symbolic significance of alchemical processes, religious rituals, and sacred texts.
• Alchemy and the Inner Transformation:
In discussing alchemy, Waite does not limit himself to the material aspect of transforming base metals into gold. Instead, he views alchemy as a spiritual process where the alchemist undergoes an inner transformation—purifying the soul and attaining divine wisdom. The stages of alchemical work are seen as metaphors for the stages of mystical awakening and spiritual development.
• Christian Mysticism and the Western Esoteric Tradition:
Waite frequently returns to Christian mysticism, particularly the works of mystics like St. John of the Cross, Meister Eckhart, and the early Christian Gnostics. He highlights how these mystics sought direct communion with the Divine, often through contemplation, ascetic practices, and the transformation of the self. He connects this to the broader Western esoteric tradition, arguing that Christian mysticism is an integral part of the Secret Tradition.
• The Hermetic and Rosicrucian Traditions:
Waite was deeply influenced by Hermeticism and Rosicrucianism, and he explores their mystical teachings in this work. Both traditions emphasize the pursuit of hidden knowledge, spiritual transformation, and the belief in a cosmic order governed by divine principles. Waite ties these systems to the Secret Tradition, asserting that they offer keys to understanding universal spiritual truths.
• Mysticism as an Inner Journey:
Throughout the book, Waite stresses that mysticism is an inner journey, where the individual seeks not only knowledge but personal transformation. He suggests that the true mystic must go beyond intellectual understanding and experience the divine reality firsthand, through meditation, contemplation, and a purified life.
Significance:
This book serves as an in-depth study of mystical thought, connecting historical and contemporary mystical practices to a unified esoteric tradition. Waite was deeply committed to uncovering the hidden wisdom within religious and mystical texts, believing that these teachings point to a perennial truth shared across different spiritual systems. For readers interested in Western esotericism, alchemy, mysticism, and the evolution of secret societies, Waite’s work is both a scholarly resource and a personal reflection on the nature of spiritual experience.
Influence:
Arthur Edward Waite is perhaps best known for his involvement in the occult revival of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly his role in the creation of the Rider-Waite Tarot Deck. His broader body of work, including "Studies in Mysticism", has had a lasting influence on the study of mysticism, esotericism, and the occult. Waite’s emphasis on a Christianized mysticism also distinguishes him from other contemporaries in the esoteric world, like Aleister Crowley.
Contents with quick short summary Becoming:
PART I: THE HITHER SIDE OF THE PORTAL
This section explores The Life of the Mystic, which introduces the basic concepts of mysticism. It continues with The Enterprise of Sanctity, a discussion on the pursuit of holiness, and The Sense of the Infinite, which delves into the mystic's awareness of boundless spiritual realms. Topics such as Supernatural Goodness and A Question of Service examine the ethical dimensions of mystical practice. The section closes with Asceticism and Mysticism, exploring the balance between self-discipline and spiritual awakening, and The Foundation of the Higher Magia, which discusses the groundwork for mystical practices.
PART II: VESTIGES OF THE OUTER WAYS
This part begins with Lesser Mysteries of the Life of Life, discussing introductory mystical teachings and practices. By-ways of Half a Century reflects on half a century's worth of mystical exploration. Mesmerism and Hypnotism touches upon these influential practices and their spiritual implications. Then, The Saviours of Louis XVI examines figures involved in mystical or esoteric attempts to save the French king. Other sections include The Paradise of Hermes, which discusses Hermetic traditions, and Some Offices of Vain Observance, exploring ritualistic practices that may not yield deeper spiritual results. It continues with Dwellers on the Threshold, a look at beings or forces encountered in mysticism. Lastly, it covers Who Stand at the Door and Knock, a symbolic reflection on initiation, A Masque of Anarchy, which might explore the chaos before spiritual order, and Powers of the Deep, which deals with hidden or subconscious spiritual forces.
PART III: THE COURTS OF THE TEMPLE
In this final part, The Garden of Venus opens with a discussion on love and mysticism. The Gate and the Sanctuary examines the entry into deeper spiritual practices, and The Voice of the Beloved focuses on the mystic’s relationship with the Divine. Following these are Stewards of the Mysteries, which looks at those who safeguard esoteric knowledge, and The Building Word, likely concerning the spoken power of creation in mystical practices. It continues with Rumours of the Mystic Quest, which reflects on the search for spiritual truth, and ends with The Veil of the Sanctum Sanctorum, discussing the ultimate revelations in mysticism and sacred mysteries.
Tags-
Mysticism, esotericism, spiritual awakening, asceticism, supernatural goodness, divine knowledge, secret tradition, alchemy, Hermeticism, Rosicrucianism, spiritual transformation, meditation, contemplation, inner journey, enlightenment, sacred geometry, initiation rites, ritual symbolism, gnostic wisdom, cosmic consciousness, divine union, hidden knowledge, spiritual quest, higher consciousness, transcendental experience, occult practices, celestial realms, astral projection, sacred texts, ancient mysteries, esoteric teachings, divine mysteries, kabbalistic mysticism, spiritual purification, soul ascension, divine illumination, mystical traditions, soul alchemy, ancient wisdom, sacred rituals, theurgy, spiritual hierarchies, angelic orders, divine ecstasy, sacred initiation, cosmic harmony, metaphysical realms, divine emanations, spiritual mastery, occult philosophy, soul enlightenment, initiation into mysteries, divine archetypes, spiritual pilgrimage, spiritual rebirth, divine revelation, ancient symbols, the occult arts, sacred knowledge, divine messengers, sacred science, divine intervention, mystical union, esoteric initiation, alchemical symbols, spiritual discipline, divine forces, initiation into higher worlds, sacred sanctuary, divine contemplation, inner temple, divine visions, celestial beings, ancient rites, mystical philosophy, spiritual guardians, the great work, sacred journey, divine wisdom, astral realms, soul awakening, divine transformation, sacred mysteries, secret orders, esoteric symbols, divine energy, spiritual elevation, inner sanctum, higher initiation, ancient codes, divine providence, esoteric wisdom, spiritual guardianship, divine consciousness, sacred esoterica, secret manuscripts, hidden doctrines, divine path, spiritual insight, the inner path, ancient doctrines, arcane symbols, mystical teachings, divine encounters, celestial wisdom, spiritual purification rites, sacred portals, spiritual transcendence, the hidden way, divine paths, soul evolution, ancient scrolls, divine quests, celestial guardians, sacred hieroglyphs, divine presence, esoteric traditions, cosmic knowledge, hidden wisdom, sacred power, divine messengers, ancient divinity, esoteric philosophy, divine ascension, mystical rites, spiritual gateways, secret manuscripts, sacred temples, spiritual resonance, divine harmonics, cosmic order, hidden realms, spiritual light, sacred initiation, spiritual synthesis, divine gateways, soul purification, esoteric rituals, divine forces, cosmic initiation, sacred union, arcane knowledge, celestial hierarchies, soul illumination, secret ceremonies, spiritual revelations, divine keys, mystical esoterica, divine realms, sacred traditions, ancient initiates, spiritual alchemy, divine pilgrimage, inner wisdom, sacred energies, divine rites, esoteric power, the secret teachings, sacred traditions, divine destiny, occult mysteries, cosmic cycles, divine mastery, sacred pathways, divine truth, hidden teachings...
Godspeed!
And
On to the Volumes
This comprehensive historical work covers not only the well-known civilizations of the ancient world, such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, but also delves into the histories of more obscure regions and peoples. It explores the early development of Assyria, Phoenicia, Lydia, and Carthage, offering insight into their unique contributions to military, religious, and cultural practices. Royal Robbins also examines lesser-known civilizations like the Medes and Lydians, and includes extensive accounts of the histories of China and the Canaanites, offering readers a rare glimpse into ancient societies often overlooked in modern history texts. Additionally, it provides a deep dive into the early Hebrews and their interaction with neighboring cultures, highlighting the complex geopolitical landscape of the ancient Near East
VOLUME 1 -
The Introduction outlines the benefits to be expected from the study of history, the sources of historical knowledge, and a general division of history into ten distinct periods.
Period I begins with the Antediluvian World, covering the history before the Great Flood, and includes an account of the distinguished characters from that era.
Period II covers the events following the Deluge, with a focus on the history of Assyria and China, as well as biographical notices of prominent figures from these regions. This period also explores the history of the Hebrews, the Canaanites, Greece, and Egypt, with China and Egypt continuing from earlier accounts. Distinguished characters from these civilizations are also highlighted.
In Period III, the narrative shifts to the history of the Israelites and continues with the Canaanites and Phoenicians. The history of Greece and Egypt is further developed, alongside accounts of Lydia and Italy. Distinguished characters from these cultures are included, providing a personal dimension to the broader historical narrative.
Period IV continues the history of the Israelites and Greece, with a new focus on Macedon. The histories of Assyria, Egypt, and the Phoenicians are continued, along with an introduction to the history of Carthage. The developments in Italy are also extended from the previous period. As before, distinguished characters from these regions are featured.
Finally, Period V delves into the rise of the Romans, alongside the ongoing history of Greece, the Israelites, and the Jews. This period includes the histories of Nineveh, Babylon, the Medes, Persia, and the Lydians, with Egypt's history continuing from previous periods. The lives and accomplishments of prominent figures from these civilizations are once again examined, offering a comprehensive view of the important historical figures who shaped the world.
VOLUME 2 - pages 1-412
The Introduction opens with general remarks about the structure and scope of the book, followed by a general division of history into ten periods.
Period I begins with the History of the Roman Empire, touching on the regions of Judea, Parthia, Persia, and China. This section highlights the political and cultural significance of each of these regions. Distinguished characters of the time are also discussed, providing insight into the notable figures who shaped these civilizations.
In Period II, the History of the Roman Empire continues, along with a detailed exploration of Persia and China. The accomplishments and key events of these regions are expanded upon, along with a continuation of the distinguished characters who influenced the course of history.
Period III focuses on the continued development of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the Kingdom of Italy. The histories of Persia, China, Spain, France, and England are covered in this section, each with their own set of distinguished characters who left a lasting legacy in politics, culture, and military affairs.
Period IV shifts focus to the rise of the Arabs or Saracens and the Eastern or Greek Empire, while continuing the history of the Kingdom of Italy and the ongoing narratives of Spain and France. This period also features notable figures who played significant roles in the development of these regions.
In Period V, attention turns to the History of the New Western Empire, with continued discussions on France, Italy, Spain, Germany, England, the Eastern Empire, China, and the Saracens. The period emphasizes the dynamic interplay between these regions and the notable characters who shaped their histories.
Period VI covers the Crusades, which had a profound impact on both Eastern and Western civilizations. This section continues with the histories of France, England, Germany, the Eastern Empire, the Saracens, and China, highlighting the significant developments in each region and the individuals who drove these changes.
In Period VII, the book delves into the History of the Turkish Empire and continues the histories of the Italian States, France, England, Germany, and China. This section also discusses the significant achievements of these regions, along with the lives of distinguished characters from various nations.
Period VIII focuses again on the Turkish Empire, with additional emphasis on the Italian States, France, England, Germany, Spain, Holland, and America. Distinguished characters continue to be a key feature of this period, as the book outlines the influence of individuals in shaping the political and cultural landscapes of these nations.
Period IX provides a comprehensive overview of France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, the Turkish Empire, and the British Colonies in North America. The section also includes narratives on Russia and Sweden, detailing the historical significance of these regions and their notable figures.
Finally, Period X covers the histories of Sweden, Prussia, Germany, Poland, Russia, England, France, the Italian States, Spain, the Netherlands, the Turkish Empire, China, Persia, India, the United States, and South America. Distinguished characters from each region are presented, offering a look into the individuals who played a crucial role in shaping the modern world.
The General Views section discusses various overarching themes, such as the Feudal System, Chivalry, Romances, and Pilgrimages. It also delves into the manners and character of the Gothic or Scandinavian nations, as well as the development of Learning and the Arts. Further discussions are provided on Discoveries and Inventions, Incidents and Curious Particulars, and the present state of several nations in areas like Agriculture, Roads, Conveyances, Intercourse, Education, Trade, and Manufactures.
Volume 3 -28 pages of more in depth questions (the first part is standard knowledge the next are on everything from relics to Monuments to coins to other arcane Questionss -(to state it simply bc I'm out of room on Academias limited room on abstracts!
QUESTIONS ON OUTLINES OF MODERN HISTORY. BY REV. ROYAL ROBBINS.
(To SEE? Scroll down on to he last Part of Book )
Tags : but not limited to -
I. Ancient History, II. Modern History, III. Biography, IV. Geography, V. Politics, VI. Religion, VII. Military History, VIII. Naval Affairs, IX. Arts and Literature, X. Customs and Society, XI. Biblical History, XII. Near Eastern Studies, XIII. Egyptian History, XIV. Greek History, XV. Chinese Dynasties, XVI. Roman Empire, XVII. Canaanites, XVIII. Assyrian Empire, XIX. Phoenician Trade, XX. Hebrew Scriptures, XXI. Historical Figures, XXII. Cultural Exchange, XXIII. Early Civilizations, XXIV. Social Structure, XXV. Historical Events, XXVI. Ethnography, XXVII. Ancient Warfare, XXVIII. Oral Traditions, XXIX. Ancient Rituals, XXX. Historical Narratives, XXXI. Philosophical Thought, XXXII. Political Philosophy, XXXIII. Economic Systems, XXXIV. Religious Practices, XXXV. Ancient Literature, XXXVI. Civilizational Progress, XXXVII. Historical Geography, XXXVIII. Technological Innovations, XXXIX. Cultural Heritage, XL. Genealogies, XLI. Cultural Identity, XLII. Comparative History, XLIII. Historical Reflection, XLIV. Historical Context, XLV. Transition of Power, XLVI. Political Alliances, XLVII. Trade Routes, XLVIII. Historical Critique, XLIX. Historical Documentation, L. Political Dynamics, LI. Cultural Syncretism, LII. Societal Evolution, LIII. Historical Insights, LIV. Ancient Beliefs, LV. Influence of Geography, LVI. Cultural Symbols, LVII. Cultural Heritage Preservation, LVIII. Artistic Movements, LIX. Maritime History, LX. Genealogical Studies, LXI. Political Structures, LXII. Legacy of Empires, LXIII. Cross-Cultural Interactions, LXIV. Antiquities, LXV. Historical Patterns, LXVI. Historical Analysis, LXVII. Social Movements, LXVIII. Historical Reappraisal, LXIX. Societal Change, LXX. Legacy of Traditions, LXXI. Ancient System...
(Ai)=to save time which =More books for your viewing pleasure (to the Scholar to Lay person)
back to the book -
Overview of the Content:
The book is divided into two primary parts:
• Of the Virtues of Herbs, Stones, and Certain Beasts:
• This section explores the medicinal and mystical properties of various natural elements. It draws upon the medieval belief that natural substances, like herbs, stones, and animals, had inherent magical or healing qualities.
• Herbs: The text discusses specific herbs and their applications, both for healing ailments and for performing magical rituals. This mirrors broader medieval botanical knowledge combined with superstition.
• Stones: Certain precious and semi-precious stones were believed to have special powers, such as protection from evil or enhancing certain virtues (e.g., courage, wisdom).
• Beasts: Animals, too, were thought to possess magical characteristics, either in their bodies (bones, blood, etc.) or their behavior. This section details how different creatures could be used in magic or medicine.
A Book of the Marvels of the World:
• This part of the book reflects on various strange phenomena and wonders from around the world. It combines travel lore, natural history, and mythology, presenting an early form of "natural philosophy."
• The marvels often include accounts of rare or mythical creatures, unusual geographical features, or natural wonders that medieval scholars and travelers encountered or heard about.
Context and Influence:
• Philosophy and Magic: The book blends the practical, observational knowledge of nature with medieval occultism, where magic and science were intertwined. It reflects the worldview of the time, where people believed that spiritual forces could be manipulated through the natural world.
• Alchemy: There is also an underlying current of alchemy, which sought to understand the hidden properties of matter, often with the goal of transformation or discovering the elixir of life. This ties in with Albertus Magnus’ real work as an early chemist and botanist.
• Scholarly Influence: While the attribution to Albertus Magnus is unclear, the book had a significant influence in the later medieval and Renaissance periods. It was popular among those interested in herbalism, early medicine, and magic, particularly during the occult revival of the 16th century.
Themes and Concepts:
• Sympathetic Magic: The book uses the principle of sympathetic magic, which claims that objects can influence each other through invisible connections or similarities. For example, a red stone might be used to treat blood disorders because of its color.
• The Unity of Nature: Another recurring theme is the belief that the natural world is deeply interconnected and that humans can harness this interconnectedness to gain power over nature, health, and fortune.
• Astrology and Cosmology: The work often refers to celestial bodies and the stars, hinting at the belief that herbs and stones derive their powers from planetary influence.
Pseudonymous Attribution:
Despite being attributed to Albertus Magnus, scholars doubt whether the historical Albertus wrote it. The real Albertus Magnus was a well-known scholar of natural science, theology, and philosophy. However, during the medieval period, it was common for writings of uncertain origin to be ascribed to a well-known figure to give them authority.
Conclusion:
The "Book of Secrets" reflects the intersection of medieval science, folklore, and magic. It offers a window into the medieval understanding of the world, where knowledge was not just about observation but also about discovering the hidden powers within nature. Whether or not Albertus Magnus actually wrote it, the book stands as a key piece of the medieval occult tradition and continued to influence magical practices, herbalism, and alchemical thought in later centuries.
Tags:
herbs, stones, beasts, medieval magic, alchemy, Albertus Magnus, pseudepigraphic, natural elements, virtues, healing properties, mystical, medieval science, occult, sympathetic magic, interconnection, herbs for rituals, stone properties, animal magic, cosmology, astrology, celestial influence, rare creatures, mythical beasts, natural wonders, folklore, natural history, medieval lore, strange phenomena, medieval philosophy, secret knowledge, early medicine, medieval scholarship, botanical knowledge, occult tradition, plant magic, stone magic, magical properties, alchemical knowledge, occult revival, medieval worldviews, medieval healing, pseudonymous attribution, hidden powers, planetary influence, courage stones, wisdom stones, magic animals, body parts, beast lore, celestial bodies, planetary magic, occult power, alchemy practices, medieval natural philosophy, rituals, healing rituals, magic rituals, marvels of the world, wonders, rare animals, mythology, medicinal herbs, magical herbs, medieval medicinal knowledge, strange occurrences, natural science, interconnectedness, influence of stars, astrology and magic, early occultism, medieval occultism, alchemical tradition, ritual magic, medieval stones, magical healing, nature magic, natural forces, secret properties, wonders of nature, healing wonders, magic practices, magical items, mystical properties, secret wisdom, alchemical wisdom, rare wonders, pseudepigrapha, plant rituals, planetary wisdom, early cosmology, herbalism, early magic, travel lore, natural magic, secret science, magic stones, herbal lore, occult lore, astrological beliefs, planetary stones, rare natural wonders, mythical lore, healing stones, medieval beliefs, natural healers, magical natural elements, rare phenomena, natural world marvels, marvels, occult secrets, hidden virtues, magic of beasts, folklore magic, magic lore, wonders of travel, astrological influence, alchemy and magic, travel and magic, medieval travel lore, planetary influence, occult rituals, secret rituals, herb magic, stone magic, mythical magic, alchemy and herbs, healing lore, magical stones, beast properties, body magic, medieval beast lore, plant wisdom, folklore wisdom, magic forces, healing forces, medieval natural magic, natural cures, magical cures, medieval healers, occult marvels, plant secrets, beast wisdom, stone wisdom, mystical cures, rare magic, folklore healers, astrological power, celestial wisdom, rare natural marvels, natural marvels, medieval herbs, animal magic practices, medieval wonders, secret plants, secret animals, magic and nature, planetary magic forces, magic stones, plant marvels, magic herbs, early medicinal magic, early mystical magic, hidden natural powers, alchemy wisdom, body magic practices, planetary power, natural forces of magic, rare plant powers, rare animal powers, secret powers, healing forces of nature, secret of the planets, medieval secret powers, early occult knowledge, mystical travel lore, alchemical forces, beast magic, marvels and magic, healing natural properties, medieval cosmic beliefs, cosmic wisdom, cosmic powers, plant and beast magic, travel secrets, medieval occult knowledge, planetary healing powers, magic of nature, secret cosmic wisdom.
CHAPTER I: Retrospect
The Beginnings of Comparative Mythology, Mr. Herbert Spencer, &c.
Story of Tuna from Mangaia. Proper Use of the Mythology of Uncivilized Peoples. Dr. Codrington on Totems. Meaning of ‘Primitive.’ Kronos and his Children. Fontenelle. Comparative Mythology founded. Names. Gervinus and Haupt. Controversies. Fermentation of Mythology. Study of Savage Tribes. My Defenders. Canizzaro. Sir Henry Maine. Mr. Horatio Hale. Professor Tiele. Kronos and Polynesian Folklore. M. Gaidoz. Influence of Language on Mythology. How Gender influences Mythology. The Moon. The Sun. Ideas fixed by Words. Importance of Mythology and Philosophy. Differences of Opinion Natural. Importance of Names. Help derived from Gender. Dual or Correlative Character of Deities. The Asvins and Helena. Many-sidedness of Ancient Gods. Etymology uncertain. Mythological and Historical Elements. Herakles, Alexander, Charlemagne. Mythology Anomalous. Stages of Mythology. Anomalous Names. Vedic Names. Folk-etymologies. Words without any Etymology. Study of Mythology changed.
CHAPTER II: On the Problems and Methods of the Science of Mythology
Three Schools of Mythological Study. Myth and History. Heroes. True Problem of Mythology. Our True Interest in Mythology. Disease of Language. Iroquois Stories. Mythology as a Psychological Problem. The Hyponoia of Mythology. Greek Views on the Meaning of Mythology. Gods as representing the Prominent Phenomena of Nature. The Weather and the Seasons. Saws about Weather. Historical Traditions. Enigmatic Language of Mythology. Gods with Intelligible Names. Helios and Selene. The Boat and the Herds of Helios. Selene. Apollon and Artemis. Gods with many Epithets, Hermes. Enigmatic Phase of Mythology. The Golden Apples. Montenegro Song of the Golden Apples. Sezjanian Riddles and Myths. Mordvinian Riddles and Greek Mythology. Mythology, no System. Mythographi. The Brothers Grimm, Schwartz, Castren. Had Gods and Heroes a Common Origin? Naturalia non sunt turpia. Heroes parallel with Gods. Helena both Goddess and Heroine. Dr. Hahn on Märchen. Beginnings of Mythology Lost. Schelling. Original Elements of Mythology. Male and Female Agents. Common Epithets of Physical Agents. What are the Devas? True Meaning of Deva. Mitra and Varuna. Names of the Devas in Modern Sanskrit or in Zend. Complementary Devas. Mitra and Varuna. How to compare Vedic and Greek Gods. The brilliant Haritas. Agni, Fire, Light, Sun. Indra. Ushas. Devas not restricted to one single Phenomenon.
CHAPTER III: The Study of Specific Deities and Folklore
Children of the Sun, Moon, &c. Eclipses of the Moon. Koi (Koit), the Dawn. Luonnotar. Water Deities. Earth Deities. Haltias. Abstract Deities. Subterrestrial Gods, and Ancestral Spirits. Castren’s Summing Up. Castren. Foreign Influences. The Mundane Egg. Physical Basis of the Ugro-Finnic Mythologies.
CHAPTER IV: Psychological School of Comparative Mythology
Ethno-psychological Studies. Dr. Gruppe. Sense of Shame. Discovery of Motives. Abstract Ideas among Savages.
CHAPTER V: Phonetics
Phonetic Rules, General and Special. Discovery of Phonetic Rules. Restricted Evidence for Phonetic Rules. Discussions about θεός. Comparative Philology at Leipzig in 1838. Bopp, Pott, Grimm. Grimm’s Law. Exceptions to Grimm’s Law. Lottner, Grassmann. Verner’s Law. Threefold Differentiation of Roots. Change of Place. Schleicher’s Ursprache. Dialects antecedent to Classical Speech. Aryan Vowels. Correspondence of Aryan Vowels. Unchangeability of Phonetic Laws. Analogy. Importance of Sanskrit. The Vedic Accent. Weak and Strong Terminations. Explanation of the Ablaut. Weakening and Strengthening of the Base. True Value of Phonetics. The Becoming of Letters. Aryan Vowels and their Legitimate Changes. The Accent. Ablaut. Instances. Assimilation (J. Schmidt). Consonants. Two Kinds of Palatals. Two Kinds of Gutturals. Application of Phonetic Rules to Proper Names. Local Names. Loss of Meaning entails Change of Form. Christian Names. Proper Names in Greek. Proper Names of Gods and Heroes. Dialectic Varieties of Proper Names. New Etymologies by Prof. Bechtel (Dionysos, Kerberos, Varvara, Zeus). θεός = Ushas. Dioskouroi = Divas putrasa. Trito and Tritogeneia. Helios, Mene, and Hestia. Erinys = Sarawyu. Helios. Athene. Poseidon. Hermes. Hera. Phoibos. Apollon. Ares. Artemis. Aphrodite. Anomalous Words of a more Ancient Stratum. Words with Different Etymologies. Prapides. Analogy and its Limits. Loss of Letters. Freedom in analyzing Mythological Names. Local Influence. Dialectic Varieties of Mythological Names. Aspirates, Sonant, and Surd. Mythological Names, Prehistoric. Daphne. Athene. Evidence necessarily limited. Gawapaçça. Briseis. Night and Clouds. Varuna. Orthros. Recapitulation.
This rare and awe-inspiring book offers an in-depth exploration of the vast Collection of global mythology, blending scholarship with captivating storytelling. It traces the origins and evolution of mythological narratives from the dawn of civilization, revealing how humanity's earliest beliefs were shaped by a profound connection to nature, the cosmos, and the divine. Delving into the myths of ancient Egypt, Sumeria, Greece, and Rome, as well as lesser-known stories from Polynesia, Vedic traditions, and indigenous peoples, the book brings to life the gods, goddesses, and heroes who personified the forces of creation, destruction, and renewal. From the cosmic battles of Kronos and his children to the symbolic significance of the sun, moon, and seasons, each chapter sheds light on how myths functioned as both spiritual allegory and historical record.
The work also uncovers the psychological and linguistic underpinnings of mythology, exploring how language itself influenced the formation of gods and sacred stories. It delves into the role of totems, primal symbols, and the enigmatic nature of deities who embody multiple, often contradictory, aspects of existence. With rich analysis on the effects of myth on both ancient and modern consciousness, it also offers insight into how mythology continues to shape philosophy, art, and religious thought today.
Encompassing everything from the study of savage tribes and their gods to the sophisticated epics of classical antiquity, this book is not merely a scholarly work but a profound exploration of the shared human experience. It is a treasure trove of wisdom and cultural heritage for anyone fascinated by the mysteries of the past, the sacred, and the origins of human belief.
tags-
• Ancient Mythology, 2. Comparative Religion, 3. Mythological Symbols, 4. Deities in Folklore, 5. Gods and Heroes, 6. Primitive Beliefs, 7. Religious Philosophy, 8. Vedic Traditions, 9. Greek Mythology, 10. Roman Deities, 11. Egyptian Gods, 12. Sumerian Texts, 13. Totemism, 14. Polynesian Folklore, 15. Kronos Myths, 16. Cultural Anthropology, 17. Mythic Archetypes, 18. Ancient Rites, 19. Sacred Rituals, 20. Creation Myths, 21. Sun Worship, 22. Moon Deities, 23. Totem Symbols, 24. Nature Worship, 25. Heroic Legends, 26. Divine Myths, 27. Linguistic Anthropology, 28. Mythic Symbolism, 29. Sacred Texts, 30. Epic Heroes, 31. Ancestral Spirits, 32. Ethno-religion, 33. Gender in Mythology, 34. Earth Gods, 35. Fire Worship, 36. Water Deities, 37. Air Spirits, 38. Solar Deities, 39. Lunar Myths, 40. Seasonal Myths, 41. Agricultural Deities, 42. Mythological Dualism, 43. Folk Etymology, 44. Sacred Geography, 45. Animal Totems, 46. Mythic Heroes, 47. Cosmic Deities, 48. Storm Gods, 49. War Deities, 50. Fertility Myths, 51. Death and Rebirth, 52. Afterlife Beliefs, 53. Funerary Rites, 54. Ancestor Worship, 55. Creation Legends, 56. Sacred Mountains, 57. Divine Kingship, 58. Magical Beings, 59. Supernatural Powers, 60. Mythical Creatures, 61. Dragons in Mythology, 62. Legendary Beasts, 63. Gods of Wisdom, 64. Goddesses of Fertility, 65. Sacred Feminine, 66. Mythic Kings, 67. Divine Queens, 68. Underworld Deities, 69. Sky Gods, 70. Weather Spirits, 71. Nature Myths, 72. Sacred Numbers, 73. Religious Symbols, 74. Tribal Mythology, 75. Epic Tales, 76. Divine Twins, 77. Archetypal Myths, 78. Mythological Cycles, 79. Pantheon of Gods, 80. Holy Beings, 81. Prophetic Legends, 82. Astral Mythology, 83. Divine Messengers, 84. Mythological Beings, 85. Heroic Journeys, 86. Trickster Gods, 87. Animal Spirits, 88. Healing Gods, 89. Shamanic Myths, 90. Mystical Experiences, 91. Visionary Myths, 92. Dream Interpretation, 93. Divine Visions, 94. Heavenly Realms, 95. Ethereal Beings, 96. Divine Emblems, 97. Goddesses of War, 98. Battle Deities, 99. Death Gods, 100. River Deities, 101. Mountain Spirits, 102. Sacred Trees, 103. Mythical Trees, 104. World Trees, 105. Creation Eggs, 106. Ocean Deities, 107. Sea Gods, 108. Sky Myths, 109. Stellar Deities, 110. Mythic Serpents, 111. Phoenix Myths, 112. Eternal Life, 113. Immortality Myths, 114. Chaos and Order, 115. Cosmic Battles, 116. Light and Dark, 117. Good vs Evil, 118. Mythical Time, 119. Sacred Calendars, 120. Heroic Sagas, 121. Divine Justice, 122. Lawgiver Gods, 123. Fate and Destiny, 124. Goddess of Fate, 125. Mythical Journeys, 126. Sacred Quests, 127. Legendary Warriors, 128. Divine Warriors, 129. Mythic Weapons, 130. Divine Fire, 131. Sacred Waters, 132. Ritual Purification, 133. Divine Punishment, 134. Celestial Beings, 135. Divine Intervention, 136. Miraculous Events, 137. Mythical Healing, 138. Oracles in Mythology, 139. Divine Prophecy, 140. Sacred Oracles, 141. Divine Inspiration, 142. Mythical Heroes, 143. Sacred Challenges, 144. Heroic Deeds, 145. Divine Tests, 146. Sacred Temples, 147. Religious Architecture, 148. Divine Relics, 149. Sacred Icons, 150. Holy Artifacts, 151. Mythical Artifacts, 152. Divine Healers, 153. Sacred Illnesses, 154. Divine Retribution, 155. Divine Transformation, 156. Animal Metamorphosis, 157. Godly Sacrifices, 158. Blood Sacrifices, 159. Mythic Resurrection, 160. Life and Death, 161. Rebirth Myths, 162. Creation of Man, 163. Divine Origins, 164....
Chapter 1: General Geography of the Biblical World
This chapter lays the foundation by outlining the general geography of regions mentioned in the Bible. It includes a description of the known world during biblical times, encompassing the Mediterranean basin, the Near East, and parts of Africa and Asia.
Chapter 2: The Geography of Palestine
Focuses on the land of Canaan, detailing its physical characteristics, cities, and division among the twelve tribes of Israel. It explores the major geographic landmarks and their significance in biblical history, such as the Jordan River, the Dead Sea, and the city of Jerusalem.
Chapter 3: The Topography of Jerusalem
Offers an in-depth look at Jerusalem’s geographical and topographical features. This chapter discusses the city’s layout, its significant sites like the Temple Mount, and its role in the biblical narrative. It also explores the historical changes to Jerusalem’s landscape over time.
Chapter 4: The Route of the Patriarchs
Examines the journeys undertaken by biblical figures such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It maps out their travels across the ancient Near East and explains how these routes influenced their historical and religious significance.
Chapter 5: The Cities of the Bible
Analyzes various cities mentioned in the Bible, including their historical and geographical contexts. This chapter provides detailed descriptions of important cities like Jericho, Bethlehem, and Nineveh, discussing their roles in biblical events.
Chapter 6: The Historical Context of Biblical Events
This chapter connects specific geographical locations with key biblical events. It explores the impact of geography on historical events such as battles, migrations, and conquests. It also integrates archaeological findings to support the biblical accounts.
Chapter 7: The Natural Features of the Biblical Lands
Details the physical geography, including mountains, rivers, and deserts, and their significance in biblical narratives. This chapter explains how natural features influenced the lives and experiences of biblical figures.
Chapter 8: Archaeological Discoveries
Discusses archaeological evidence related to the biblical world. It includes findings that corroborate biblical descriptions and helps to validate the historical accuracy of the biblical text.
Chapter 9: Comparative Geography
Compares the biblical geography with other ancient texts and historical accounts. This chapter provides a broader context for understanding the biblical world by aligning it with external sources and historical geography.
Chapter 10: The Influence of Geography on Biblical Culture
Explores how the geography of the biblical world influenced the culture, religion, and daily life of the people. It examines how geographical factors shaped religious practices, social structures, and historical developments.
Chapter 11: Maps and Illustrations
Provides a collection of maps and illustrations to visually represent the geographical and historical contexts discussed in previous chapters. This section helps to visualize the locations and routes described throughout the book.
Chapter 12: Appendices and Index
Includes additional material such as appendices with supplementary information and an index for easy reference. The appendices may contain detailed lists, additional maps, or further explanations on specific topics covered in the book.
and-
Here are a dozen or so places talked about in the book on a sacred and deep level of understanding -
1. The Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden is depicted as the idyllic paradise where the first humans, Adam and Eve, lived before their fall from grace. Wells explores the traditional locations proposed for Eden, often associating it with the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. The chapter discusses the descriptions provided in the Book of Genesis, such as the river flowing out of Eden to water the garden and dividing into four heads: Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, and Euphrates. Wells also examines the symbolic elements of Eden, including its trees, particularly the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the Tree of Life.
2. The Land of Nod
Following the expulsion from Eden, Cain is said to have settled in the Land of Nod. Wells discusses the enigmatic nature of Nod, its geographical ambiguity, and its representation as a place of exile. The chapter highlights the lack of precise location details in the biblical text and examines various traditional interpretations and speculative locations.
3. The Mountains of Ararat
Mount Ararat is traditionally associated with the resting place of Noah’s Ark after the floodwaters receded. Wells provides information on the geographical features of Ararat and its location in the eastern part of modern-day Turkey. The chapter discusses various theories and historical accounts related to the Ark’s final resting place and the mountain’s significance in the flood narrative.
4. Mount Moriah
Mount Moriah is famously associated with the binding of Isaac and the location where Solomon built the Temple. Wells explores its significance as a central sacred site in Jerusalem, discussing the traditional identification of Mount Moriah with the Temple Mount and its role in various biblical events. The chapter also covers the theological implications of the site as a place of divine testing and covenant.
5. The Plains of Moab
The Plains of Moab, located east of the Jordan River, are noted as the place where Moses delivered his final speeches before the Israelites entered the Promised Land. Wells provides details about the geographical and strategic significance of the plains and their role in the transition from wilderness wandering to settlement.
6. The City of Dan
Dan is discussed as one of the northernmost cities of ancient Israel, important for its role in the kingdom of Israel and its religious significance. Wells covers its geographical location and its mention in the context of the tribal allotments and the establishment of alternative worship sites.
7. The City of Bethel associated with Jacob’s vision of the ladder reaching to heaven, is highlighted for its religious and geographical importance. The chapter discusses its role as a significant site of worship and prophecy in the ancient Israelite tradition.
8. The Cosmic Mountains
The Cosmic Mountains refer to the idea of sacred mountains that were believed to connect the heavens and the earth, representing divine order and stability. Wells discusses this concept within the broader context of ancient Near Eastern cosmology and biblical literature. These mountains are often symbolic of the divine presence and cosmic order, featuring in various myths and religious texts as places where gods or divine beings reside.
9. Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon is mentioned for its significance as a high mountain in the region that was considered sacred. Wells explores its role in the context of biblical events and its association with the divine or supernatural. The chapter examines its geographical prominence and its place in the spiritual landscape of the ancient world.
10. Mount Nebo
Mount Nebo is where Moses is said to have viewed the Promised Land before his death. Wells describes its location, traditionally identified with a peak in the region of Moab, and its significance in the context of Moses' final moments and the transition of leadership to Joshua.
11. Mount Tabor
Mount Tabor is associated with the Transfiguration of Jesus in the New Testament. Wells provides details about its geographical features and its role in Christian tradition as a site of divine revelation and transformation.
12. Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim
These two mountains are significant for the covenant renewal ceremony conducted by Joshua. Wells discusses their geographical positioning in relation to each other and their symbolic role in the blessings and curses pronounced to the Israelites
continued -
1. Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a focal point of the biblical narrative and receives extensive coverage in the book. Wells describes its significance as the spiritual and political center of ancient Israel. The chapter discusses the city’s geographical features, such as its location on a series of hills and its position relative to the surrounding regions. Key sites within Jerusalem are highlighted, including the Temple Mount, where Solomon’s Temple and later Herod’s Temple stood. The book also explores the historical evolution of Jerusalem’s layout and its central role in various biblical events.
2. The Temple Mount
The Temple Mount in Jerusalem is depicted as a crucial site for Jewish worship and biblical history. Wells provides details about its significance, describing the Temple's construction by Solomon and its subsequent destruction and rebuilding. The chapter covers the architectural and religious importance of the Temple Mount, as well as its impact on Jewish religious practices and its symbolism in Christian and Islamic traditions.
3. Bethlehem
Bethlehem is identified as the birthplace of King David and, according to the New Testament, the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Wells discusses the town’s geographical location and its significance in biblical prophecy. The chapter also covers Bethlehem’s role in the lineage of David and its importance in Christian theology.
4. Jericho
Jericho is famous for the biblical account of the Israelites’ conquest of the city, where the walls fell after the Israelites marched around them for seven days. The book provides an overview of Jericho’s geographical location near the Jordan River and its strategic importance. It also discusses archaeological evidence related to the ancient city’s ruins and how they correspond to the biblical account.
5. The Jordan River
The Jordan Rive...
Contents custom overview -
Sorcerers: The world of shadows as a rival to the world of light; sacerdotal representations of the dark world; diabolic manifestations in religious life; the sorcerer as the priest of the demoniacal church; preparation for the Sabbath; the Sabbath itself; evocation of demons; books of the sorcerers; pacts with demons; concrete notions about demons from old authors; involuntary demoniacs; possession by demons; necromancy and the evocation of the dead; spells; philtres and death spells; and the punishment of sorcerers.
Magicians: The Jewish and Christian cabbalists; astrology and the macrocosm; astrology and the microcosm; metoposcopy, or the science of the frontal lines; physiognomy; cheiromancy; cartomancy and the Tarot; the divinatory arts, including rhabdomancy or the art of using the divining rod; the mystery of sleep and clairvoyance; the curative virtues of invisible forces; and talismans.
Alchemists: The secret doctrine; alchemic materials and the operations of the work; and the laboratory of the alchemists and the puffers.
Illustrations in the Text: 318 listed illustrationa from book below (couldnt fit them all due to Academias lame rules on abtract word count limits!! but i digress -
• "The Alchemic Sun and Moon Linked by the Dragon" (p. 8), "The Last Judgment" (p. 26), "The Miracle of Theophilus" (p. 27), "The Last Judgment" (p. 28), "The Movement of Hell" (p. 30), "The Torments of the Damned" (p. 31), "The Last Judgment" (p. 31), "The Last Judgment" (p. 32), "The Just Delivered from Limbo" (p. 33), "The Descent of Jesus into Hell" (p. 34), "St. Michael Trampling on the Dragon" (p. 34), "Demons and Angels Contending for the Soul of a Dying Man" (p. 35), "The Punishment of Judas Iscariot" (p. 37), "The Apparition of the Devil" (p. 38), "Hell" (p. 39), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 41), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 42), "The Temptation of St. Anthony (Known as the 'Little Temptation')" (p. 44), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (p. 45), "The Temptation of St. Anthony (Known as the 'Great Temptation')" (p. 46), "Antichrist" (p. 48), "The Fear of Witchcraft" (p. 51), "The Witch" (p. 54), "The Four Witches" (p. 56), "The Four Witches" (p. 56), "Compounding the Sorcerer’s Unguent" (p. 57), "The Consecration of the Fork" (p. 58), "The Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 58), "An Assembly of Witches" (p. 59), "A Feast of Witches" (p. 60), "The Abomination of the Sorcerers" (p. 61), "An Assembly of Witches" (p. 62), "Interior of a Witches’ House" (p. 64), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 65), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 66), "Departure for the Sabbath" (p. 67), "Witches Transformed into Animals" (p. 68), "Transformation of Sorcerers" (p. 69), "The Brocken Mountain" (p. 73), "Arrival at the Sabbath" (p. 74), "Sorcerers Paying Homage to the Devil" (p. 75), "Satan Pronounces a Discourse to Sorcerers" (p. 75), "Satan Demands a Pact from Novice Sorcerers" (p. 75), "The Sabbath" (p. 77), "The Sabbath" (p. 78), "Sabbath, or the Gathering of Sorcerers" (p. 79), "A Demon Making Love to a Witch" (p. 80), "Sorcerers Presenting a Child to the Devil" (p. 81), "Feast of Sorcerers at the Sabbath" (p. 81), "Sorcerers at the Sabbath Dancing to the Sound of the Violin" (p. 81), "Dancing at the Sabbath" (p. 81), "Acrobatic Dance at the Sabbath" (p. 82), "Acrobatic Dance of a Sorcerer" (p. 82), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 83), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 83), "Sorcerer Riding on a Goat" (p. 83), "Witch Riding a Goat" (p. 83), "Children Admitted to the Sabbath for the First Time" (p. 84), "The Imprint of the Devil’s Claw" (p. 84), "Satan Makes His Future Disciples Tread Upon the Cross" (p. 85), "Satan Gives the Adepts a Black-Book in Exchange for the Gospels" (p. 85), "Satan Baptizes the Sorcerers Anew" (p. 85), "Satan Strips the Sorcerers of Their Clothing" (p. 86), "The Ritual Kiss of the Sabbath" (p. 87), "The Sabbath" (p. 87), "The Evocation of Demons" (p. 88), "The Evocation of Demons" (p. 88), "The Tower of the Witches at Lindheim" (p. 89), "The Demon Belial Presenting His Credentials to Solomon" (p. 89), "The Demon Belial Dancing Before Solomon" (p. 89), "Belial and Four Other Demons Appearing Before Solomon" (p. 90), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Magic Circle" (p. 91), "The Triangle of the Pacts" (p. 92), "The Magic Circle and the Accessories for Evocation" (p. 93), "Another Magic Circle and Pentacle of Solomon" (p. 94), "Pentacle for Conjuring Infernal Spirits" (p. 95), "The Great Pentacle" (p. 96), "Faustus" (p. 97), "The Operation of Uriel Seraphim" (p. 98), "Specimen of the Book of Spirits" (p. 99), "The Devil Forces a Pact Upon Those Who Have Made Him Appear" (p. 100), "Autograph Pact of Urbain Grandier" (p. 101), "A Demon Carrying Away a Child Under the Eyes of Its Parents, Who Had Promised It to Him by Pact" (p. 102), "Paracelsus" (p. 103), "Paracelsus" (p. 103), "A Witch Causing a Monster to Appear Before Marcomir, King of the Franks" (p. 104), "Paraphernalia of Sorcery Used by Henri III in His Satanic Operations" (p. 105), "The Castle of Vincennes and Its Keep in the Seventeenth Century" (p. 106), "Satan on His Throne" (p. 107), "Faust and Mephistopheles" (p. 108), "The Demons Theutus and Asmodeus, and the Incubus" (p. 109), "Official Portraits of Dignitaries of Hell" (p. 130), "The Devil Bearing Treasures" (p. 131), "The Demon Ashtoreth" (p. 132), "The Demon Baal" (p. 132), "The Demon Belphegor" (p. 132), "The Demon Eurynome" (p. 132), "The Demon Amduscias" (p. 132), "The Demon Asmodeus" (p. 132), "Apparition of a Demon with Human Head and a Dragon’s Body" (p. 133), "The Devil Appearing at a Cross-Roads in the Form of a Goat" (p. 134), "Faust and the Spaniel" (p. 135), "Apparition of a Demon in the Form of a Camel" (p. 136), "The Demon Behemoth" (p. 137), "Demon and Witch Changed into a Wolf and a Cat" (p. 138), "Reading the Black-Book" (p. 138), "The Devil Causing Women to Babble During Mass" (p. 140), "Demons Noting Down the Babbling of Gossips During Mass" (p. 140), "Disrespectful Conduct of the Devil to a Frivolous Woman" (p. 141), "M. Berbigier" (p. 142), "M. Berbigier Consulting the Tarot Through the Medium of Two Cartomancers, Who Bewitch Him" (p. 143), "Rhotomago and the Goblins Suggesting that M. Berbigier Shall Enter Their Fellowship" (p. 143), "Dramatic Scene Between M. Berbigier and the Fireman" (p. 144), "The Demon Sucubus and the Woman’s Self-Fulfilling Prophecy" (p. 145), "The Beautiful Women Whom the Sorcerers Make Love to" (p. 146), "The Demons as Ravishers" (p. 147), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 148), "The Devil Fearing the Sword of St. Michael" (p. 148), "The Devil Fearing the Sword of St. Michael" (p. 149), "M. Berbigier Consulting the Tarot Through the Medium of Two Cartomancers, Who Bewitch Him" (p. 149), "The Devil Appearing in the Form of a Cow" (p. 150), "The Devil Appearing in the Form of a Man" (p. 150), "A Satanic Convocation" (p. 151), "A Satanic Convocation" (p. 152), "Witches’ Sabath with the Devil" (p. 153), "A Woman Holding a Bundle of Demons" (p. 154), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 155), "The Demon Invited to Supper by the Sorcerer" (p. 156), "The Satanic Sabbaths" (p. 157), "The Devil Carrying Off Souls in His Bag" (p. 158), "Satan Making a Triumph Over the Sorcerers" (p. 158), "The Sorcerers Presenting Their Pacts to Satan" (p. 158), "The Demons Causing the Witches to Dance in a Circle" (p. 159), "Satan Receiving the Pacts of the Sorcerers" (p. 159), "The Witch’s Cauldron" (p. 160), "A Woman Receiving the Secret of the Demon from an Old Sorcerer" (p. 161), "A Woman Being Unclothed by the Demon in Order to Accomplish the Sorcery" (p. 162), "The Demons Showing the Sorcerers the Vision of the Future" (p. 162), "The Devils Showing the Future" (p. 163), "The Devils Revealing the Future" (p. 164), "The Devil Showing His Power" (p. 164), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 164), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 165), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 166), "Satan Receiving the Confession of a Witch" (p. 166), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 167), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 168), "Satan Making an Offering of the Witches to the Sorcerers" (p. 168), "The Devil and the Witches" (p. 168), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 169), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 170), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 171), "The Devil Watching the Sabbath" (p. 172), "The Devil Making the Witches Dance in a Circle" (p. 172), "The Devil Making the Witches Dance in...
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I.Mythological texts to The Creation LEGENDS - page 1
1. The Babylonian Cosmogony According to Damascius ... 44
2. Marduk's Role in Creation (The Enuma Elish) ...44
3. The Creation of the Moon and the Sun ... 46
4. Another Version of the Creation of the World by Marduk (So-called "Bilingual of Creation") ...47
5. The Creation of Cattle and Beasts ....50 6. An Incantation Against Toothache ....52
7. An Assyrian Building Inscription with Cosmological References ...58
8. An Address to the River of Creation ....60
9. The Legend of the Seven Evil Demons ...63
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II. PRIMITIVE REVELATION AND THE EARLY KINGS
1. Primitive Revelation (Berossos) .....76
2. The Story of the Flood (The Gilgamesh Epic) .... 80
3. The Babylonian Flood Story ...103
4. Another Ancient Babylonian Deluge Fragment ...08
5. The Babylonian Deluge According to Berossos ...109
6. The Destruction by Fire .....112
7. The Legend of Atrahasis .......113
8. Ishtar's Descent to the Underworld ..121
9. The Legend of Sargon, King of Agade ...135
III. HYMNS, PRAYERS, AND WISDOM LITERATURE
1. Hymn to the Moon God ..... 141
2. Hymn to Ramman, the Weather God ....... 147
3. Processional Hymn to Marduk .......0
4. A Prayer of the Raising of the Hand to Ishtar .................. 153
5. Hymn to Ishtar ..... 161
6. Fragment of Wisdom Literature (The So-called Babylonian Job) ....... 164
7. An Incantation with Ethical Contents .....170
8. Fragment of Wisdom Literature .........175
9. A Prayer for Restoration ......... 178
10. Hymn to Tammuz (Noah) ........179
11. Hymn to Tammuz (Noah) (Second Version) .................. 182
12. A Prayer for a Favorable Dream ....... 185
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V. LITURGICAL AND DOCTRINAL TEXTS
1. The Supposed Babylonian Sabbath ...189
2. The Gods of the Months ...........192
3. The Doctrine of Substitution ..........195
4. The Scapegoat Ritual .......196
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V. CHRONOLOGICAL MATERIALS
1. The Babylonian King List A ......201
2. The Babylonian King List B .........202
3. A Chronicle Concerning Sargon and Other Early Babylonian and Assyrian Rulers ....03
4. The Babylonian Chronicle ......208
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VI. HISTORICAL TEXTS
1. The Code of Hammurabi ......... 243
2. The Tell-el-Amarna Period (1400 B.C.) .....252
3. Ashurnazirpal (885-860 B.C.) .......... 283
4. Shalmaneser III (859-825 B.C.) .....88
5. Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.) .....308
6. Sargon II (722-705 B.C.) ...... 323
7. Sennacherib (704-682 B.C.) ....... 332
8. Esarhaddon (680-668 B.C.) and Ashurbanipal (668-625 B.C.) .....349
9. Nebuchadrezzar (604-562 B.C.) ...... 360
10. Nabonidus, Belshazzar, and Cyrus ..... 371
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VII. LEGAL TEXTS
1. A Kudurru, or Boundary Stone ....387
2. A Certificate of Adoption .........393
3. A Marriage Contract ..........394
4. The Code of Hammurabi ..............395
The book as a whole is a comprehensive collection of ancient Mesopotamian texts, organized into several thematic chapters that offer insights into the parallels between these texts and the Old Testament.
The Creation Legends section begins with an exploration of Babylonian cosmogony, focusing on the role of the god Marduk in creation, and includes various versions of creation stories, such as the "Enuma Elish" and others detailing the formation of the moon, sun, cattle, and beasts. This chapter also delves into related myths, including incantations and an Assyrian building inscription that includes cosmological references.
The next chapter, Primitive Revelation and the Early Kings, examines ancient beliefs about divine revelation and the early rulers of Mesopotamia. It includes several versions of the Flood story, fragments from the Gilgamesh Epic, and legends such as the story of Atrahasis, Ishtar's descent to the underworld, and the tale of Sargon, King of Agade.
Hymns, Prayers, and Wisdom Literature presents a collection of religious texts, including hymns dedicated to various deities like the Moon God, Ramman, and Marduk. This section also includes prayers, fragments of wisdom literature, and ethical incantations, offering a window into the spiritual life and moral concerns of the ancient Mesopotamians.
In the Liturgical and Doctrinal Texts chapter, the focus shifts to religious practices and doctrines, including the supposed Babylonian Sabbath, the worship of gods associated with different months, and rituals such as the doctrine of substitution and the scapegoat ritual.
The Chronological Materials section provides historical context with king lists and chronicles that detail the reigns of various Babylonian and Assyrian rulers. These texts are crucial for understanding the political history of Mesopotamia and its influence on the region.
Historical Texts is a chapter that includes significant legal and administrative documents, such as the Code of Hammurabi and inscriptions from the Tell-el-Amarna period. It also features annals and inscriptions from notable kings like Ashurnazirpal, Shalmaneser III, Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabonidus, Belshazzar, and Cyrus, providing a detailed account of their reigns and military campaigns.
Lastly, Legal Texts offers a look at various legal documents, including boundary stones, certificates of adoption, marriage contracts, and the full text of the Code of Hammurabi. These texts illuminate the legal frameworks that governed ancient Mesopotamian society.
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CHAPTER I. (Page 1) Signs of the Times: This chapter discusses the social and political turmoil in Europe, including the decline of imperialism, discontent among the masses, and the weakening of monarchies. It highlights the spiritual and moral challenges of the era, such as political corruption, the liquor curse, and demands from atheists, alongside a growing Christian activism and the spread of moral reforms.
CHAPTER II. (Page 39) The Father and the Son: Two-Fold Character of the Plan: Explores the theological indifference to prophecy and conflicting theories regarding the First and Second Advents of Christ. The chapter outlines God’s redemptive plan, beginning with the Garden of Eden and the promise of restoration, examining the role of justice, the inadequacies of blood sacrifices, and the anticipated restoration of spiritual Israel.
CHAPTER III. (Page 71) Israel and Judah in Prophecy: Analyzes the prophetic roles of Israel and Judah in the context of biblical promises. It considers historical retrospections and questions whether contemporary events signal the fulfillment of these prophecies. The chapter focuses on David’s throne, the concept of the latter-day Temple, and the spiritual restoration of Israel as its builder.
CHAPTER V. (Page 119) Spiritual Israel in the New World; The Tender Twig "Planted Upon an High Mountain": Examines the journey of the Puritans, their suffering, and eventual settlement in America, which is interpreted as the New Heavens and New Earth. It discusses the symbolic nature of biblical language, the role of America in prophecy, and the transformation of the land into a new Promised Land.
CHAPTER VI. (Page 139) The God-Appointed Name—America: Investigates the origin and significance of the name "America," challenging popular misconceptions and tracing its true meaning within a prophetic framework. The chapter connects America’s name and destiny with divine symbolism and the broader narrative of God’s plan.
CHAPTER VII. (Page 156) Material Endowments of the Land: Describes America as Israel's prophetic "place of their own," endowed with vast natural resources and free from wild beasts, making it a suitable home for a burgeoning population. The chapter emphasizes America’s role as a new Promised Land, rich in material blessings and opportunities.
CHAPTER VIII. (Page 171) The God of Heaven Shall Set Up a Kingdom: Chronicles the growth of America and the decline of monarchies, portraying America’s development as a theocratic republic in alignment with biblical prophecy. It discusses the emergence of a spiritual kingdom, opposing imperialism and advocating a divine governance model.
CHAPTER X. (Page 212) Death-Blow to Papacy and Imperialism: Pivotal Point of the Ages: Explores the decline of the Papacy and imperial powers, considering it a pivotal moment in history. The chapter examines prophetic timelines, the rise of secularism, and the profound impact of events like the French Revolution on the spiritual landscape.
CHAPTER XI. (Page 245) Fiery Trials and Judgments for Cleansing the Kingdom: Discusses the ongoing judgments and purifications necessary for the establishment of God's Kingdom. It addresses the "tares among the wheat," the wrath of God manifested through plagues and earthquakes, and the cleansing of the land and temple. The chapter highlights the desperate opposition from infidels and corrupt rulers, the church's responsibility in societal decay, and the foretold trials that will refine the faithful.
CHAPTER XII. (Page 267) Binding the Dragon for a Thousand Years: Examines the symbolic "binding of the dragon" from the Book of Revelation, interpreted as the restraint of Satan's influence during a millennium of peace. The chapter discusses various interpretations of key symbols, such as the dragon, abyss, and key, while exploring the elements of this final conflict between spiritual Israel and imperialism. The period of Satan’s quiescence is presented as a divinely ordained time for the flourishing of God’s Kingdom.
CHAPTER XIII. (Page 278) Behold, He Cometh with Clouds to Take the Kingdom: Analyzes the prophetic vision of Christ's return, described as coming "with clouds" to establish His Kingdom. The chapter interprets this imagery as symbolic of divine presence and judgment, emphasizing the global impact of His return. It discusses the apathy of the contemporary church, the gathering of the elect, and the fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan, leading to a new moral and spiritual epoch.
CHAPTER XIV. (Page 301) The Millennial Glory: Describes the reign of Christ during the millennium, emphasizing a period of peace, righteousness, and divine favor. The chapter discusses Paul's vision of the millennial kingdom, the restoration of creation, and the elimination of curses and sorrow. It portrays a world transformed by holiness, faith, and the healing of the nations, where death is ultimately defeated, and humanity experiences the fullness of God’s blessings.
CHAPTER XV. (Page 324) The New Jerusalem: Explores the symbolic meaning of the New Jerusalem, rejecting a literal interpretation in favor of a profound spiritual truth. The chapter delves into the language of gems used to describe the city, drawing connections to ancient symbolism and expressing the ultimate unity between God and His people. It highlights the descent of the Holy City as a present reality for the faithful, with more to come as God’s plan unfolds.
CHAPTER XVI. (Page 334) The Release of the Dragon; Christ’s Personal Coming in Judgment: Concludes with the prophetic release of the dragon, symbolizing a brief resurgence of evil before its final defeat. The chapter discusses the division of the Apocalypse, the renewal of the old spiritual war, and the consignment of Satan to the abyss. It ends with the victorious return of Christ in judgment, the resurrection of the saints, and the ultimate restoration of all things under God’s eternal reign
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Prophecy, divine judgment, biblical prophecy, Israel and Judah, God's Kingdom, millennial reign, end times, second advent, spiritual Israel, David's throne, latter-day temple, apocalyptic vision, God's plan, redemption, biblical symbolism, New Jerusalem, Christ's return, divine restoration, Christian theology, spiritual warfare, religious prophecy, end of imperialism, Satan's defeat, binding of the dragon, holy city, spiritual revival, God's judgment, resurrection of saints, New Heavens and Earth, spiritual awakening, faith and redemption, Christian morality, theological discourse, kingdom of God, apocalyptic literature, millennial kingdom, prophetic timeline, spiritual purification, trials of faith, God's deliverance, final judgment, biblical eschatology, divine governance, spiritual Israel in prophecy, second coming, God's eternal reign, kingdom of heaven, prophetic fulfillment, eschatological themes, end-time events, spiritual symbols, Christian prophecy, divine intervention, religious symbolism, apocalypse, prophetic vision, spiritual rebirth, resurrection, divine justice, theological reflection, spiritual endurance, end-time prophecy, God's promise, final victory, divine covenant, Christian eschatology, apocalyptic prophecy, spiritual destiny, Davidic kingdom, prophetic scripture, messianic prophecy, Christ's millennial reign, spiritual truth, biblical restoration, end of days, prophetic fulfillment, apocalyptic events, divine providence, faith and prophecy, God's people, spiritual Israel in America, prophecy and fulfillment, symbolic interpretation, prophetic events, eschatological prophecy, apocalyptic signs, divine plan, holy scriptures, spiritual promises, Christian salvation, prophetic signs, biblical end times, divine kingdom, Christ's second coming, prophetic insights, spiritual interpretation, Christian faith, divine protection, God's kingdom on earth, apocalyptic revelations, millennial prophecy, end of the world, Christian prophecy, divine foreknowledge, biblical themes, prophetic warnings, spiritual awakening, eschatology, biblical justice, God's holy word, prophetic visions, divine wrath, kingdom prophecy, spiritual kingdom, divine authority, Christ's victory, spiritual Israel, divine prophecy, holy prophecy, Christian revelation, divine will, kingdom of Christ, apocalyptic theology, prophetic insight, divine truth, biblical predictions, holy covenant, God's divine plan, kingdom of heaven, end-time prophecy, spiritual revelations, Christian prophecy and doctrine, apocalyptic future, spiritual renewal, prophetic destiny, divine restoration, holy city of Jerusalem, spiritual Israel in prophecy, end times and prophecy, messianic kingdom, biblical prophecy and theology, holy scriptures and prophecy, divine prophecies, Christ's return in glory, God's final judgment, end of Satan's reign, divine intervention in history, prophetic timeline and events, spiritual destiny of Israel, God's chosen people, end-time events in prophecy, biblical symbolism and prophecy, prophetic literat...
south-western Asia that for the study of its growth the early history of those lands is more important than the barbarous life which Celts, Germans, and others lived within the limits of Europe. Europeans, who wish to follow the history of their own development from its origins, must first of all become acquainted with the civilizations of Egyptian, Sumerian, Hittite, Semitic and other peoples of north-eastern Africa and south-western Asia, and therefore our first volume is concerned mainly with these peoples. Behind the civilizations of Babylon and Egypt lies a vast and
still little known tract of time during which man was gradually toiling up towards that relatively high stage of civilization he had reached when he first appears to us in his written records. The discoveries which have rewarded the geologists, geographers, and anthropologists of the last few decades have made it feasible to attempt a reconstruction of the story of man in Europe and its environs throughout those prehistoric millenniums. The story of the land-masses prior to the formation of the present con- tinental system can in some measure be written down and its significance apprehended. It is not out of place to recall that the written history of one of the peoples of Palestine, which represents only the unscientific ideas of an early age, was up to very recent times thought by learned men to furnish an authentic account of the beginnings of the earth and the human race.
(SEE book for exact page numbers ) Below is a retype of the original complete contents in all parts to Illustrations etc)
Table of Contents
Chapter I: Primitive Man in Geological Time
By John L. Myres, , Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, Oxford
Definition of History; Nature and Man; Pre-glacial Geography; The sea of Tethys; Tertiary mountain-building; Crust movements; Beginning of the Mediterranean; Tertiary flora and fauna; Africa separated from Asia; The Highland Zone; Relation to the Southern Flatland; African fauna; The Glacial Crisis; Effect upon flora and fauna; The principal human races; Mongoloid man and his extension; African fauna and African man; Sequence of human types; The white races; Palaeolithic Man in the South and East; The Nile Valley; Domesticated plants and animals; Links between Egypt and Europe; Man in Syria and Arabia; The Semites; Palestine; The Euphrates and Mesopotamia; The Ice Age in the Near East; Conditions in Armenia and Iran; The Ice Age in Europe; Mousterian man; Later types; Later Palaeolithic cultures; The Close of the Old Stone Age; The kitchen-middens; Swamp and forest in north-west Europe.
Chapter II: Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures
By T.L. Myres
The Highland Zone and Alpine Man; The forests; Varieties of man; Forest culture and polished implements; Characteristics of Neolithic culture; Inventions; Eurasian and Eurafrican cradle-lands; Pottery and pottery styles; Regional types of Neolithic culture: Alpine, The lake-dwelling; Regional types: the Danube Basin, Danubian pottery, South-eastern Europe and Asia Minor; Regional types: the Tripolje culture; The culture of the north-eastern steppe; Waggon-dwelling culture; Languages; The culture of Anau and Susa; Contact with the west; The red-ware culture of the Nearer East; The influence of Cyprus and Syria; The culture of the eastern Mediterranean; Early Aegean culture; The culture of the western Mediterranean and its 'Megalithic' origins; The culture of the Beaker-folk; The coming of Bronze; Aegean influence; The Hallstatt culture; The horse; First appearance of iron; Cremation and its offshoots.
Chapter III: Exploration and Excavation
By R.A. Stewart Macalister, Litt.D., F.S.A., Professor of Celtic Archaeology, University College, Dublin
The Relation of Archaeology to History; Petrie's pottery test; Egypt: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; Mesopotamia: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; Syria and Palestine: Surface exploration, Decipherment, Excavation; The Hittite Empire; The Aegean Civilization; The work of Schliemann; Periods of Cretan culture; Cyprus; Decipherment of Cypriote.
Chapter IV: Chronology
By Stanley A. Cook, Litt.D., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Introduction; Mesopotamian usage; The limmu lists; The testimony of Berosus; Assyrian data; Dates of Hammurabi and Sargon; Table of dates; The Old Testament; Character of data; Period of the monarchy; Exilic and post-exilic period; Pre-monarchical period; General character of the chronology; Table of dates; Egyptian Chronology; Direct sources; Sothic cycle; Date of Menes; Date of the XIIth Dynasty; Date of the calendar, 4241 B.C.; Table of dates; Prehistoric Greece; Archaeological periods; Early and Middle Minoan; Late Minoan; Greek legend and tradition; Helladic and Minoan co-ordinations; Thessalian periods.
Chapter V: The Semites
By S.A. Cook
People, Language, and Movements; Geographical limits; The 'sons' of Noah: Shem; The Semitic languages; The alphabet; Migrations and trading movements; Semitization of immigrants; Influence of Arabia; Temperament and Thought; Psychology of the languages; Religious characteristics; Polytheism and Monotheism; Semitic and non-Semitic thought; The extremes of the Semites; Social and political development; The haal; Attitude to the divine powers; Fundamental ideas; Men and the gods; The sanctity of kings; Historical vicissitudes; Treatment of history; Treatment of tradition; Attitude to development; The writing of history; Historical ideas; Syria and Palestine; The story of Sinuhe; Amor and Mesopotamia; Amorite gods; The Hyksos; Native Palestinian traditions; Genesis, chap. xiv; Paucity of historical material.
Chapter VI: Egypt: The Predynastic Period
By T. Eric Peet, M.A., Professor of Egyptology, Liverpool University
The Evidence of the Cemeteries; Predynastic burial; Predynastic settlements; Pottery and stone vases; Physical type, language, and religion; Data for history; Introduction of the Calendar; Sources for the predynastic period; Historical slate palettes; Ivory knife-handle from Gebel el-Arak; Original home of the predynastic Egyptian; Indications of eastern origin.
Chapter VII: The Union of Egypt and the Old Kingdom Dynasties
By H.R. Hall
The lists of kings; Sources; Infiltration of aliens; Hamites and Armenoids; Kingdoms of the north and south; Pre-Menic kings; The origins of Menes; Narmerza; The court of Semti; The dead and mummification; Dynasties II-IV; Zoser and the first pyramid; The age of Snefru; Pyramids of Gizeh; Zenith of Egyptian art; Mycerinus; The close of the Old Kingdom; The 'son of the Sun-god'; Art and religion; The 'admonitions of Ptahhotep'; Unis and the pyramid at Sakkarah; Pepi; Uni in Palestine; Entrance of negroes; The Heracleopolites.
Chapter VIII: The Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Conquest
By H.R. Hall
Dynasties XI and XII; Amenemhet I and the god Amon; The Instructions of Amenemhet; The story of Sinuhe; The works of Senusret (Sesostris) I; Relations with Crete; Senusret III, the historical Sesostris; Amenemhet III; The Hyksos; North Syrian movements; Yekeb-hal, Khian, and other kings; Expulsion of the Hyksos; The internal conditions of the age; Life of the people; Officials and soldiers; Tombs and religion; The priesthood; Religious literature; A Messianic prophecy.
Chapter IX: Life and Thought in Egypt under the Old and Middle Kingdoms
By T.E. Peet
General Egyptian character; The archaic period and the Old Kingdom; Local and solar cults; Osiris; The Ka; The tomb, death, and the hereafter; The earlier intermediate period, VII to Xth dynasties; Language and writing; Early literature; Pessimism; The Middle Kingdom; Moral standards; 'Story of the Eloquent Peasant'; Coffin Texts; Belief in a judgment; Hike, magic, and morality.
Chapter X: Early Babylonia and Its Cities
By Stephen H. Langdon, M.A., B.D., Ph.D., Professor and Shillito Reader in Assyriology, Oxford
Physical characteristics; The Euphrates and Lower Mesopotamia; Sumer and the date-palm; The origin of the Sumerians; The cultures of Anau and Susa; Earliest traditional dynasties; The first city-states; The third dynasty of Kish; The fourth dynasty of Kish; Sumerian writing and religion; Records of the city-states; Lagash; Enkhegal and Ur-Nina; Shuruppak and its legends; The dynasty of Ur-Nina, 3100 B.C.; Eannatum and Enannatum; Entemena and his son; Rise of priests of Lagash; Social reforms of Urukagina; Inroad of Lugal-zaggisi; Other cities; Umma; Adab; Nippur; Isin and Larak; Kish; Cuthah; Sippar; Erech; Larsa (Ellasar); Ur; Abu Shahrein (Eridu); Myth of Adapa; Ashur.
Chapter XI: The Dynasties of Akkad and Lagash
By S.H. Langdon
The rise of the dynasty of Sargon; Stories of his origin; Conquests in the west; The foundation of Agade; Accession of Rimush; Manishtusu; Contemporary monuments; Purchase of estates; Naram-Sin and the decline of the dynasty; Deification of Naram-Sin; His conquests; Expedition to Magan; The 'Stele of Victory'; Submission of Elam, Lagash, and Nippur; Reign of Shargalisharri; The rise of Gutium; Period of anarchy; Gutium and Lagash; The kings of Gutium; Ur-Bau of Lagash; The kingdom of Gudea of Lagash; The statues of Gudea; Contemporary art and literature; Overthrow of the dynasty of Gutium.
Revised Content in Paragraph Form
The Sumerian Revival: The Empire of Ur by S. H. Langdon
I. Ur-Engur and Dungi: Might of Ur-Engur, Conquests in the east, Submission of Susa. II. Lagash and other cities of the Empire: Sumerian liturgies, The principal cults, Conditions in Akkad. III. The eastern provinces: Early deities of the east, Semitic infusion. IV. The northern and western extension: Ashur, Subartu, Cappadocia and its Semitic colony. V. The decline of Sumerian power: Bur-Sin, Gimil-Sin, Ibi-Sin and his overthrow, Sumerian law and calendar, The influence of the Sumerians.
Isi...
Furthermore, "Sefer ha-brit ha-hadashah" serves as a testament to the historical interactions between Jewish and Christian scholars. Its publication highlights the complex dynamics of interfaith dialogue during the 19th century, where translations like this were not merely academic exercises but were often imbued with the hope of fostering understanding and dialogue between two religious communities with shared scriptural roots
In sum, the 1847 Hebrew translation of the New Testament is a significant cultural and theological document that encapsulates the complexities of religious interaction and interpretation in a period of profound change. Its existence underscores the ongoing quest for mutual respect and deeper comprehension across different faith traditions.
And deeper hermeneutically speaking this is a Hebrew translation of the New Testament, involves interpreting the text within the context of its language, cultural background, theological implications, and its intended audience—primarily Jewish readers. This translation carries significant hermeneutical considerations due to its unique positioning between Jewish and Christian traditions.
**1. Linguistic and Cultural Context:
Hebrew Language: Translating the New Testament into Hebrew brings the text into a linguistic context deeply rooted in Jewish history, religion, and culture. Hebrew words and phrases are loaded with meanings that go beyond the immediate text, drawing connections to the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and Jewish liturgy.
Jewish Audience: The translation was likely intended for Jewish readers, many of whom were familiar with the Hebrew Bible but not the New Testament. The hermeneutical challenge here is to make the Christian message understandable and relatable within a Jewish framework without losing the original meaning of the Greek text.
2. Theological Context:
Messianic Expectations: The Hebrew translation emphasizes the messianic identity of Jesus (Yeshua), a central theme in the New Testament. In Hebrew, the title "Mashiach" (Messiah) is laden with expectations derived from Jewish eschatology. This might lead to a different reception of Jesus' role compared to the Greek or English versions, where "Christos" or "Christ" may not carry the same cultural weight.
Fulfillment of Prophecy: The New Testament often portrays Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. In Hebrew, these connections are made more explicit, as the language naturally aligns with the prophetic texts. For instance, prophecies in Isaiah or Psalms quoted in the New Testament might resonate more strongly in Hebrew, making the case for Jesus as the Messiah more compelling to Jewish readers.
3. Hermeneutical Strategies:
Bridging Jewish and Christian Worlds: The translation acts as a bridge between Jewish and Christian hermeneutics, attempting to present the New Testament as a continuation and fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible. This involves careful translation choices that respect Jewish sensibilities while conveying Christian doctrines.
Allegorical and Typological Interpretation: The Hebrew text might encourage Jewish readers to see the New Testament in light of traditional Jewish methods of interpretation, such as allegory and typology. For example, just as Jewish hermeneutics often finds deeper meanings in Biblical narratives, the Hebrew New Testament might be read with an eye toward hidden or symbolic meanings that align with Jewish thought.
4. Challenges and Controversies:
Potential Resistance: Jewish readers might approach this text with skepticism, given the long history of Christian missionary efforts among Jews. The hermeneutical challenge is to present the text in a way that is respectful and persuasive, without alienating its intended audience.
Intertextuality: The Hebrew translation invites readers to compare the New Testament with the Hebrew Bible, potentially leading to different interpretative outcomes than those reached by readers of the Greek or English versions. For instance, the use of Hebrew idioms and references could highlight or obscure certain theological points, depending on the reader's familiarity with Jewish texts.
5. Impact on Interpretation:
Enhanced Jewish-Christian Understanding: For Jewish readers, the Hebrew translation could offer a new perspective on the New Testament, revealing connections to Jewish tradition that might be less apparent in other languages. This could lead to a richer, more nuanced understanding of Christian teachings.
Reinforcement of Christian Doctrine: For Christian readers familiar with Hebrew, this translation might reinforce the view that the New Testament fulfills the Hebrew Bible's promises, potentially deepening their faith by highlighting the continuity between the Testaments.
Conclusion:
The hermeneutics of "Sefer ha-brit ha-hadashah l'adonenu u'moshienu Yeshue ha-meshiah" involve navigating the complex interplay between language, culture, and theology. The Hebrew translation is not just a linguistic exercise but a profound attempt to present Christian scriptures in a way that resonates with Jewish thought and tradition. This effort to bridge Jewish and Christian worlds makes the text a unique and significant work in the history of biblical interpretation.
This is a super rare text for New Testament Linguistics and History and figured I would upload this to any if my followers that can read Hebrew and put this upload to the very front bc of the rarity of the document! Enjoy! Also encourage people to visit my New Alexandria libary of Texas page where I have other rare books
זהו טקסט סופר נדיר לבלשנות והיסטוריה של הברית החדשה וחשבתי שאעלה את זה לכל אחד אם חסידי שיכולים לקרוא עברית ולשים את ההעלאה הזו לקדמת הספירה של נדירות המסמך! נהנה! עודדו אנשים גם לבקר בדף הספרייה החדשה שלי באלכסנדריה בטקסס, שם יש לי ספרים נדירים אחרים
tags
1. Bible, 2. Scripture, 3. Torah, 4. Apostles, 5. Gospels, 6. Jesus, 7. Yeshua, 8. Messiah, 9. Christ, 10. Covenant, 11. Old Testament, 12. New Testament, 13. Hebrews, 14. Revelation, 15. Jude, 16. Paul, 17. Peter, 18. John, 19. Matthew, 20. Mark, 21. Luke, 22. Disciples, 23. Sermon, 24. Parables, 25. Prophets, 26. Prophecy, 27. Salvation, 28. Resurrection, 29. Crucifixion, 30. Trinity, 31. Grace, 32. Faith, 33. Epistle, 34. Sin, 35. Redemption, 36. Pentecost, 37. Baptism, 38. Eucharist, 39. Beatitudes, 40. Transfiguration, 41. Ascension, 42. Second Coming, 43. Apocalypse, 44. Armageddon, 45. Martyrdom, 46. Messiahship, 47. Eschatology, 48. Hermeneutics, 49. Exegesis, 50. Midrash, 51. Talmud, 52. Mishnah, 53. Halakhah, 54. Aggadah, 55. Kabbalah, 56. Zohar, 57. Shekinah, 58. Elohim, 59. Yahweh, 60. Adonai, 61. El Shaddai, 62. Jehovah, 63. Eloah, 64. YHWH, 65. Ruach, 66. Logos, 67. Shalom, 68. Amen, 69. Hosanna, 70. Alleluia, 71. Psalms, 72. Proverbs, 73. Ecclesiastes, 74. Song of Songs, 75. Lamentations, 76. Job, 77. Isaiah, 78. Jeremiah, 79. Ezekiel, 80. Daniel, 81. Hosea, 82. Joel, 83. Amos, 84. Obadiah, 85. Jonah, 86. Micah, 87. Nahum, 88. Habakkuk, 89. Zephaniah, 90. Haggai, 91. Zechariah, 92. Malachi, 93. Genesis, 94. Exodus, 95. Leviticus, 96. Numbers, 97. Deuteronomy, 98. Joshua, 99. Judges, 100. Ruth, 101. Samuel, 102. Kings, 103. Chronicles, 104. Ezra, 105. Nehemiah, 106. Esther, 107. Theophany, 108. Christophany, 109. Apocrypha, 110. Pseudepigrapha, 111. Septuagint, 112. Vulgate, 113. Targum, 114. Dead Sea Scrolls, 115. Qumran, 116. Masoretic Text, 117. LXX, 118. Tanakh, 119. Pentateuch, 120. Haggadah, 121. Seder, 122. Mishnaic Hebrew, 123. Aramaic, 124. Koine Greek, 125. Synoptic Gospels, 126. Parousia, 127. Apocalyptic Literature, 128. Book of Enoch, 129. Jubilee, 130. Melchizedek, 131. Nephilim, 132. Sons of God, 133. Anakim, 134. Rephaim, 135. Elohim, 136. Cherubim, 137. Seraphim, 138. Archangel, 139. Michael, 140. Gabriel, 141. Raphael, 142. Uriel, 143. Beelzebub, 144. Leviathan, 145. Behemoth, 146. Gog, 147. Magog, 148. Apollyon, 149. Antichrist, 150. Babylon, 151. New Jerusalem, 152. Zion, 153. Temple, 154. Tabernacle, 155. Ark of the Covenant, 156. Holy of Holies, 157. High Priest, 158. Levites, 159. Urim and Thummim, 160. Nazarite, 161. Shema, 162. Tefillin, 163. Mezuzah, 164. Kippah, 165. Tallit, 166. Shofar, 167. Menorah, 168. Chuppah, 169. Torah Scroll, 170. Tzitzit, 171. Yad, 172. Passover, 173. Yom Kippur, 174. Rosh Hashanah, 175. Hanukkah, 176. Purim, 177. Sukkot, 178. Shavuot, 179. Simchat Torah, 180. Havdalah, 181. Kabbalat Shabbat, 182. Kiddush, 183. Challah, 184. Kosher, 185. Kashrut, 186. Shechita, 187. Tzedakah, 188. Chesed, 189. Tikkun Olam, 190. Hoshana Rabbah, 191. Yom HaShoah, 192. Yom HaZikaron, 193. Yom Ha'atzmaut, 194. Yom Yerushalayim, 195. Aliyah, 196. Diaspora, 197. Exile, 198. Return to Zion, 199. Israel, 200. Judah, 201. Ephraim, 202. Manasseh, 203. Judah Maccabee, 204. Hasmoneans, 205. Zealots, 206. Sadducees, 207. Pharisees, 208. Essenes, 209. Scribes, 210. Sanhedrin, 211. Synagogue, 212. Sabbath, 213. Jubilee Year, 214. Year of Release, 215. Shmita, 216. Shofarot, 217. Yovel, 218. Jericho, 219. Mount Sinai, 220. Mount Zion, 221. Mount Moriah, 222. Galilee, 223. Nazareth, 224. Bethlehem, 225. Gethsemane, 226. Golgotha, 227. Jordan River, 228. Dead Sea, 229. Red Sea, 230. Sea of Galilee, 231. Mount of Olives, 232. Western Wall, 233. Masada, 234. Capernaum, 235. Bethsaida, 236. Caesarea Philippi, 237. Joppa, 238. Antioch, 239. Ephesus, 240. Corinth, 241. Rome, 242. Athe...
The book offers a detailed examination of key historical figures, monumental achievements, and the socio-economic structures that defined Babylonian life. Goodspeed's work is notable for its thorough analysis of Babylon's contributions to science, literature, and law, including the famed Code of Hammurabi. Through a meticulous review of archaeological findings, historical records, and contemporary scholarly interpretations, Goodspeed presents a nuanced and authoritative narrative of one of history's most influential civilizations.
This rare volume is indispensable for historians, archaeologists, and scholars interested in ancient Mesopotamia, providing an in-depth understanding of how Babylon shaped the ancient world and its lasting impact on subsequent cultures
INTRODUCTION
PART I: THE CITY-STATES OF BABYLONIA AND THEIR UNIFICATION
• The Lands of the Euphrates and Tigris - Page 3
• The Excavations in Babylonia and Assyria - Page 14
• The Language and Literature - Page 25
• Chronology and History - Page 35
• The City States of Babylonia and Their Unification Under Babylon to 2000 B.C.
• I. Dawn of History - Page 49
• II. Movements Toward Expansion and Unification - Page 59
• III. Civilization of Old Babylonia: Political and Social - Page 69
• IV. Civilization of Old Babylonia: Literature, Science, Art, and Religion - Page 86
• V. The Times of Khammurabi of Babylon, 2300-2100 B.C. - Page 95
PART II: THE RISE OF ASSYRIA AND ITS STRUGGLES WITH BABYLONIA
• The Kassite Conquest of Babylonia and the Appearance of Assyria, 2000-1500 B.C. - Page 121
• The Early Conflicts of Babylonia and Assyria, 1500-1150 B.C. - Page 131
• Civilization and Culture in the Kassite Period - Page 143
• The Times of Tiglath-pileser I, 1100 B.C. - Page 155
PART III: THE ASCENDANCY OF ASSYRIA
• The Ancient World at the Beginning of the First Millennium, 1000 B.C. - Page 185
• and the Conquest of Mesopotamia, 885-860 B.C. - Page 203
• The Advance into Syria and the Rise of Urartu: From Shalmaneser II to the Fall of His House, 860-745 B.C. - Page 223
• The Assyrian Revival: Tiglath-pileser III and Shalmaneser IV, 745-722 B.C. - Page 265
• The Assyrian Empire at Its Height: Sargon II, 722-705 B.C. - Page 285
• The Struggle for Imperial Unity: Sennacherib, 705-681 B.C. - Page 293
• Imperial Expansion and Division: Esarhaddon, 681-668 B.C. - Page 305
• The Last Days of Splendor: Ashurbanipal, 668-626 B.C. - Page 317
• The Fall of Assyria, 626-606 B.C. - Page 327
PART IV: THE NEW BABYLONIAN (OR CHALDEAN) EMPIRE
• The Heirs of Assyria and the Rise of Babylon - Page 337
• Nebuchadnezzar and His Successors - Page 351
• Babylon Under the Chaldeans - Page 365
• The Fall of Babylon - Page 377
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY - Page 385
BIBLIOGRAPHY - Page 393
INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS - Page 405
INDEX OF OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES - Page 422
Frontispiece: The World of Oriental Antiquity
Plans of Nineveh and Babylon - Opposite page 278
Tags
Ancient History, Babylonian Empire, Assyrian Civilization, Mesopotamian Culture, Euphrates River, Tigris River, Cuneiform Script, Code of Hammurabi, Sumerian Myths, Akkadian Legends, Neo-Babylonian Dynasty, Chaldean Kings, Sumerian Religion, Babylonian Astronomers, Assyrian Art, Mesopotamian Gods, Babylonian Mathematics, Assyrian Military Tactics, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Ancient Near East, Akkadian Language, Mesopotamian Trade, Babylonian Science, Assyrian Architecture, Sumerian Inventions, Babylonian Law Codes, Assyrian Kings, Chaldean Astronomers, Mesopotamian Myths, Babylonian Magic, Assyrian Reliefs, Sumerian Temples, Babylonian Economy, Assyrian Historical Records, Mesopotamian Agriculture, Sumerian Kings, Babylonian Legends, Assyrian Empire Collapse, Mesopotamian Rituals, Akkadian Myths, Babylonian Cultural Practices, Assyrian Conquests, Sumerian Writing Systems, Mesopotamian Beliefs, Babylonian Calendars, Assyrian Tablets, Chaldean Priests, Sumerian Economy, Mesopotamian History, Babylonian Inscriptions, Assyrian Warfare, Sumerian Music, Chaldean Astronomy, Mesopotamian Society, Babylonian Artifacts, Assyrian Temples, Sumerian Artifacts, Akkadian Culture, Babylonian Dynasty, Assyrian Religion, Mesopotamian Civilization, Sumerian Legends, Babylonian Society, Assyrian Kingship, Chaldean Society, Mesopotamian Warfare, Babylonian Contributions, Assyrian Trade Routes, Sumerian Rituals, Akkadian Literature, Babylonian Religion, Assyrian Artifacts, Chaldean Kingdoms, Sumerian Texts, Mesopotamian Ritual Practices, Babylonian Gods, Assyrian Expansion, Akkadian Deities, Sumerian Beliefs, Babylonian Mythology, Assyrian Art History, Mesopotamian Technology, Babylonian Social Structure, Chaldean Empire, Sumerian Society, Akkadian Economy, Babylonian Conquests, Assyrian Engineering, Mesopotamian Chronicles, Sumerian Science, Chaldean Literature, Babylonian Kingship, Assyrian Monuments, Mesopotamian Artifacts, Akkadian Kings, Babylonian Architecture, Sumerian Social 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- 「一種明白又無奈的心態」(xi)
- 「說的時候人人明白,做的時候人人不明白。所有的人都在自欺欺人,也都知道別人在自欺欺人。」(參Peter Sloterdijk 《犬儒理性批判》)(xii)
- 「明白人心知肚明地做糊塗事」(6)
- 「它一面懷疑、不信任和不相信眼前的事物,一面卻看不到有任何改變它們的出路,剩下唯一的生存策略只能是冷漠、被動和無所作為。」(xi)
- 「普通人應對眼前不良環境的處世心態和生存策略,它具有非常專注的當下性。」(xi)
- 「普通人看穿和看透隱藏在他們[社會權威及精英]體面言行背後的自私、狡詐、虛偽、欺騙,對他們不但不信任,而且還投以諷刺和嘲笑。」(xi)
- 「它們對現有秩序的不滿轉化為一種不拒絕的理解,一種不反抗的清醒和一種不認同的接受。」(6)
- 有「與權力合作與共謀的一面」(8)
- 犬儒可以是消極而沉默的,沒有反抗性;也可以透過玩笑表達對權威的質疑與不滿,有反抗性 (13)
Approach:「玩笑裡的弱者政治」(xvii)
- 對弱者「潛政治」作批判性解釋,並非以普遍理論著手推導,而是從個別事件及現象開展一些主線脈絡:犬儒及玩笑的社會文化研究 (17)
- 「普通人可以把犬儒主義悄悄放在心裡,然而[...]一旦流露或表達出來,便一定會同時包含『嘲笑』(ridicule)和『非議』(admonishment),[...]也正是一切批判性『玩笑』的關鍵因素。」(xi)
- 「受人喜愛的政治笑話也像希特勒時期的猶太人笑話一樣,能讓許多人不至於『瘋掉』或讓他們能保持某種程度的認知清醒自明。但是,在專制統治者眼裡,這樣的政治笑話是心懷叵測、圖謀不軌,是污蔑,詆毁、中傷、抹黑、影射或負隅頑抗。」(9)
- 「玩笑和笑話為觀察普通人對日常生活世界的對錯和是非認知提供了一個不可多得的視角」(xvi)
- 所有針對現實的玩笑都有政治性,正如針對現實的政治犬儒主義 (13)
- 「在一個人們普遍戴著着假面的犬儒社會裡,這樣的資訊總是被遮掩在層層扮相、偽裝、謊言和神話的帷幕後面。越是這樣,玩笑和笑話包含的真實資訊也就越加彌足珍貴,對它們的思考也就越加有窺視帷幕後真實景象的作用和價值。」(xvi)
- 不去定義:「犬儒和幽默在相當程度上是靠感覺和體會來形成的概念,對它們來說,定義越是明確,就越容易淪為無效。」(10)
- 從效果著手探討犬儒玩笑:「事實判斷與價值判斷是相互滲透和結合在一起的。」(10)
- 「哪些現象是犬儒的?人們在製造和傳播怎樣的政治笑話?」(10)
- 在失去意識形態但保持專制、假裝意識形態仍在的社會:「這種環境中的犬儒主義或政治笑話起着怎樣的社會作用,是抵抗呢?還是逃避?」(10)
- 「犬儒言行或政治笑話對改變不良現狀是否有積極作用?」
「犬儒是看笑話,玩笑是說笑話,二者都包含着不滿、非議和批評。」(2)
- 犬儒與玩笑在專制社會是共生現象,是弱者的生存策略 (12)
- 「普通話的日常生活反抗具有變化不定、難以捉摸的特點,這是弱者為了逃避體制權力壓迫和懲罰所必須採取的策略。」(14)
- 「當一個人們習慣於沉默、忍受、順從的社會裡,普通人日常生活中許多事情的政治意義都被忽視了,因為它們是在我們經常以為非政治的地方或層面上發生。」(14)
- ref. James Scott (1990) Domination and the Arts of Resistance.
- 弱者的政治笑話可作為一種「潛政治」(infrapolitics)的隱秘反抗 (15; 見Scott 198)
- 政治變革需要爭取民主公共生活的公民權利:「如果弱者失去了這個政治目標,那麼他們雖有不滿、怨憤,也終將無法改變自己被壓迫的無權生活狀態。他們剩下的唯一可能就是為適應無可抵抗的生存環境而沉默、冷漠、順從、得過且過,甚至合作、迎合、諂媚、蛇鼠兩端、渾水摸魚。」(17)
→ 消極犬儒主義 (17)
⇓
- 「如果犬儒是一種玩世不恭的心態,那麼玩笑可以說是犬儒的淺層或表像言行特徵。」(5)
- 「這樣的犬儒玩笑既是破壞、顛覆權威的手段,又是現狀運轉的潤滑劑和安全閥」(5)
- 「都對現實秩序有着曖昧的兩面性——既不滿又遷就」,既清醒又絕望,使人裝睡叫不醒。(5)
- 「犬儒和玩笑都不是真正的抗爭,而只是被動應對、怒而不爭、無助度日的處世方式」(2)
- 「都是曖昧而變化莫測的,都難以定義」(4)
- 「玩笑雖然包含著對某些事情的不滿、憤慨和批評,但對改變這些事情卻並不抱幻想和希望。」
- 「他們對發生在身邊的乖訛、荒唐之事,裝作若無其事,輕鬆玩笑,然後隨遇而安、泰然處之。即使他們對著某些事情耿耿於懷,也還是只能用玩笑代替直言,一笑了之。」(x)
- 「玩笑的戲謔本身就是一種『不批評』的偽裝和『不爭論』的扮相。」(xi)
- 「玩笑是一種介於微弱政治批評和流行大眾娛樂之間的社會行為。」(2) [電影喜劇呢?]
犬儒嘲人又自嘲:
- 「他們經常把嘲諷和自嘲融為一體:以別人的可笑做靶子,拿自己的可笑做武器。玩笑是犬儒者應對虛假世界的方式和表現卓立不群的手段」(3)
- cf. David Mazella (2007) The Making of Modern Cynicism :「弱者的技藝」(3)
- 犬儒的玩笑非善意:「而是不懷好意、別有用心的笑——嘲笑、諷刺、譏諷、戲謔、諧音遊戲、插科打諢。」(3)
犬儒的笑:
- 「同時成為兩種矛盾情緒——不滿和接受——的奇妙結合。笑本身成為可笑的事情,一半是吐苦水的逗樂,一半是無可奈何的苦笑。」(x)
- 「介於不滿與順從之間的苦中作樂,介於憤怒與無奈之間的嬉笑怒罵,也是介於批評與消遣之間的戲謔發洩。」(xvi)
- 「這種應對可能是對壞事很在乎,但卻沒有糾正或改變的辦法,只能苦笑而已;它也可能根本就不在乎,只是覺得糗事、怪事滑稽好笑,可以逗人一笑。」(xv)
- 「都是明白人的無行動」(xv)
- 「犬儒主義者是精明之人,只是不按自己的精明在社會上做好事。同樣。玩笑也是精明人的話語和明白人的娛樂,傻兮兮的人是不會拿世界上的乖訛之事來說笑的,他們只會被人拿來說笑話。」(xv)
「玩笑是是面對著『乖訛』(incongruity)事物,對之有所察覺、知曉和排斥後的反應。」(xv)
- 「是一種認知和評判方式」(xv);「同時是笑話(嘲笑)的基本原料和怨憤(批評)的根本原因」(4)
- 出自乖訛的幽默令人感到樂趣,亦需要保持安全距離 (311)
- 「普通人但凡還有點良心,對醜陋之事有所不滿,再加上一點機靈,都免不了會揶揄嘲笑幾句,諷刺挖苦一下、說笑應和一番。」(2)
- 「也是不信任和不相信(犬儒)的產生基礎」(4)
- 「乖訛的事情常常出乎人們的預料之外,讓他們的心理期待突然轉化為失望、虛無的感情,因此又稱『預期失望』。預期的失望、理想的失落和信仰的喪失同樣也是造成犬儒主義的主要原因。」(310)
- 「這是具有假面社會特色的犬儒式玩笑,假面社會是壓迫性制度的產物。[...]由於批評性的公共空間逼仄,人們不得不戴着假面生活。」(x)
- [後社會主義的]假面社會:「如果支配一個社會共同信念和未來想像的意識形態事實上已經失效,而政治壓力卻仍然需要並還在利用這個意識形態控制人們的日常生活,那麼,這種意識形態便只能靠強力才能維持。在這種情況下,人們迫於害怕為出於私利,在公開場合不得不假裝還在相信這個意識形態,並接受它的統治。」(2)
- 「他們生活在一個言論和行動都不允許他們有所公共參與或作為的制度中,他們所能訴諸的應對行動也就不過是挑遣無奈和紓解不滿的玩笑而已。」(xv)
- 「批評的聲音很難在公共討論的空間發出,民間流傳的笑話便成為一種人與人之間的意見表達和傳遞,引發的是具有社會意義的笑。[...]就是讓笑成為一種政治並參與其中。」(351)
- 「是聰明人和明白人經過自我審查的意見表達——旁敲側擊、婉轉迂迴、閃爍其詞、欲言又止、顧左右而言他。玩笑話是一種不自由的,被控制的表達,是戴着鐐銬起舞。」(xvi)
- 「玩笑的想法與言說未必一致」[cf. Hans Steinmüller on Irony]
- 「儘管他們對這樣的事情無可奈何,只能苦笑,但他們至少還在笑。這就說明,他們還沒有完全麻木。而且,在他們所生活的那個扭曲的世界裡,某種可以稱得上是『共同原則』的常情常理,那種個人在群體裡可以用來辨別是非、善惡的『自然正當』還沒有完全泯滅和消失。因此,這個社會向善的良性轉變仍有可能。這就是笑話帶給社會的希望,也是社會的一項重要社會功能。」(340)
「控制了人們的表達就是控制了他們的想法。表達的怯懦、曖昧和模棱兩可,久而久之習慣成自然,多半會蠶食人們思想的獨立和勇氣,使之變得油滑、投機和隨波逐流。」(xvi)
- 「以酒蓋臉式的撒歡、戲謔、調侃、狷狂、任誕不覊和玩世不恭。」(xvi)
「對玩笑的社會文化分析往往會試圖從說笑話者而非被笑話者(經常是權貴人物)的角度來解釋玩笑的社會作用問題。在這個問題上有兩種看法,一種是把玩笑視為弱者的秘密抵抗,另一種是把玩笑視為釋放怨氣和不滿的安全閥,是一種犬儒主義的自我適應,因此反倒是在起穩定現在秩序的作用。」(33)
→ 「這兩種解釋都有道理,合在一起揭示了玩笑的兩面性:抵抗和犬儒。這二者經常可能是互相滲透,難以絕然分割的。」(33)
- 「政治幽默是為他們提供片刻紓解和喘息機會的綠洲,讓他們不僅可以發洩不滿和憤怒,而且還可以用笑來超脫不滿和憤怒。」(306)
- 幽默的紓壓功能,帶有兩面性(349):
1. 「幽默感是對抗生活中壓迫力量和精神困境的緩衝器,雖然無法改變現實的環境,但卻可以自我調整對它的關係,減小它所造成的傷害。」(349)
- 「可以改變人們對壓力環境的認識,讓人從一種新的角度去應對壓力,避免因面臨的困境而徹底陷入沮喪、焦慮、恐懼和絕望。」(349)
2. 「這可能會成為一種犬儒主義的應對現實方式,在實際的妥協與接受過程中,幫助維持它所不喜歡的現實。」(349)
- 「容易為一個人在遭遇困境時採取躲閃問題和逃避現實方式製造藉口。」(349)
- 「幽默的機智和輕鬆為這種逃避營造了一種智慧、情致、藝術的假象,使得逃避者不僅不覺得無奈和遺憾,而且甚至還會洋洋得意,自以為得計。」(349)
⇓
- 「政治幽默有助於穩定而不是動搖現有秩序,順應而不是挑戰主流價值,這被稱作幽默維護現有秩序的安全閥作用,也是一種政治高壓下產生的犬儒主義。」(313)
- 「政治笑話嘲笑的是,你做的跟你說的不一致。政治笑話往往不管那一套堂而皇之的主義和原則本身是否謬誤或者根本就是一種欺騙說辭。因此,就在政治笑話拿原有的主義和原則來作為衡量『乖訛』的標準時,它起到的正是順應、維護和加強這些主義和原則的作用。」(317)
- 「實際情況比這複雜得多。第一,壓迫性制度對批評言論的管制程度並不是一樣的,而是有嚴有鬆。第二,官方意識形態的實際影響和有效控制也是在變化的,這些都會形成對政治笑話有不同影響的不同社會政治環境。[...]第三,不同專制國家的政治傳統、價值觀念、國民素質等因素也會反映到政治笑話的社會作用中來。」(320)
- 「對政治笑話的分析可以用『原型』(prototype)來代替『二元對立』(binary)。原型不是非此即彼的,而是可以借助兩個或更多的原型。」(320)
- 「每個具體的政治笑話都可能與不止一個原型有遠近不等的關係,呈現出多重的相似或不同。」(320)
- 「隱秘的『抵抗』和犬儒式的『順從』是兩個最常見的原型,即使如此,抵抗還可以有不同程度的『隱秘』,而順從也可以有不同形式的犬儒表現。」(320)
- 「這種幽默政治的作用是非常有限的,但不應該被低估。」→ 在專制社會中,笑話成為批評的代替品 (350),包含了一時一地的人們覺醒了的集體政治意識 (354)
政治幽默的「社會聯絡功能 (social function)」 (348):
- 「幽默的批評經常暗示某種沒能實現的理想觀念和原則,某種被虛偽和偽善所破壞的承諾或期許。這些觀念、原則、承諾、期許來自幽默批評的那個特定群體,因此,幽默有一種辨認『我們』和『他們』的作用。」(311)
- 「最能懂得幽默之妙的是這個群體內部的人們,幽默讓『自己人』能心領神會地會心一笑,而外人則未必能懂。」(311) →
- 集體的笑 → 社會性與政治性,揭示了社會和政治的狀況及大眾的心理 (351)
- 「嘲笑者所笑的是許多人已經有所感覺的東西——那些金玉其外、則絮其內的秩序看上去還原封不動,其實早已是千瘡百孔、搖搖欲墜,成了空虛脆弱、外強中乾的空架子了。」(352)
- 笑點受制於一時一地:「溫和政治的笑的最重要的特點就是它的時效性、當下性和群體性,這與一個國家裡的公共政治、政策以及人們普遍關心的社會和政治問題是聯繫在一起的。」(353)
- 「溫和政治的笑是在一種特定時間,特定地方,由特定人群在相互默契中分享的『詼諧』。」(353)
- 紀錄下來「成為一種集體性的共同記憶」,作為文化史的素材 (354)
「無論哪一種喜劇思路,都必須借助普通人能夠用以感覺和辨認『荒誕』的某種正常標準——常識、常情、常理、常規、常態。有了正常,才有『荒誕』的不正常。」(355)
「有生命力的笑話是能傳播的玩笑,有人說有人聽的笑話才是好的笑話。只是當玩笑的『問題』還存在的時候,玩笑才會傳播,一旦問題解決,不再存在,玩笑也就停止了」(365)
- 「玩笑特別有生命力的時候,必定是玩笑的問題看上去永遠難以解決的時候,除了拿它開玩笑,似乎完全沒有其他的應對方法。處於完全失望狀態中的人們,他們不僅拿問題開玩笑,而且還拿自己的玩笑開玩笑,這是一種對待玩笑的奇特的犬儒主義方式,甚至無法形成真正的玩笑,而只是一些散亂無序的,近似於無厘頭的『機智語』。」(365)
- 中國微博上起哄式的接力玩笑或機智語遊戲:「這些開玩笑的人看起來嘻嘻哈哈,其實心情並不輕鬆。[...]他們感覺和傳遞的不是幽默一般應該帶給人們的歡笑,而是酸澀、無奈的苦笑和沒有前景的茫然、無望和不知所措。」(366)
- 「人們在玩笑中逃避現實,那是因為他們還在努力保持一種清醒的狀態,還在對現實作出是非和善惡的判斷。」(366)
- 困境中笑的意義:「越是在茫然、無望和不知所措的渾沌情緒和不安心境裡,幽默越能幫助人們觀照自己的內心和評估自己的處境,雖然自嘲,但不自卑,更不自我糟踐,自甘墮落。」(367)
網絡惡搞的犬儒戲謔:
- 惡搞是戲仿的一種,解構而不否定,以反諷和機智語來搞笑 (400-1)
- 有社會功能的笑話可以有反抗性,也可有抒壓的安全閥作用。搞笑者有既定的立場和(嘲諷)的目標/對象,可以是弱勢社群,也可以是精英權貴。在今日中國,特別針對文化精英(如陳凱歌)及官方意識形態的精英(如雷鋒)。(402-3)
- 惡搞針對政治犬儒主義(虛偽加專制),以笑話間接回應 (405)
- 通俗易懂,為民間帶來新鮮感和思想衝擊,有使人清醒的啟蒙作用。提醒人官方意識形態論述之虛假,喚起集體記憶和民憤,引向獨立的社會意識 (410-1)
- 但是破而不立,簡化回應而不深入剖析,社會影響有限,不是真正的公共參與 (411)
- 機會主義的犬儒抵抗:懦弱兼狡黠、陽奉陰違,得寸進尺,碰釘縮腳,是專制社會的結果 (411)
→ 僅能消氣,是一種權宜的「逃避反抗的反抗」(412)
- 漸變為純粹娛樂的文化潮流,代替了真正的公民參與,不求改變 (412)
- 看穿了假象,也只是隨遇而安,難得糊塗,自得其樂 (452)
- 中國作家的「職業犬儒主義」:欠缺原則與氣節,為自保及自利迎合政權,甚麼都寫得出。如四川大地震後寫「縱做鬼,也幸福」的王兆山 → 成為惡搞對象。(408)
- 作家沒有濁世清流的清醒,反而隨波逐流:2012年一眾作家參與《毛澤東在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 手抄本,以「別的作家都這麼做」為由,抱著「人在江湖」的心態,是習慣性順從的犬儒。(408-9)
________________________________________
從中國古代的玩笑到今日的犬儒:
- 涉及精神價值、為人處世的方式及態度:「中國在歷史上其實早已形成的三種與犬儒相近或有關的文化元素:看穿(和識透)、逃避(和解脫)、順從(和接受),這三種元素都可以兼容玩笑的憤世嫉俗和遊戲人生,也可以方便地運用種種戲謔和搞笑的手段」(369)
- 「犬儒主義的一些歷史文化元素已經融入了我們的國民性和民族文化之中。」(383)
- 莊子和古希臘犬儒都提倡「自然」的處世態度,相對於虛偽造作的文化規範和社會制度 (372)
- 同樣誇張乖戾、嬉笑怒罵的措辭表現都是違反其他人的「常理」,驚世駭俗背後是憤世嫉俗。(373)
- 莊子「主張的實際是一種善惡不分的無所作為」(除非回歸「道」的最理想狀態),把聖人的「有為」/「偽」比惡人的「有為」給予更低評價,因為前者更有欺騙性——「這種『看穿』也是現代犬儒主義的一個重要特點。」(373)
- 隱逸文化傳統:尋求解脫,一則宗教追尋,二則犬儒主義 (374)
- ref. 冷成金 (1997) 《隱士與解脫》
- 中國隱士的犬儒,與世俗權力相關 (375)
- 「莊子精神只在他那個特定時代才具有某種積極的思想抵抗意義,後來就未必如此了。[...]後來出現的種種隱逸變得越來越屈從、猥瑣、口是心非,因此也越來越犬儒」(376)
- 「以逃避的方式,以局外人的身份,站在理想的平台上,向一切不順眼的東西——人性、倫理、規範束縛、社會責任——投石塊,這是犬儒主義批判的特徵。犬儒主義的批判是絕對的,不加必要的區分,因為不分青紅皂白,而極易變成無的放矢的批判。」(376-7)
- 「在犬儒主義者眼裡,世界上只有兩種人,真壞人和假好人,假好人比真壞人更壞,好人的良心都是假裝出來的,良心對人根本不可能有引導善行的作用。」(374)
- 「莊子的逃遁之道存在於他審美化的文學想像之中,這種逃逸之道即使在政治控制遠不如今天的古代也是不現實的。」(377)
- 知識份子的「朝隱」策略(如西漢東方朔):「朝隱經常是一種犬儒的處世方式,這種犬儒不是絕對的,而是有相當大的程度範圍。」(379)
- 模棱兩可的「諷諫」:「今天一些演小品的,自己說是批評『社會不良風氣』,其實同樣也是嚴格按照上面的意思行事,察言觀色,甚至拿弱勢群體開心,心甘情願的充當滑稽的『倡優』,比起古代的東方朔,他們是諧趣不足,犬儒有餘。」(379)
- 「這種生存策略和隱逸的目的和策略是完全一致的。犬儒主義是一種無奈的選擇。」(382)
- 「世道越是善惡顛倒、是非不分,人們對改變這樣的世道就越是心灰意冷、不抱希望,犬儒主義也就越是成為一種普遍的生存狀態和生活態度。」(382)
- 「白居易把隱士分為大、中、小,在其中選擇如何『隱』的標準是隱逸對於隱逸者的實用價值。這種純粹世俗功利的標準沒有道德和精神價值原則,是一種虛無主義的犬儒產物。」(385)
⇓
- 當代中國的應用就是當一個不大不小的公務員,其實是卑屈而不逍遙的 (385)
- 「以低眉俯首的姿態討生活,看人臉色,戰戰兢兢地過日子。這種犬儒生活要求他們比一般人更圓通,更世故,當然也就更加庸俗。」(386)
→ 「犬儒生活是一種無所選擇,不得不然的生活方式,自嘲是在這種生活狀態中保持某種清醒的應對和自我保護方式,幽默和玩笑成為一種化解壓抑和憋屈的手段,但這種化解是不可能帶來精神解脫的。」→ 「只是一些過小日子的小聰明」(386)
- 「失敗論者」的玩笑:「很少違背自己的國民性和民族氣質」,「會以玩笑來接受而不是對抗他們的失敗。」 → 弱者隨遇而安的無力感,不能改變現狀,遂傾向犬儒,容忍罪惡 (388)
- 「他們的玩笑經常是一種明白和接受的奇妙結合:雖然抑鬱焦慮、心有不平,雖然能看穿欺騙和宣傳的假象,但卻也能順其自然、坦然處之、苦中作樂。」(388)
- 「這樣的犬儒精神麻痹了他們感知痛苦和察覺危險的本能,也瓦解了他們思考和行動的能力。它雖然不乏狡黠俏皮和尖酸刻薄,但卻再難達到古代智慧型幽默的思想境界。」(388)
________________________________________
幽默「未必是政治意義上的抵抗,但卻可以有助於這種抵抗——幽默使人不致成為心智痲痺的殭屍,使人可以至少在某種程度上保持對真假分辨的知覺,不至於完全失去在善惡區分上的清醒。只要人還在人性和精神上拒絕絕望,拒絕麻木,拒絕屈服,他就還沒有完全被征服,也就還有重新爭取自由的希望。」(63)
史大林時期的恐怖統治時期:「笑話的作用是,人們即使知曉恐怖的暴力實質,也還是可以不予抵抗,而是用玩笑的方式來適應並被動地接受恐怖的暴力,適應那個令他們揣揣不安但又無可奈何的現實秩序。這樣的笑話是犬儒的,是對犬儒主義暴力環境的犬儒應對方式。」(102)
- 「在犬儒主義的暴力環境裡,暴力決定一切,暴力是統治者權力合理性和正當性的唯一依據,但他們卻偏偏要用最美好的理想和最崇高的目的來包裝這種暴力。」(103)
- 「被統治者因為這種暴力感到恐懼,但他們卻認同或接受這種對暴力的華麗包裝。這或是由於被洗腦,或者是假裝真誠,或者是被恐懼搞得身心俱疲,根本無暇思考。」(103)
- 「許多人也會帶着矛盾和曖昧的心情來說政治笑話。一方面,他們不是不意識到生活現實與官方烏托邦圖景之間的差別和矛盾,這是一種產生『笑料』的反諷。但是,另一方面,即使察覺反諷,他們也還是可以『正確理解』並接受任何可笑的事物。」(103)
- 「笑話能起到的一個作用就是,輕鬆的笑可以消減和淡化現實中令人苦澀、哭笑不得的種種荒唐和滑稽現象,不再介意其中的諷刺意味。」(103-4)
後社會主義俄羅斯的犬儒:
- 「俄羅斯人不是不曾有過希望,只是由於希望幻滅才轉向厭惡、憤怒和冷嘲熱諷。他們譏諷和嘲弄所有那些他們信任過並期待有改革作為的政治黨派和人士」(283)
- 「他們看穿並且不相信的既包括政治領導者和權威人士(看穿他們的偽善),也包括所有被權威利用過的美好價值觀念(道德價值虛無主義)。」(283)
- ref. Lev Gudkov, “Russian Cynicism: Symptom of a Stagnant Society.”
- 俄羅斯的「過度認同」(stiob)式惡搞:「惡搞是對權威話語的一種滑稽挪用,誇張地運用於那些被權威高高棒起的象徵符號和儀式,將之置於完全不同的語境中,是一種板着臉的搞怪。這使得它對權力壓迫或迫害有某種自我保護的能力和自我辯解的可能」(287)
- 「惡搞不是反主流,而是不入主流的入主流,是一種不恭順的順從,一種陰陽怪氣的附和,因此是一種典型的陽奉陰違式的犬儒。」(287)
【释题】
这些年来,每当我在中国境内境外遇到男女同胞微笑地
询问我“你定居在哪儿?”的时候,我都傻笑着答不上来。几
次“练”下来,终于找到一个颇为合适的应答,就是“我是
一个国际非盲流”。
“国际非盲流”实乃“国际明流”的避嫌变通说法,因为
后者容易被误听为“国际名流”。而我尚不具备几位中国演艺
界出国人士(多半为女士)们的长城砖面皮功,在西方当了
几回一流影片的配角演员或四流影片的主角演员,便坚持不
懈地在中国人圈子里自誉为“国际名流”。为避免误解,我只
好用拗口的 “国际非盲流”替代更为朗朗上口的“国际明
流”。
我和国内“盲流”人口的差别之处不难罗列。他(她)们
是在中国境内流来流去,我则是在不同国家或地区之间流来
流去。他(她)们的流动多半是盲目的,因为不知道哪儿有
工打。我在国际间的流动则是明确的,流动前早已从公开出
版物上得悉哪个国家的哪间大学或研究所招聘什么职位,研
究和教学的条件如何,待遇的菲或厚。要成功地流过去,你
得提供自己完备的学术资历和学术成就的证明,经过国际性
日我半明白半糊涂地赴美国求学以来,月
的公开竞争,中标受聘。否则,你想流也流不动。 我和国内“盲流”的共同点也不少,其中最主要的一点 是走出了出生于斯成长于斯的小村庄,见识了外面的大世界。 这个薄薄的小集子里的二十几篇随笔和短评,就是我作为一 个国际非盲流在地球上的不同地方,对与中国有关联的问题 的杂感、杂想和杂论(但愿不被归类于杂音)。 这些文字不是理论性的,虽然其中也有微量的理论的盐 分。它们也不是成体系的,虽然从头到尾一派关切的主线仍 隐约可辨(参见本集附录之一《中国心,全球观》)。它们不 是为专业研究人员而写的
只
我的这类专业文章和书籍曾经 写过不少,并且还在写,用英语和汉语慢慢地写。但这本小 集子里的文章却是有意识地为普通的中国公民而写的 要他(她)们具备大学专科或专科以上的正规或非正规的教 育水平,便可大致读懂。
【洋罪】
对于我以及很多像我这样的人来说,能用母语中文写作 乃是一种罕有的奢侈(这当然意味着是一种高级享受)。自从 年 里,能够用中文写文章的时间大概不会多于三十分之一。 就是说,一个月里,难得有一天是在用汉语舞文弄墨。
这不是精确的统计数据,而是大而化之的“匡算”,有如我国 报刊上常有的“国有企业三分之一明亏,三分之一暗亏,三分之一盈 利”;或“我国的国有资产流失平均每天一个亿”之类。
年 也
方才提及,
留洋】
大部分时间在干什么呢?大约三十分之二十九的时间里, 是在受洋罪,名副其实的洋罪 用英文著述和阅读专业文 献。有些读者大概也知道,西方学术界有一句俗谚:
还是得规规矩矩、
,可以译作“不出版就完蛋”。对于在西方学术界混 饭吃的衮衮诸公,你手里的饭碗是“豆腐渣工程”还是“固 若金汤”,主要取决于你发表出版的论文专著之多寡优劣。而 你用中文发表的东西,不论在汉语读者群里获得过怎样热烈 的赞美或猛烈的攻击,基本上不算“学术成果”。所以尽管我 有时骂骂咧咧,斥之为“英语霸权主义”, 埋头苦恼地用英文思考和撰文。你若不想承受英语写作的蹂 躏,那就得主动地或被动地下岗,在国外下海赚辛苦钱,或 卷起铺盖回国来潇洒地混饭吃。
年前我离国赴美留学是处于“半明白半糊 涂”的境界,这绝非虚妄之辞。想当年,本人自上海某某大 学某某系毕业后,历尽周折,全仰赖一位出身于满清贵族的 儒雅恩师之助,才分配来伟大首都做小小的脑力劳动者,在
年
我一直以为这个词是属于我的“智慧产权”旗下的产品,直到 月初在香港听了一场教育社会学方面的报告,才获悉早在若 干年前,已经有西方(而且是英语国家)的语言社会学家运用这个词进 行社会批判了!西方一些知识分子的“自我批判”精神有时真令人挺感 动的,可惜这样的人多半进不了政府做大官,否则这个世界上的不公正 就会少得多!
故并没有把心思朝“放洋”上作过多的痴想。
某某学院某某研究所任助理研究员。那个年头,该学院声誉 正隆,连开小车的司机、管收发邮件的青工、打字机房的文 员、往返机场接送外宾的秘书,都大半出身不凡。像我这样 一个三代讨饭的赤贫农民的后代,能够在这样的研究部门工 作,且颇受所里的器重,已经心存感激,真诚地觉着活得充 实和富有意义, 年初春,然 而人生中偶尔也有歪打正着儿的契机。 我获得中华人民共和国成立以后首次全国社会科学中青年优 秀学术论文一等奖(详见本集附录二)。为着把论文译成英文 向国外推介,我结识了外交系统的一位年轻的老资格翻译工 作者。他十几岁时便被政府送到伦敦学习语言,英语好到连 美国名牌大学的教授都惊叹不已。某日共进午餐,此兄在神 速地结果了我虔诚地奉献上的三份略有臭味的红烧腔骨(每 份价值二角五分人民币)之后,摸摸腮帮擦擦手,若无其事 地问我:“为什么不设法到美国去读书?”我说到国外留学于 我是近乎天方夜谭的事,自己英语不行,且又无特殊背景,很 难获取出国名额的。他说可以自己主动去申请,他过去几年 里,已经鼓动过好几个人这么干,多数都成功了,其中有黄 某某、纪某某等等(多半是老一辈无产阶级革命家的后代)。 就这样,他一手帮助我准备了(包括翻译)英文的申请 资料,逐一发出(共发出 份) 。 往往返返几个回合, 均遭美
①这不是戏言。直到今天为止,我仍然把那两年视作我生活中最 富有意义的时段。我真愿意舍弃我今天在物质生活方面获得的一切,以 换回那两年里的那种感觉。人不能纯粹生活在感觉之中,但没有感觉, 生活又是什么呢?
002 漫漫自由路:曼德拉自传
003 断臂上的花朵:人生与法律的奇幻炼金术
004 历史的终结与最后的人
005 政治秩序的起源:从前人类时代到法国大革命
006 事实即颠覆
007 苏联的最后一天:莫斯科,1991年12月25日
008 耳语者:斯大林时代苏联的私人生活
009 零年:1945:现代世界诞生的时刻
010 大断裂:人类本性与社会秩序的重建
011 政治秩序与政治衰败:从工业革命到民主全球化
012 罪孽的报应:德国和日本的战争记忆
013 档案:一部个人史
014 布达佩斯往事
015 古拉格之恋:一个爱情与求生的真实故事
016 信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣
017 奥斯维辛:一部历史
018 活着回来的男人:一个普通日本兵的二战及战后生命史
019 我们的后人类未来
020 奥斯曼帝国的衰亡:一战中东,1914—1920
021 国家构建:21世纪的国家治理与世界秩序
022 战争、枪炮与选票
023 金与铁:俾斯麦、布莱希罗德与德意志帝国的建立
024 创造日本:1853-1964
025 娜塔莎之舞:俄罗斯文化史
026 日本之镜:日本文化中的英雄与恶人
027 教宗与墨索里尼:庇护十一世与法西斯崛起秘史
028 明治天皇
029 八月炮火
030 资本之都:21世纪德里的美好与野蛮
031 回访历史:新东欧之旅
032 克里米亚战争:被遗忘的帝国博弈
033 拉丁美洲被切开的血管
034 不敢懈怠:曼德拉的总统岁月
035 圣经与利剑:英国和巴勒斯坦——从青铜时代到贝尔福宣言
Anyone Have any Chinese speaking Books I can Upload them for you just message me the title ! I Speak Over 17 languages and 9 Combined ! Any Language any Book!
創世記 1-
1:1 起初神創造諸天與地,
1:2 上 而地變為荒廢空虛,淵面黑暗。
1:2 下 神的靈覆罩在水面上。
1:3 神說,要有光,就有了光。
1:4 神看光是好的,就把光暗分開了。
1:5 神稱光為晝,稱暗為夜;有晚上,有早 晨,這是第一日。
1:6 神說,諸水之間要有廣闊的空間,將水 與水分開。
1:7 神就造出天空,將天空以下的水,與天 空以上的水分開;事就這樣成了。
1:8 神稱天空為天;有晚上,有早晨,是第 二日。 創世記
1:9 神說,天以下的水要聚在一處,使旱地 露出來;事就這樣成了。
1:10 神稱旱地為地,稱水的聚處為海;神看 是好的。
1:11 神說,地要長出青草,和結種子的菜蔬並結果子的樹木,各從其類,果子都包著 核;事就這樣成了。
1:12 於是地生出青草,和結種子的菜蔬,各 從其類,並結果子的樹木,各從其類,果 子都包著核;神看是好的。
1:13 有晚上,有早晨,是第三日。
1:14 神說,天上穹蒼之中要有光體,可以分 晝夜,作記號,定節令、日子、年歲;
1:15 並要發光在天上穹蒼之中,普照在地上事就這樣成了。
(CHINESE HOLY BIBLE IN THE CHINESE LANGUAGE ONLY )
GENESIS TO REVELATION ALL 66 BOOKS FOR OUR FRIENDS SUPPRESSED BY THE DEMONIC CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY
A more important difference, though, is that the present volume addresses many matters of lexical meaning that are peculiar to the LXX. Many senses given are followed by verse references. An exceptionally helpful feature, and one which I am sure took much time to develop, is the inclusion of hypotheses about how certain odd-looking translations in Greek may have been derived from the Hebrew text. This may be due to a different assumed voweling, a slightly different consonantal text or a simple misunderstanding by the Greek translators.
Words unique to the LXX and literature based on it are marked, as are words found in the NT. Corrections to Rahlf's Septuaginta , to which this is a companion volume, are also indicated.
While my overall impression of this volume is very good, there are a few desiderata I have for a subsequent edition:
1. Many of the translations are rather old-fashioned, and some are positively obsolete. I burst out laughing when I found "conjure" as the translation of *exorkizo*, which means 'to put under oath'. The fact that this gloss is found in Liddell & Scott suggests that the authors depended too much on its quaint 19th-century and earlier vocabulary, rather than giving modern English equivalents in all cases.
2. Occasionally an additional gloss is needed. For example, *elegcw* (elenkho) needs the gloss 'to prove to be' for Wisdom 2:11.
3. This lexicon has extremely few cross-references for unexpected or irregular forms. A few more would be highly desirable as an aid to students. Among them are *arnos* referring to *amnos* 'lamb, sheep' and *qhmwnia* (themonia) referring to *qimwnia* (thimonia) 'heap'.
The Septuagint--the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible--was an influential translation for Jews and Christians of the first century. When the New Testament writers quoted the Old Testament, they most often used the Septuagint (abbreviated LXX) translation. Thus the vocabulary and thought forms of the LXX had a significant impact on the development of New Testament theology. Although the LXX and the New Testament were both written in Koiné Greek, much of their vocabulary and word forms are different. Thus students and scholars who desire to read the LXX need a reliable reference guide that will help them decode the host of word forms and meanings that go beyond New Testament Greek.
The Analytical Lexicon to the Septuagint lists alphabetically every Greek word form found in the standard Rahlfs LXX text, along with a detailed parsing of each form. Besides correcting errors found in the previous (1994) edition, this expanded edition also includes basic glosses (definitions) for each Greek word from Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint, compiled by Johan Lust, Erik Eynikel, and Katrin Hauspie. These glosses are translation equivalents rather than technical definitions, and provide literal meanings as well as metaphorical ones. In many cases, the glosses are accompanied by grammatical and contextual information that sheds additional light on the word's meaning. The combination of the exhaustive grammatical analysis of the Analytical Lexicon and the helpful glosses of the Greek-English Lexicon make this expanded edition an indispensible tool for everyone engaged in the study of the Septuagint.
First, a word about the actual physical book: It is a sturdy volume of quality binding, and has a quality feel and look to the covers and spine. The pages are quality clean white opaque pages, as one would expect in a quality reference book, and not transparent onion-skin. Printing is sharp and clear, albeit quite small. The English is smaller than the Greek. The English I believe is 6 pt. type. Rather uncomfortable for lengthly reading- it appears to be included only as a help to those who would be reading the Greek. The Greek print is larger and easier to read.
The binding is sturdy. This book will last.
My biggest complaint about this volume is the lack of chapter demarcations. Verses are fairly well marked, but trying to figure out what chapter you are in is basically a crap-shoot, aided by page headings and memory. Personally, when making notes, I look it up in the King Jimmy to be sure.
This book seems to be intended for those who want to read the Greek, with Mr. Brenton's excellent translation into English being added for reference, presumably for those of us who are not expert in Greek.
I purchased this merely wanting an English translation (and Mr. Brenton's in particular) of the LXX. I do not read Greek. I do also have the Apostolic Polyglot, which, for a non Greek-reader such as myself, is actually a better study tool, as it places each Greek word directly above the English word which translates it, and also includes the Strong's number of each Greek word- neither of which this volume does- but, alas, the Apostolic Polyglot is not very practical for actual reading.
Ultimately, someone such as I needs both books- The Apostolic Polyglot for word studies (I love to see how New Testament words are used in the LXX! -it really gives insight!), and this version of the LXX for actual reading of the English translation of the LXX.
Just to be clear about this version of the LXX: It is formatted so that each page contains two columns of text: The outer, narrower column (and in smaller type) is the English; and the inner column, which is somewhat wider, and of somewhat larger type, is the corresponding Greek. That is it.
If you don't read Greek, this book is only helpful as an English translation- but in rather small print. No Strong's numbers; and you won't know which Greek word corresponds to which English word- as the English text is only there as a help to those who are at least fairly familiar with the Greek.
Personally, what I am really looking for, is JUST an English version of Mr. Brenton's translation of the LXX. As far as I know, that does not currently exist though, so if you're looking to read this widely accepted translation of the LXX, this is pretty much it. Suffer through the small print and narrow columns! If the preceding describes you, then get this!
If, on the other hand, you are looking to do Greek word studies from the LXX, and don't fluently read Greek, but need the corresponding English and the Strong's numbers...get the Apostolic Polyglot.(Be warned: The Apostolic Polyglot's binding is NOT of the same quality, and it falls apart quite easily!). Better yet, get both books, and you'll be fully armed!
A note about the LXX in general: I'm a big advocate of the KJV, and reject all of the modern Bible [per]versions- but there is just no denying that when it comes to the Old Testament, the LXX is just more accurate than the Masoretic Text (Which basically was put together in the 9th century AD. by the Jews, and edited or at least "tweaked" a little to hide many of the Messianic prophesies).
No matter how many times you've read the Bible, you will gain insight and knowledge the first time you read the LXX. You will see things which just don't appear in the standard English translations of the Masoretic text- bearing in mind that Greek is a much more precise language than Hebrew/Aramaic; the LXX has not been messed with as much as the Masoretic; and, as will be obvious to you when you read it, if you are familiar with the New Testament, this is the version which Jesus and the Apostles quoted. It also does not contain the contradictions and errors found in the Masoretic text/English translations/KJV.
This critical edition and translation of the Book of Jubilees has been in preparation for a number of years. My interest in Jubilees began during graduate student days and has continued throughout the intervening years. After writing a dissertation on Jubilees, I began to collect films of manuscripts with an eye toward producing a new but minor
AS500L
VI PREFACE
edition of tiie book and a contemporary English translation of it. There seemed to be no need to work on a full edition because W. Baars and R. Zuurmond had announced more than a decade before that they were preparing a major edition. In 1979, however, I met Zuurmond who indicated to me that he and Baars would not be pubhshing their proposed work at any dme in the near future. We corresponded about the project a number of times, and in 1981, in a meeting with Baars and Zuurmond in Leiden, these two scholars agreed to turn over their materials to me so that I could begin producing a full critical text of Jubilees. It is difficult to say enough about the generosity of these men who had devoted much time to the project and had identified and obtained copies of many new manuscripts of Ethiopic Jubilees. By making available to me both their copies and the results of their work with them to date, they saved me an incalculable amount of time. It is only right, though an inadequate way of thanking them, that this edition be dedicated to them. I should add that though I have discussed my work especially with Zuurmond, I alone remain responsible for the present edidon.
The purposes of the introduction to this volume of texts and apparatus are to list the extant witnesses to the text of the Book of Jubilees, to describe the procedures used, and to explain the abbreviations that are employed in the apparatus of variants to the critical text. The introduction to volume two contains more detailed information about the individual copies of the textual evidence and also about the interrelations between the manuscripts of the Ethiopic version.
I. THE TEXTUAL WITNESSES
The only language in which the Book of Jubilees has been preserved in full is Classical Ethiopic or Ge'ez. It is now generally accepted, however, that the book was written in Hebrew, translated from Hebrew into Greek, and from Greek into Latin and Ethiopic. There may also once have been a Syriac translation. Some evidence from each of these languages survives, but large percentages of the text are available only in the two granddaughter versions Latin and Ethiopic. Whereas the Ethiopic preserves the full text, the one extant Latin manuscript contains only about one-third of it. The evidence for the Ethiopic version is far and away the most plentiful and the manuscripts of it are necessarily the basis for a critical text, even though, from a chronological perspective, they are the latest. In the following section, the textual evidence will be presented in the chronological order of the versions, insofar as it can be determined.
A. The Hebrew Version
Prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, no copies of the original Hebrew version of Jubilees were known. The caves of Qumran have, however, yielded fragments of 13 manuscripts of Jubilees, though even after all these years only a fraction of the material has been pubhshed. The fragments which are available are the following:
X INTRODUCTION
E. The Ethiopic Version
Some Pseudepigrapha and other Ancient Works +
Other Syriac and English , Arabic , Greek works listed below I myself can obtain if you message me !
Table of Contents
1. The Life of Adam and Eve (Apocalypse of Moses) (Arabic)
2. The Testament of Adam (Syriac and Arabic)
3. The Cave of Treasures (Syriac and Arabic)
4. The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (Arabic)
5. The Book of Adam (Codex Nazaraeus; Mandean Fragment) (Syriac)
6. Life of Abel, by Symmachus (Syriac)
7. Syriac Book of Seth (Syriac)
8. 1 Enoch (Syriac)
9. Apocalypse of Enoch (Syriac)
10. Tractate of Shem (Syriac)
11. The Testament of Abraham (On the Death of Abraham) (Arabic)
12. History of Melchizedek (Syriac and Arabic)
13. Joseph and Asenath (Recension Two) (Syriac)
14. History of Joseph (Syriac)
15. History of Joseph, Son of Jacob [Version A] (Arabic)
16. History of Joseph, Son of Jacob [Version B] (Arabic)
17. History of Joseph (Arabic)
18. Dormition of Joseph, the Son of Jacob (Arabic)
19. Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs (Syriac)
20. The Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs (Syriac)
21. The Conversation of Moses with God (Syriac and Arabic)
22. The Book of Jubilees (Syriac)
23. The Life of Moses (Arabic)
24. Instruction of David to Solomon (Arabic)
25. The Palace of Solomon (Arabic)
26. Questions of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon (Syriac)
27. Testament of Solomon to Rehoboam his son (Arabic)
28. The Final Counsel of Solomon (Arabic)
29. The Death of Solomon (Arabic)
30. Aphikia (2 Recensions) (Arabic)
31. History of the Rechabites (Syriac and Arabic)
32. History of the Prophet Elijah (Arabic)
33. History of the Prophet Elijah and the son of the Widow (Arabic)
34. History of the Prophet Elijah and his Ascension (Arabic)
35. Sermon of Elisha the Prophet on Sinners (Arabic)
36. Sermon of the Prophet Elisha on the necessity of purification (Arabic)
37. Prayer of Manasseh (Syriac and Arabic)
38. Prayer of Manasseh (Cited from the Apostolic Constitutions) (Syriac and Arabic)
39. Prayer of Manasseh (from the Byzantine Horologion) (Christian Palestinian Aramaic and Syriac)
40. 4 Esdras (The Apocalypse of Ezra) (Syriac and Arabic)
41. The Apocalypse of Ezra on the reign of the Arabs (Syriac)
42. History and Wisdom of Ahiqar (Syriac and Arabic)
43. 5 Maccabees (Syriac)
44. History of St. Shamuni (Arabic)
45. Syriac Apocryphal Psalms (Syriac)
46. Odes of Solomon (Syriac)
47. History of Job (Arabic)
48. Psalms of Solomon (Syriac)
49. The Lives of the Prophets (Syriac and Arabic)
50. The History of Jonah (Syriac and Arabic)
51. Habakkuk Apocryphon (Arabic)
52. History of Isaiah the Prophet (Arabic)
53. Apocryphon of Jeremiah on the Captivity of Babylon (Arabic)
54. Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch) (Syriac and Arabic)
55. Epistle of Baruch (Syriac)
56. Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (Syriac and Arabic)
57. On our Lord and on the end written by the youth Daniel (Syriac)
58. Fourteenth Vision of Daniel (Arabic)
59. Apocalypse of Daniel (Arabic)
60. On Daniel and the boy Caleb (Arabic)
61. Conversation of Joseph and Nebuchadnezzar (Arabic)
62. The Tiburtine Sibyl (Syriac and Arabic)
Déluge, vol du feu, origine de la sexualité, femmesoiseaux, autant de mythes que l'on retrouve, sous une forme ou sous une autre, un peu partout. Autant de mythes recueillis, annotés, comparés, commentés par des savants qui, ce faisant, ont créé une discipline en développant des concepts spécifiques – comme agresseur, donateur, héros, initiation... – afin de répondre aux questions soulevées : quelle est l'origine de ces mythes ? comment sont-ils répartis ? comment peut-on les interpréter ?
C'est autour de trois piliers, mythes, mythologues et concepts, que ce dictionnaire est conçu. Avec près de 1 400 entrées concernant les récits mythiques de plus de 1 300 peuples, il présente un tableau d'ensemble de la science mythologique d'une ampleur et d'une ambition sans égales.
ENIAL ESSENTIEL
Enfin une somme qui aborde les mythes sérieusement ! , scientifiquement , qui déconstruit aussi l'accumulation d'à-priori , d'interprétations antérieures totalement oiseuses . Le livre de la maturité , de l'intelligence sur les mythes ! ( et j'ai pourtant déjà une flopée de bouquins sur le sujet , dont Le Rameau d'Or , Robert Graves , Hamilton , La mythologie pour les nuls ! , des "beaux livres" , etc ) . Entretien passionnant avec les auteurs dans Sciences Humaines de Février .
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Aurélien
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Avis posté le 08 janv. 2018
Ouvrage d'érudition, complétant utilement les autres dictionnaires de mythologie.
Le premier ouvrage en français, qui propose un panorama critique et analytique des notions propres à la mythologie et à la mythographie.
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pierre l.
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Avis posté le 08 mars 2018 suite à un achat le 24 févr. 2018 auprès de Fnac.com
lecture diagonale
vu l'importance du pavé et le coté dictionnaire, j'ai pour l'heure feuilleté et ça a l'air captivant
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marie-Helene d.
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Avis posté le 31 janv. 2019 suite à un achat le 05 janv. 2019 auprès d'un vendeur partenaire MarketPlace
Fabuleux non seulement sur la mythologie mais aussi sur son historiographie !
J'ai acheté cet ouvrage au début du mois de janvier et j'en suis très satisfaite. Il ne se limite pas à la mythologie gréco-romaine et l'espace qu'il couvre est très large. Il comporte à la fois des notices thématiques et des notices sur les grands auteurs qui ont publié dans ce domaine, y compris des mises en garde indispensables sur les dérives nazies et fascistes qui ont parfois sévi dans cette discipline.
Bis vor wenigen Jahren sah die Welt, zumindest die europäische, noch etwas anders aus. Es gab noch ein Ostdeutschland, ein Sowjetimperium, das, als Träger des internationalen Kommunismus, die Welt in Schach zu halten schien, ein friedliches Jugoslawien... Kaum einer hätte geglaubt, daß sich in den heutigen Tagen so schnell etwas verändern könnte. Und das gerade in einer Zeit, in der, glaubt man den Versprechen von angeblichen Sicherheitsorganisationen wie NATO und UNO, die Welt einem utopischen Frieden und einem Welteinheitsstaat entgegenwächst. Wie lahm und schwach diese Organisationen jedoch wirklich sind, beziehungsweise gezielt gehalten werden, konnten wir ja bisher im Ex-Jugoslawien mit an-sehen. Nichts desto trotz glauben weiterhin die meisten, daß nun, nachdem sich die Wiedervereinigung vollzogen hat und die mächtige Sowjetunion zerbrochen ist, endlich ganz Europa demokratisch werden, sich alle eu-ropäischen Länder nacheinander in die NATO eingefügen und wir demzufolge einem tausendjährigen "demokratischen" Reich entgegenstre-ben würden.
Die mediengläubige hirngewaschene Masse denkt, daß nun, aufge-bauscht durch Schlagwörter wie Abrüstung, Selbstbestimmung der Völker und friedliche Umgestaltung, weltweit das Gefühl globaler militärischer Bedrohung geschwunden sei. Wenn es in der Tagesschau gesendet wird, wird es schon seine Richtigkeit haben. Wenn es unser Kanzler sagt, dann muß es wohl stimmen. Schließlich haben wir ja seit fünfzig Jahren Frieden.
Die Sowjetunion ist hinüber und damit auch die Gefahr aus dem Osten für immer vorbei. Zu mächtig ist die Streitmacht des Westens.
Bouvier schreibt dazu: "Militärexperten, die die Arsenale und strategischen Möglichkeiten analysieren und werten, nicht befangen vom Zeitgeist, beurteilen die Lage skeptischer: Rußland produzierte bis vor kurzem monatlich etwa dreihundert modernste Kampfpanzer. Das ent-spricht in etwa der Ausrüstung einer ganzen Panzerdivision - pro Monat!
Und so ging das Jahr für Jahr. Die Bundeswehr hat etwa sechs Divisionen, Rußland schon im Frieden mehr als siebzig.
Und diese modernen Truppen sind gut ausgestattet. Besonders Rußland und die Ukraine verfügen weiterhin über ein riesiges Potential an Boden-Scanned by TC truppen und über strategische Waffen: Raketen, Fernbomber, chemische Waffen und Schlachtflotten auf den Weltmeeren, allen voran eine Unzahl von strategischen Unterseebooten.
Daß der friedliche und erfolgreiche Umbau eines bankrotten Imperiums ohne außenpolitische Turbulenzen möglich ist, das ist nur unbedarften Fernsehzuschauern mit Erfolg zu vermitteln.
Trotz der Flammenzeichen an der Wand werden wir tanzen und schmausen bis zum Schluß."
Scanned by TC INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I. Die Basis:
Vorwort Einleitung Grundlagen zum besseren Verständnis Was ist Prophetie?
Das dunkle Zeitalter - Kali Yuga Verschiedene Voraussagen zur Jahrtausendwende II. Das Geschehen:
Die wirtschaftliche Krise Mehr zum Dritten Weltkrieg Europäische Seherstimmen Der Dritte Weltkrieg:
• Allgemeine Vorzeichen • Besondere Ereignisse • Der Papst flieht aus Rom • Der Krieg im Nahen Osten • Funkenregen • Der Ausbruch in Deutschland - Einmarsch des Angreifers aus dem Osten in drei Heersäulen • B. Bouvier's Vergleich mit den heutigen NATO-Strategien • Chemische Kriegsführung • Das menschliche Verhalten während des Krieges • Die ersten Niederlagen der Angreifer • Der gelbe Strich • Der Krieg in Skandinavien • Angriff auf Amerika • Einsatz von Atomwaffen • Atombombenabwurf in die Nordsee • Die östlichen Angreifer werden geschlagen Scanned by TC Die Schlacht am Birkenbaum Der Planetoid Das Kippen der Erdachse (Polsprung) Drei Tage Finsternis Die Entrückung?
III. Die Chance:
Die Nachkriegszeit und das Goldene Zeitalter Zur Datierung Gibt es eine Gnadenfrist?
Die Über-Sicht Was lernen wir daraus?
Also Anhang:
Chronologie des Dritten Weltkrieges von Bernhard Bouvier Astrologische Betrachtungsweise von Elisabeth Schlittmeier Verzeichnis der hier aufgeführten Seher Literaturverzeichnis
मृसालिखितं प्रथमपुस्तक ।
९ प्रथमोऽध्यायः ।
१ ष्रथिव्या अआकाश्स्यचषर्षटिः र दीप्तः खष्टिः € प्टन्यतायाः खष्टिः « शएष्कभमेः ष्टि
१९ त्तादोनां खष्टिः १४५ चन्द्रसय्थोदौनां खष्टिः २० मोनपक्िणां ष्टिः २४ ग्राम्यवन्य्-
पशादीनां खष्टिः इ इ खरस्य सादश्यन मनुष्यस्य ष्टिः २९ मानुषादौनां भच्ञ्च
९ आदित ंश्धूर आकाशं एयिवीच्च ससजं। एथिवी निजना मून्या
२ चासीत्, अन्धकार खख गम्भीरजलस्योपरि तस्या, तदानीम् रईखरस्यात्मा
तोयानि व्याप्यासीत् |
२ अनन्तरं, दीति भवतु, इतीचखरेणाज्ञापिते दकि ग्भूव। तदानीम्
४ खरा दी प्िम॒त्तमां विलेाक्य तमिश्रात् तां एधक् छत्वा दीप्ते नाम
५ दिवसङति, तमिखस्य नाम राचिरिति क्तवान् | ततः सन््यायां प्रातः-
काले च जाते प्रथमा दिवसा बभव,
€ ततःपरं तोयानां मध्ये श्न्यत्वमद्धय तायानिभागदयेन एथक् करोातु।
इशछर इत्यादिश्य -गून्यत्व ससजं गून्याद्धस्िततायभ्यः ग्रून्याघःखितता-
र यानि एथक् चकार च, ततस्ताटृश बभूव | तद् खरस्तस्य शून्यस्य नाम
गगणं चकार । सन्यायां प्रातःकाले च जाते दितीयोा दिवसो बभूव।
€ यपञ्ात् रंखर इत्याज्ञापयामास, गगणाधःख्ितानि सन्वीम्भांसि णक
१० स्मिन् भिलन्तु स्थलञ्च प्रकाश्रतां; ततस्तथेव बभूव । तदूर: स्थलनाम
एय्वोति तोयराश्ेनाम समुद्रदृति छतवान् , तचोत्तमं ददश ।
१९ अपसम् ईश्वर खदिरेश, मेदिन्यां टणानि सवीजोवधयो नानाजा.
तीयाः सवीजफलदायिनोा महीरुदाश्च समत्पद्येयून्; ततस्तथेवाभवत् ;
१९ अयात् एथिव्यां टणानि सवीजनानाजातीभ्रीषधयः सवोजफलदायिनो
अदि पुस्तक । ९ अध्यायः |
नानाव्रिधा च्ता्च जातानि तद्ानीमौशरस्तानि सव्वारुत्तमानि टद्ट-
वान् । तथा सब्यायां प्रातःकाले च जातेटतीयो दिवसा बभूव। ९३
अपरम् इंखर आज्ञापयत्, निष्ाता दिवसं एयक् कत्त दिवस. ९४
वत्सर त्तं चङ्निमित्तं नभोामण्डले ज्योतिगेण उत्पद्यतां, तथा वसुन्ध- १५
रायामालाकं कर्तं दीपडव गगण्मग्डले तितु; ततस्ताटगभवत्। इव्यम् ९६
सखस दिवसं शासितुम् मद्राज्येतिरेक, च्णदाच्च शासितुं ततः च्तुद-
ज्योतिरेकं, डमे ददती ज्यातिषी उडुनिवडहच्च ससजं। तता धरि चीं \७
दीपयितुं, दिवाराची सितु. तमिद् विद्युति एथक् कतर स्तानि
ज्यातींषि गगणमण्डले स्थापयामास; तानि सव्वाणि चेर उत्तमानि ९८
वीत्ताद्धक । तथा सब्याप्रातःकालयोाः जातयोः सताञखतुर्यौा दिवसा ९९
नभव।
ततः परः सलिलानां मध्ये विद्धाराथं नानाविधा जलचराः प्राणिना, २०
मेदिन्या ऊद नभामण्डले उडयितुं शक्ता विहगा बाल्यम् उत्पद्य.
न्ताम्, इतीश्वरः दिश्य टहन्मीनादौोन् नानाप्रकार\न् कौलालचरान् २९
प्राणिन नानाविधखगांखच रृद्टवान् | अनन्तरम् खर, णतान् सव्वान् ९२
उत्तमान् वीच्य खतामाश्िषं जगाद, यूयं पजावन्तेा ब्वंशख भूत्वा
सरित्पतीनां सलिलानि परिपूरयत, वसुघावा उपरि विदङ्गमाञख बङ्-
लीभवन्तु। तथा सयाया प्रभाते च जाते पञ्चमा दिवसाऽभवत्। ९
ततः परम् खर आदिद, धरायां ाभ्या बन्याख्च पशव उरागा- २४
मिनो जन्तुप्रभ्टतये नानाविधा जन्तवो जायन्ताम्; ततस्तयेव बभूव ।
इत्यम् रनच्खरा ननाविधान् ग्राम्यवन्यपम्परून् भूमे नानाजातीयान् उर्ङ्म- २५
जन्तंख ष सव्वानवेात्तमान् वाललके|
अनन्तरम् इरा व्याचचत्ते, वयं खपतिमत्या सादंश्येन च अादमं २९
(अथात् मनुष्याः) ख्जामः, ते जलचरमीनान् खेचर्विदङ्गान् ग्राग्यवन्य-
गन् सन्बथिवीं भूमिख्िलारङमान प्राणिनश्च सतु । रंशरेण २७
ख प्रतिमूत्या मनुष्यः सखटजं; इशखरस्य प्रतिमच्यव स तेन ख्द्छः; परुष-
त्वस्त्ीत्वाभ्यां तादा, तदनन्तरम् इश्वर स्ताभ्याम् इव्याश्िषं दद्ा,युवां रट
प्रजावन्ता ब्रङ्लवंष्रा च भवतं, एथिवीं परिपूय्य वशौभृतां कुरुत,
किञ्च सलिलचरमीनान् खेचरखगान् भमिस्यारङ्गमजन्तंख शिं ।
संखरापरमपि कथयामास, पश्यतं, निखिलएयि वी्थाः सव्वेस वीजो- ९९
वधीः सव्वान् सवीजफलदरलििनोा मद्धीरुदांख युवाभ्यां भोक्तुम् अद
The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit. The earliest attested Sanskrit text is the Rigveda, a Hindu scripture from the mid- to late-second millennium BCE. No written records from such an early period survive, if any ever existed, but scholars are generally confident that the oral transmission of the texts is reliable: they are ceremonial literature, where the exact phonetic expression and its preservation were a part of the historic tradition.[66][67][68]
However some scholars have suggested that the original Ṛg-veda differed in some fundamental ways in phonology compared to the sole surviving version available to us. In particular that retroflex consonants did not exist as a natural part of the earliest Vedic language,[69] and that these developed in the centuries after the composition had been completed, and as a gradual unconscious process during the oral transmission by generations of reciters.
The primary source for this argument is internal evidence of the text which betrays an instability of the phenomenon of retroflexion, with the same phrases having sandhi-induced retroflexion in some parts but not other.[70] This is taken along with evidence of controversy, for example, in passages of the Aitareya-Āraṇyaka (700 BCE), which features a discussion on whether retroflexion is valid in particular cases.[71]
The Ṛg-veda is a collection of books, created by multiple authors from distant parts[citation needed] of ancient India[citation needed]. These authors represented different generations, and the mandalas 2 to 7 are the oldest while the mandalas 1 and 10 are relatively the youngest.[72][73] Yet, the Vedic Sanskrit in these books of the Ṛg-veda "hardly presents any dialectical diversity", states Louis Renou – an Indologist known for his scholarship of the Sanskrit literature and the Ṛg-veda in particular. According to Renou, this implies that the Vedic Sanskrit language had a "set linguistic pattern" by the second half of the 2nd millennium BCE.[74] Beyond the Ṛg-veda, the ancient literature in Vedic Sanskrit that has survived into the modern age include the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, along with the embedded and layered Vedic texts such as the Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and the early Upanishads.[66] These Vedic documents reflect the dialects of Sanskrit found in the various parts of the northwestern, northern, and eastern Indian subcontinent.[75][76]: 9
Vedic Sanskrit was both a spoken and literary language of ancient India[citation needed]. According to Michael Witzel, Vedic Sanskrit was a spoken language of the semi-nomadic Aryans who temporarily settled in one place, maintained cattle herds, practiced limited agriculture, and after some time moved by wagon trains they called grama.[76]: 16–17 [77] The Vedic Sanskrit language or a closely related Indo-European variant was recognized beyond ancient India as evidenced by the "Mitanni Treaty" between the ancient Hittite and Mitanni people, carved into a rock, in a region that now includes parts of Syria and Turkey.[78][i] Parts of this treaty, such as the names of the Mitanni princes and technical terms related to horse training, for reasons not understood, are in early forms of Vedic Sanskrit. The treaty also invokes the gods Varuna, Mitra, Indra, and Nasatya found in the earliest layers of the Vedic literature.
The early Vedic form of the Sanskrit language was far less homogenous compared to the Classical Sanskrit as defined by grammarians by about the mid-1st millennium BCE. According to Richard Gombrich—an Indologist and a scholar of Sanskrit, Pāli and Buddhist Studies—the archaic Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rigveda had already evolved in the Vedic period, as evidenced in the later Vedic literature. Gombrich posits that the language in the early Upanishads of Hinduism and the late Vedic literature approaches Classical Sanskrit, while the archaic Vedic Sanskrit had by the Buddha's time become unintelligible to all except ancient Indian sages.[86]
The formalization of the Sanskrit language is credited to Pāṇini, along with Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya and Katyayana's commentary that preceded Patañjali's work.[87] Panini composed Aṣṭādhyāyī ('Eight-Chapter Grammar'). The century in which he lived is unclear and debated, but his work is generally accepted to be from sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[88][89][90]
The Aṣṭādhyāyī was not the first description of Sanskrit grammar, but it is the earliest that has survived in full, and the culmination of a long grammatical tradition that Fortson says, is "one of the intellectual wonders of the ancient world."[91] Pāṇini cites ten scholars on the phonological and grammatical aspects of the Sanskrit language before him, as well as the variants in the usage of Sanskrit in different regions of India.[92] The ten Vedic scholars he quotes are Āpiśali, Kaśyapa, Gārgya, Gālava, Cakravarmaṇa, Bhāradvāja, Śākaṭāyana, Śākalya, Senaka and Sphoṭāyana.[93][94] The Aṣṭādhyāyī of Panini became the foundation of Vyākaraṇa, a Vedānga.
Though the Gospel of Christ had found shores on Indian coast in the very first century itself, it was only around the late 1700’s that Sanskrit and Bible met. Thanks to the cobbler turned missionary turned academician William Carey, who took an interest towards this venture. By 1808, we had our first Sanskrit Bible published.
After many vetting and revisions, by 1851 the Calcutta Baptist Missionaries could publish an academically and theologically acclaimed version of the Sanskrit Bible. It is this version that we are using here in SanskitBible.in
Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; attributively संस्कृत-, saṃskṛta-;[15][16] nominally संस्कृतम्, saṃskṛtam, IPA: [ˈsɐ̃skr̩tɐm][17][d]) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.[19][20][21] It arose in ancient India after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies.[
Sanskrit belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. It is one of the three earliest ancient documented languages that arose from a common root language now referred to as Proto-Indo-European language:[19][20][21]
Vedic Sanskrit (c. 1500–500 BCE).
Mycenaean Greek (c. 1450 BCE)[54] and Ancient Greek (c. 750–400 BCE).
Hittite (c. 1750–1200 BCE).
Other Indo-European languages distantly related to Sanskrit include archaic and Classical Latin (c. 600 BCE–100 CE, Italic languages), Gothic (archaic Germanic language, c. 350 CE), Old Norse (c. 200 CE and after), Old Avestan (c. late 2nd millennium BCE[55]) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 BCE).[20][21] The closest ancient relatives of Vedic Sanskrit in the Indo-European languages are the Nuristani languages found in the remote Hindu Kush region of northeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Himalayas,[21][56][57] as well as the extinct Avestan and Old Persian – both are Iranian languages.[58][59][60] Sanskrit belongs to the satem group of the Indo-European languages.
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Lady Anne Conway (née Finch) (1631–1679) was the posthumous daughter of Sir Heneage Finch and his second wife Elizabeth Cradock, widow of Sir John Bennet. She was born in London in 1631, and raised in the house now known as Kensington Palace, which then belonged to the Finch family. The youngest child in a large family, she was especially close to her half-brother, John Finch. Nothing is known of her education, though she was clearly well-read by the time she made the acquaintance of one of the Cambridge Platonists (see entry), Henry More (1614–1687). Of Anne Conway’s remarkable philosophical education, much more is known. Thanks to her brother, who was his pupil at Christ’s College, University of Cambridge, More agreed to give her instruction in philosophy. Since, as a woman, she was debarred from attending the university, he instructed her by letter. The few letters that survive from this early correspondence indicate that Cartesianism formed the basis of the course of instruction she followed. Thereafter, Anne Conway and More remained friends for the rest of her life. By this means she had a permanent link to intellectual life beyond the confines of her domestic situation.
In 1651 Anne Conway married Edward, third Viscount Conway, who was heir to estates in Warwickshire and County Antrim in Ireland. Their one child, Heneage, died in infancy. The Conway family possessed one of the finest private libraries of the period, and her husband appears to have encouraged his wife’s intellectual interests. However, from her teens she suffered from periodic bouts of illness, which became more acute and more frequent as she got older. It was as a result of a search for relief from this that she came into contact with the Flemish physician and philosopher, Francis Mercury van Helmont, son of the iatrochemist, Jan Baptiste van Helmont. During the last decade of her life, the younger Van Helmont lived in her household. It was through Van Helmont that Anne Conway was introduced to kabbalistic thought and to Quakerism. These encounters resulted in radical new departures for her: on the one hand, her study of the Jewish kabbalah contributed to her decisive break with the Cartesianism of her philosophical upbringing; on the other hand, her encounter with Van Helmont’s Quaker friends led to her conversion to Quakerism, shortly before she died in 1679.
Link below for full biographical on Lady Anne Conway-
Hutton, Sarah, "Lady Anne Conway", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/conway/>.
The citation above refers to the version in the
Contents
Chapter 1: God and his divine attributes 1
Chapter 2: Creatures and time 3
Chapter 3: Freedom, infinity, space 5
Chapter 4: Christ and creatures 10
Chapter 5: God, Christ, and time 11
Chapter 6: Change 15Chapter 7: Body and spirit: arguments 1–3 26
Chapter 8: Body and spirit: arguments 4–6 38
Chapter 9: Other philosophers. Light. Life 43
I am only sharing not selling this work just as a disclaimer on the Digital Alexandria Library of Texas of Academia.edu we only do this to share , inform, present rare finds in literature and Un sung Heroes are always welcome and trailblazers that were Woman authors that are so difficult to find the rabbit holes one has to go through the 1000s of hours of research (whos counting im not for ex.) To come by little hidden Gems of what Experiencers of a fascinating time writing about another even 1000s of years old religious system! Lady Anne Conway ( in their own rite especially)
Thank you and all credit to: Johnathan Bennet for finding Lady Anne Connway,- and to Johnathan Bennets.( whoever u may be) blessings my kind sir!
-Johnathan Bennets translation and file under copyright ©️
Small •dots• enclose material that has been added, but can be read as though it were part of the original text. Occasional •bullets, and also indenting of passages that are not quotations, are meant as aids to grasping the structure of a sentence or a thought. Every four-point ellipsis. .. . indicates the omission of a brief passage that seems to present more difficulty than it is worth. Longer omissions are reported within [brackets] in normal-sized type.-This work was posthumously published in a Latin translation, and the original (English) manuscript was lost; so the Latin is all we have to work with.-The division into chapters and sections is presumably Lady Conway's; the titles of chapters 2-9 are not.
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Table of Contents
Online Works……………………………………………………………………………………………...02
General Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...…03
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………....03
Translations of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Collections…………………………………….…03
Guide Series…………………………………………………………………………………………….....04
On the Literature of the 2nd Temple Period…………………………………………………………..........04
Literary Approaches and Ancient Exegesis…………………………………………………………..…...05
On Greek Translations of Semitic Originals……………………………………………………………....05
On Judaism and Hellenism in the Second Temple Period…………………………………………..…….06
The Book of 1 Enoch and Related Material…………………………………………………………….....07
The Book of Giants…………………………………………………………………………………..……09
The Book of the Watchers…………………………………………………………………………......….11
The Animal Apocalypse…………………………………………………………………………...………13
The Epistle of Enoch (Including the Apocalypse of Weeks)………………………………………..…….14
2 Enoch…………………………………………………………………………………………..………..15
5-6 Ezra (= 2 Esdras 1-2, 15-16, respectively)……………………………………………………..……..17
The Treatise of Shem………………………………………………………………………………..…….18
The Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37-71)…………………………………………………………..…...18
The Apocalypse of Abraham…………………………………………………………………………..….20
The Coptic Apocalypse of Elijah…………………………………………………………………….....…23
The Ladder of Jacob…………………………………………………………………………………….....24
The Assumption / Testament of Moses…………………………………………………………...…….…25
The Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah……………………………………………………………….....26
The Psalms of Solomon………………………………………………………………………………..….28
4 Ezra (2 Esdras 3-14)………………………………………………………………………………..……30
2 Baruch………………………………………………………………………………………………..….33
The Story of Zosimus / History of the Rechabites………………………………………………………...35
The Life of Adam and Eve / Apocalypse of Moses…………………………………………………….....36
The Apocryphon of Ezekiel…………………………………………………………………………….....37
4QPseudo-Ezekiel……………………………………………………………………………………....…38
Aristeas to Philocrates………………………………………………………………………………..……39
(Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch (3 Baruch)………………………………………………………..………41
Sibylline Oracles…………………………………………………………………………………..………42
Joseph and Aseneth…………………………………………………………………………………..……43
The Testament of Abraham………………………………………………………………………………..44
4 Maccabees…………………………………………………………………………………………….....46
Pseudo-Hecataeus……………………………………………………………………………………....…47
Eupolemus………………………………………………………………………………………………....48
Pseudo-Eupolemus……………………………………………………………………………………..….49
Aristobulus……………………………………………………………………………………………..….49
Cleodemus Malchus…………………………………………………………………………….................50
The Book of Jubilees………………………………………………………………………………...…….50
The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
The Testament of Job………………………………………………………………………………..…….52
The Rewritten Bible……………………………………………………………………………………….53
Pseudo-Philo (Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum)…………………………………………………………...53
Hymnic and Liturgical Texts (in general)………………………………………………………………....54
More Psalms of David……………………………………………………………………………………..54
Odes of Solomon………………………………………………………………………………………..…54
Sapiential Literature…………………………………………………………………………………….....55
Maccabees……………………………………………………………………………………………..…..55
Ahiqar………………………………………………………………………………………………...……56
Ancient Magic…………………………………………………………………………………………..…56
Prayer of Jacob (PGM XXIIb. 1-26)……………………………………………………………………....57
Testament of Solomon……………………………………………………………………….....................58
Apocalyptic Literature………………………………………………………………………………….....58
Apocalpyse of Sedrach………………………………………………………………………………….…58
Apocalpyse of Adam……………………………………………………………………………………....59
Apocalypse of Zephaniah………………………………………………………………………………….60
Eldad and Modad (Fragment)………………………………………………………………………..……61
Jannes and Jambres (Fragment)…………………………………………………………………………...61
Survivals……………………………………………………………………………………………...……61
3 Enoch…………………………………………………………………………………………………....62
Divine Mediators:
Divine Mediators and Mediation……………………………………………………………………….....63
Enoch (Metatron)………………………………………………………………………………………….64
Melchizedek (Michael)……………………………………………………………………………………65
Moses……………………………………………………………………………………………………...67
Solomon…………………………………………………………………………………………………...69
The Prophet Elijah………………………………………………………………………………………...71
The Teacher of Righteousness…………………………………………………………………………….72
Apollonius of Tyana……………………………………………………………………………………….73
The Future Davidic Ruler…………………………………………………………………………………74
Philo of Alexandria’s LOGOS…………………………………………………………………………….75
The Quest for the Historical Jesus and the Origins of Christology……………………………………….77
Dead Sea Scrolls:
Dead Sea Scrolls General Bibliography………………………………………………………………...…79
Translations of the Dead Sea Scrolls……………………………………………………………………...79
Introductory and Encyclopedic Works on the Dead Sea Scrolls………………………………………….80
Recent Collections of Essays on the Dead Sea Scrolls……………………………………………………81
The Damascus Document…………………………………………………………………………………84
The Community Rule (Manual of Discipline)…………………………………………………………….86
The War Rule……………………………………………………………………………………………...88
The Pesharim (Biblical Commentaries)…………………………………………………………………...89
The Hymns Scroll (Hodayot, Thanksgiving Psalms)……………………………………………………...91
The Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice……………………………………………………………………….92
The Temple Scroll…………………………………………………………………………………………94
The Copper Scroll…………………………………………………………………………………………95
The Archaeology of Qumran……………………………………………………………………………...97
Texts from the period of the Bar Kokhba Revolt………………………………………………………….98
Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls…………………………………………………………………………..100
The Apostle Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls…...........................................................................................101
The Essense and the Dead Sea Scrolls…………………………………………………………………...101
The Sadducees and the Dead Sea Scrolls………………………………………………………………...102
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Archives of Jerusalem……………………………………………………104
ONLINE WORKS
Complete works of Josephus.
http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/JOSEPHUS.HTM
Online works of Philo (with Philo bibliography).
http://www.torreys.org/bible/philopag.html
Many works of Patristic Fathers online (many in downloadable PDF format).
http://www.ccel.org/
Orion Dead Sea Scrolls Bibliography
http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/resources/bib/bibliosearch.shtml
Tags -
Here are some known Pseudepigrapha below with Keywords at the end that aren't in perfect order and are all jumbled Up!
Apocalyptic and related works:
1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch (Jewish, c. 200 BCE–50 BCE)
2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch (Jewish, c. 30 BCE–70 CE)
3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch (Jewish, in present form from c. 108 CE-135 CE)
Sibylline Oracles (both Jewish and Christian, c. 2nd cent. BCE–7th cent. CE)
Treatise of Shem (c. near end of first cent. BCE)[3]
Apocryphon of Ezekiel (mostly lost, original form c. late 1st cent. BCE)
Apocalypse of Zephaniah (mostly lost, original form c. late 1st cent. BCE)
4 Ezra (original Jewish form after 70 CE, final Christian additions later)
Greek Apocalypse of Ezra (present form is Christian c. 9th cent. CE with both Jewish and Christian sources)
Vision of Ezra (a Christian document dating from 4th to 7th cent. CE)
Questions of Ezra (Christian, but date is imprecise)
Revelation of Ezra (Christian and sometime before 9th cent. CE)
Apocalypse of Sedrach (present form is Christian from c. 5th cent. with earlier sources)
2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch (Jewish, from c. 100 CE)
3 (Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch (Christian utilizing Jewish sources, c. 1st–2nd cent. CE)
Apocalypse of Abraham (Jewish primarily, c. 70–150 CE)
Apocalypse of Adam (Gnostic derived from Jewish sources from c. the 1st cent. CE)
Apocalypse of Elijah (both Jewish and Christian, c. 150–275 CE)
Apocalypse of Daniel (present form c. 9th cent. CE, but contains Jewish sources from c. 4th cent. CE
Testaments:
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (current form is Christian, c. 150–200 CE, but Levi, Judah, and Naphtali are Jewish and date before 70 CE and probably 2nd–1st cent. BCE)
Testament of Job (Jewish, c. late 1st cent. BCE)
Testaments of the Three Patriarchs (Jewish
Testaments of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob from c. 100 CE which are linked with the Christian Testament of Isaac and Jacob)
Testament of Moses (Jewish, from c. early 1st cent. CE)
Testament of Solomon (Jewish, current form c. 3rd cent. CE, but earliest form c. 100 CE)
Testament of Adam (Christian in current form c. late 3rd cent. CE, but used Jewish sources from c. 150–200 CE).
KEYWORDS
1 Esdras Wisdom of Solomon Susanna
2 Esdras Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach Bel and the Dragon
Tobit Baruch Prayer of Manasseh
Judith Letter of Jeremiah 1 Maccabees
Additions to Esther Prayer of Azariah 2 Maccabees
Pseudepigrapha (some not Jewish)
Apocalypse of Abraham Eupolemus 3 Maccabees
Testament of Abraham Pseudo-Eupolemus 4 Maccabees
Apocalypse of Adam Apocryphon of Ezekiel 5 Maccabees
Testament of Adam Ezekiel the Tragedian Syriac Menander
Life of Adam and Eve Greek Apocalypse of Ezra Testament of Moses
Ahiqar Questions of Ezra Book of Noah
Letter of Aristeas Revelation of Ezra Orphica
Aristeas the Exegete Vision of Ezra Philo the Epic Poet
Aristobulus Fragments of Pseudo-Greek Poets Pseudo-Philo
Artapanus Pseudo-Hecataeus Pseudo-Phocylides
2 Baruch Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers The Lives of the Prophets
3 Baruch Testament of Isaac History of the Rechabites
4 Baruch Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah Apocalypse of Sedrach
Cleodemus Malchus Ladder of Jacob Treatise of Shem
Apocalypse of Daniel Prayer of Jacob Sibylline Oracles
More Psalms of David Testament of Jacob Odes of Solomon
Demetrius the Chronographer Jannes and Jambres Psalms of Solomon
Eldad and Modad Testament of Job Testament of Solomon
Apocalypse of Elijah Joseph and Aseneth Thallus
1 Enoch History of Joseph Theodotus
2 Enoch Prayer of Joseph Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
3 Enoch Jubilees Apocalypse of Zephaniah
Alchemists drew on the Bible, taking the history and process of their art from biblical narrative and the structure of their world from biblical imagery. In using the Bible as a handbook, alchemists made two assumptions:
their art concerned all sorts of transmutation, not just that of lead into gold, and it provided a key to any system aimed at change. These assumptions lie behind the two symbolic chains in alchemy, both likened to the golden chain of Homer and many more writings on Alchemy.
All credit and all writing from the Title to the very last word is Authored by the Great Dr.. Michael Heiser! Im uploading to share the content that's it! Go check out his books Unsean Realm , Demons and Supernatural to get a 100% fuller context of a ton of topics in this paper he wrote!! Dr. Michael Heisers i owe all the credit to that has lead me to this Deuteronomy 32 , Genesis 6. Tower of Babel and Ugaritic text and Ancient near eastern Occult gods and worship which are to learn from to have a better 2nd temple period worldview not a 2021st one like most!! Thanks Michael you are anointed By God !!
THE DIVINE COUNCIL IN LATE CANONICAL AND NON-CANONICAL SECOND TEMPLE JEWISH LITERATURE Michael S. Heiser Under the supervision of Professor Michael V. Fox At the University of Wisconsin-Madison Biblical scholarship has reached a consensus with respect to the presence of a divine assembly of gods in Israel’s faith. Prior to the sixth century B.C.E., Israelite religion underwent an evolution from an initial polytheism to a firm monolatry, where the other gods of the divine council were tolerated but not worshipped. The religious crisis of Israel’s early sixth century B.C.E. exile prompted the scribes to obscure the council in the canonical texts and compose new material declaring that Yahweh had punished Israel for her sins, brought her out of bondage, and put the other gods to death. This historical turnabout and its literary response marked the birth of true monotheism in Israel, where no other gods existed except Yahweh.
This reconstruction is plagued by numerous difficulties. There are hundreds of references to other gods in a divine council in exilic and post-exilic canonical texts and the non-canonical writings of Judaism’s Second Temple period. The context for these references disallows the conclusion that the writers are speaking of idols or of the beliefs of pagans. Rather, they reflect the worldview of late Israelite religion and Second Temple Judaism. This worldview included the belief in a deified vice-regent who ruled the gods at the behest of the high God. So transparent was this divine vice regency that Second Temple Jewish authors wrote of a deified second power in heaven. The rhetoric of Deuteronomy and Deutero-Isaiah that there are no other gods besides Yahweh fails as proof of the consensus view, since the same language is used in monolatrous pre-exilic texts and fails to account for the plethora of references to other gods in late Jewish writings. This dissertation calls the consensus view of the development of monotheism in Israel into question by demonstrating that belief in a divine council survived the exile. As a result, this dissertation posits that the survival of Israel’s pre-exilic divine council has greater explanatory
Chapter one Introduction to Study -
The discovery of the tablets of ancient Ugarit in 1929 and their subsequent translation marked a watershed in the study of the religious worldview of the Hebrew Bible. One of the most significant revelations produced by the comparative investigation of the religion of ancient Israel and Ugarit was that the Hebrew Bible contained tantalizing hints of a pantheon. The "divine assembly" or "divine council" soon became a focus of biblical scholars, beginning in 1939 with J. Morgenstern’s lengthy article on Psalm 82, likely the clearest biblical attestation to an Israelite divine assembly.1 During the 1940s and 1950s, prominent studies emerged examining the striking and unmistakable correspondences between the god of Israel and two of Ugarit's most important deities, El and Baal.2 The seminal work on the divine council as a motif throughout the Hebrew Bible, however, was a 1944 article by H. Wheeler Robinson.3 Robinson's early study was followed in the next two decades by detailed analyses of the council and its members by a number of scholars.4 The first book-length study of the divine council was published in 1980,5 and was followed by significant works detailing various XX aspects of the divine council throughout the extant literature of Canaan.6 Most recently, an important book by Mark S. Smith has brought scholarship on the divine council up to date.7 All the scholarship to date on the divine council has focused on Israel’s religion prior to the sixth century B.C.E., since it is commonly believed that after Israel emerged from exile, the idea of a pantheon of gods headed by Yahweh had been abandoned in favor of an intolerant monotheism. This dissertation challenges this consensus view of the development of monotheism in Israelite religion and Judaism by examining late canonical texts of the Hebrew Bible and non-canonical Second Temple period literature to discern whether or not the belief in a divine council that included other gods continued after the exile.8 This task also necessarily involves interaction with several broad issues addressed in the scholarly study of Israelite religion and Second Temple period Judaism and the related academic literature. The result encompasses a new orientation with respect to the texts and the issue of monotheism in Israel and the creation of new conceptual bridges connecting the religions of pre-exilic Canaan, Israel and Second Temple Judaism. Hence, this study suggests new perspectives on certain issues involving these areas and proposes an alternative paradigm for understanding their connections. Due to the sweeping religious questions and voluminous scholarly literature dealing with ancient religions of Canaan, Israel, and first century Judaism, boundaries must be placed on such a study. Since the religions of Canaan and pre-exilic Israel are foundational to what follows, the Second Temple period more conveniently lends itself to limitations for the sake of this study. For this reason the terminus ad quem of this study is Jewish literature prior to 70 C.E. This effectively excludes the New Testament, but the study lays the foundation for future inquiry into the presence and religious role of the divine council in the New Testament. The number of areas of New Testament study related to the divine council is extensive. An examination of the New Testament in light of the divine council paradigm proposed by this study would necessitate consideration
The books of the Apocrypha are (1) Esdras (alias Greek Book of *Ezra); (2) *Tobit; (3) *Judith; (4) additions to *Esther; (5) Wisdom of *Solomon; (6) Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Ben *Sira); (7) *Baruch, with the Epistle of Jeremiah; (8) The *Song of the Three Holy Children; (9) *Susanna; (10) *Bel and the Dragon; (11) The Prayer of *Manasseh; (12) i*Maccabees; (13) ii*Maccabees. Esdras is a compilation from ii Chronicles 35, 37, Book of Ezra, and Nehemiah 8–9, in an order differing from that of the traditional Bible text and with the addition of a popular story of a competition between youths, the most prominent of whom was Zerubbabel who waited upon Darius i. Tobit tells of a member of one of the ten tribes who was exiled to Assyria, where, because of his merit in burying Sennacherib's victims, he was cured of the blindness which had afflicted him for many years, and saw his son married to one of his kin. Judith tells of a woman of Samaria who ventured into the camp of the soldiers besieging her city, and decapitated their commander, Holofernes, after making him drunk. The Wisdom of Solomon discusses the fate of the righteous and the wicked, with examples from the early history of Israel. Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremiah – additions to the Book of Jeremiah – attack idol worship and are in the form of letters addressed by the putative authors to the exiles in Babylonia. Susanna and the Elders, an addition to the Book of Daniel, is the popular story of a righteous woman who successfully resists the enticements of the city elders and is saved by the youthful Daniel from the death which, on the strength of their slander, had been decreed against her. Bel and the Dragon, which in the Septuagint is another addition to Daniel, is an account of Daniel's ministrations to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and Darius the Mede, and of his success in demonstrating to them by various devices the futility of idol worship. The Prayer of Manasseh, an addition to ii Chronicles 34:18, is a prayer supposedly recited by King Manasseh while in exile. From the historical point of view, the most important book of the Apocrypha is i Maccabees, the historical account of the *Hasmoneans from the uprising of Mattathias to the death of *Simeon, the first of the Hasmoneans to establish the independence of Judea. ii Maccabees confines itself to the wars of *Judah the Maccabees
The Divine Council is the view that Yahweh; The God of Israel is the Master of a pantheon
When we speak of contacts between Egypt and Greece before the time of Alexander, we should divide these contacts into twohistorical phases: the first comprises the contactsbetween Egypt and the Minoans (c. 3000 – 1400BCE) and Mycenaeans (c. 1600 – 1100 BCE) andthe second, the contacts between Egypt and theGreeks/Hellenes (c. 800 – 332 BCE) from the timethe Greeks entered the scene of history in the eighthcentury until the conquest of Egypt by Alexander. The two phases are separated by the so-called Dark Ages between the fall of the Mycenaean civilizationand the formation of the Greek polis culture. Tospeak of “Egypto-Hellenic culture” poses questionsof both definition and chronology. Does “Hellenicculture” define only the culture of Archaic andClassical Greece, or can the first phase of Minoanand Mycenaean Greece also be included? Since the -Mycenaeans were clearly Greeks as we know fromtheir Linear B script, they are subsumed under theEgyptian-Greek contacts. It is improbable, however,that the Minoans were Greeks as their Linear Ascript is not a Greek dialect and has not beendeciphered. A discussion of their relations withEgypt is nevertheless important to ourunderstanding of the Mycenaean contacts.
Phase I
Minoan-Egyptian relations
Occupying the island of Crete, the Minoans wereskilled sailors who had established hegemony in the Aegean; it was therefore natural that they madecontact with neighboring civilizations. With Egyptthey established mainly economic relations as far ascan be judged by archaeological evidence. Firstcontacts between Crete and Egypt are attested by afragment of a 1st or 2nd Dynasty Egyptian obsidian vase found in Crete in an EM-II-A stratum (Warrenand Hankey 1989: 125, fig. 1, tab. 1a), testifying to(indirect?) trading contacts since earliest historicaltimes. There were three possible routes by which theMinoans (or their trade goods) could have traveledto Egypt. First, there was the direct passage over350 miles of open sea, which does not seem verylikely. The second option was to sail within sight ofthe shore along the Levantine coast (and probablytrade with the settlements there) to (later) Pelusium. The third, and most likely, passage was to cross theMediterranean to (later) Cyrene and then sail alongthe coast to Egypt (cf. Kemp and Merrillees 1980; Wachsmann 1998). The Minoans valued gold,alabaster, ivory, semiprecious stones, and ostricheggs, but Egyptian stone vessels and scarabs werealso found in Crete (Philips 2008). Some scholarsmaintain that Egyptian craftsmen were present onthe island, based upon a statuette (14 cm high) of anEgyptian goldsmith called User that was found atKnossos (cf. Edel 1990); this single example,however, should not be considered as evidence forthe migration of Egyptian craftsmen. In addition tothese items of Egyptian origin, a certain adaptationof Egyptian styles in Minoan art is apparent(Panagiotopoulos 2004). The Minoan artisans usedsome Egyptian elements eclectically, adjusting oradapting their meaning to new contexts.Conversely, Egypt imported Minoan pottery,metal vessels, and jewelry, and probably also wine,olive oil, cosmetics, and timber, as the archaeologicalrecord proves. We know that the first Minoanartifacts found in Egypt do not date prior to thetime of Amenemhat II (1928 – 1893 BCE), becausefrom his times Middle-Minoan pottery (so-calledKamares ware) is attested. All in all, Minoan culturehad at least some influence in Egypt, as can bejudged from Egyptian copies of Kamares ware(Kemp and Merrillees 1980: 39, 67ff.; cf. theMinoanizing small can from Qubbet el-Hawa near Aswan: Edel 1980: 200 - 201, 204; for Tell el-Dabaa:Höflmayer 2012). Even Minoan textiles seem tohave been appreciated by the Egyptian elite, as Aegean textile patterns were copied on the walls oftombs from the reigns of Hatshepsut and ThutmoseIII (Kantor 1947; Shaw 1970). The pinnacle of Minoan-Egyptian relations canbe dated to the beginning of Egypt’s 18th Dynasty.Having already established good relations with theHyksos, the Minoans stayed in close contact with anumber of Egyptian pharaohs as well, as is provenby Minoan frescoes found in two palaces at Tell el-Dabaa/Avaris in the Nile delta (fig. 1). It was at firstassumed that these royal houses were decoratedduring the rule of the Hyksos kings (cf. Bietak 1996;Bietak et al. 2007), but this view has been revised. Itis now clear from the stratigraphical evidence thatthe palaces date to the Thutmosid era (Bietak 2005,but cf. the results of 14C dating by Kutschera et al.2012). Contemporary with this evidence from LowerEgypt are scenes in seven Theban tombs of 18th-Dynasty high court officials that show Minoanlegates from
Keftiu (as Crete is called in Egyptiantexts) bearing tribute ( jnw ) (Wachsmann 1987). According to some scholars, these scenes bear witness to reciprocity of political contacts ratherthan formal tribute to a dominant partner (cf.Zaccagnini 1987; Bleiberg 1996; Hallmann 2007). Thus the Minoan frescoes in the Lower Egypt andthe pictorial evidence in tombs of almost the sameperiod in Upper Egypt underscore rich cultural,economic, and eventually even political, contactsbetween Egypt and the Minoan civilization duringthe 18th Dynasty, just before the time of Akhenaten. This is corroborated by the fact that some Egyptianscribes seem to have known the Minoan language.
New Testament narrative criticism also places Revelation in its first century historical context but approaches the book from a literary perspective.For example, narrative critics examine characters and characterization, literary devices, settings, plot, themes, point of view, implied reader, implied author, and other constitutive features of narratives in their analysis of the book.
There are approximately 300 Greek manuscripts of Revelation. While it is not extant in the Codex Vaticanus (4th century), it is extant in the other great uncial codices: the Codex Sinaiticus (4th century), the Codex Alexandrinus (5th century), and the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (5th century). In addition, there are numerous papyri, especially 𝔓47 and 𝔓115 (both 3rd century); minuscules (8th to 10th century); and fragmentary quotations in the Church fathers of the 2nd to 5th centuries and the 6th-century Greek commentary on Revelation by Andreas.
And
The religion of the Papyri Graecae Magicae is an elaborate syncretism of Greek, Egyptian, Christian, Jewish (see Jewish magical papyri), and even Babylonian religious influences engendered by the unique milieu of Greco-Roman Egypt. This syncretism is evident in the Papyri in a variety of ways. Often the Olympians are given attributes of their Egyptian counterparts; alternatively this could be seen as Egyptian deities being referred to by Greek names.[citation needed] For example, Aphrodite (who was associated with the Egyptian Hathor) is given the epithet Neferihri, from Egyptian Nfr-iry.t 'nice eyes' (PGM IV. 1266).
Within this profusion of cultural influences can still be seen classical Greek material, and perhaps even aspects of a more accessible "folk-religion" than those preserved in the mainstream literary texts.[dubious – discuss] Sometimes the Greek gods depart from their traditional Olympian natures familiar to classicists, and seem far more chthonic, demonic and bestial. This is partly the influence of Egyptian religion, in which beast cult and the terror of the divine were familiar elements; equally the context of magical texts makes such sinister deities appropriate.
KEYWORDS:
The author (see John the Apostle or John of Patmos)
The angel who gives the revelation
Antipas, the faithful martyr
Nicolaitans
Son of Man (Jesus)
The One who sits on the throne (God)
The four living creatures
The twenty four elders
The Lamb, with seven horns and seven eyes (Lion of Judah)
Saints under the altar
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
The souls of them that were slain for the word of God
Four angels holding the four winds of the Earth
The seal-bearer angel (144,000 of Israel sealed)
A great multitude from every nation
Seven angelic trumpeters
The star called Wormwood
Angel of Woe
Scorpion-tailed Locusts
The angel of the bottomless pit (Hebrew: Abaddon, Greek: Apollyon)
Four angels bound to the great river Euphrates
Two hundred million man cavalry
The mighty angel with little book open and when he cried of seven thunders uttered their voices
The Two Witnesses
The Woman and her child
The Dragon, fiery red with seven heads and ten horns (Satan)
Saint Michael the Archangel
The Beast, with seven heads and ten horns (Antichrist/Beast of the Sea)
The False Prophet (Beast of the Earth)
The three angels
The angelic reapers and the grapes of wrath
Voice from heaven
Seven plague angels (Seven bowls of wrath)
Angel of the waters
The Whore of Babylon (Mother of harlots)
Word of God/Rider on a white horse
Angel binding Satan for one thousand years
Those of the first resurrection
Gog and Magog (after the one thousand years)
Those of the second resurrection
David E. Aune (1987). The Apocalypse of John and Graeco-Roman Revelatory Magic.
New Testament Studies, 33, pp 481-501 doi:10.1017/S0028688500020968
Beast from the Earth
The second beast is primarily described in Revelation chapter thirteen. This second beast comes out of the earth whose overall appearance is not described, other than having "two horns like a lamb", and speaking "like a dragon".[3] His purpose is to promote the authority of the first beast with the ability to perform great signs, even making fire come down out of Heaven. This second beast is also called the false prophet.[4] He speaks like a dragon commanding the people of the Earth to make an image "to" the beast that was wounded by a sword. It is declared that anyone who does not worship the beast or its image would be killed.[5] The lamb-horned beast from the earth also causes all people to receive the mark of the beast "in their right hand or in their forehead."[6]
A Third Beast
Revelation 17 mentions a third beast described as "a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns." (Revelation 17:3) and some of the symbols are explained. The scarlet beast is another, distinct, visualisation of the same subject as the beast of the sea.[citation needed] The scarlet beast is shown being ridden by a harlot who "reigns over the kings of the earth", (Revelation 17:18) whereas the beast of the sea is not described as being ridden, and is given "power and great authority." The seven heads represent both seven mountains and seven kings, and the ten horns are ten kings who have not yet received kingdoms. Of the seven kings, five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come. The beast itself is an eighth king who is of the seven and "was and is not and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition."[7]
Image of the Beast
Those who dwell on the earth are deceived into making an image [interpreted as a statue] of the beast as a means to worship its authority. The false prophet breathes life into the "image of the beast", so that the image becomes alive and is able to speak. It also declares to anyone who does not worship the authority of the beast.[8] Those who are killed for not conforming to the authority of the beast are blessed through the "first resurrection" that allows them to rule in Christ's presence as priests during the one thousand-year reign. The second death has no power over these individuals who were victorious over the beast[9] by not being deceived, even though they lost their lives on Earth by his authority.[10]
Mark of the Beast
See also: Number of the beast
The number of the beast (Koinē Greek: Ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, Arithmós toû thēríou) is associated with the Beast in chapter 13, verse 18 of the Book of Revelation. In most manuscripts of the New Testament and in English translations of the Bible, the number of the beast is "six hundred sixty-six" or χξϛ (in Greek numerals, χ represents 600, ξ represents 60 and ϛ represents 6).[11] Papyrus 115 (which is the oldest preserved manuscript of the Revelation as of 2017), as well as other ancient sources like Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, give the number of the beast as χιϛ or χιϲ (transliterable in Arabic numerals as "616") (χιϛ), not 666;[12][13] critical editions of the Greek text, such as the Novum Testamentum Graece, note χιϛ as a variant.[14]
In Roman Numerals, in use when the Book of Revelation was written, the mark of the beast in Revelation 17:9 is rendered DCLXVI 'The Roman numeral for 666, DCLXVI, has exactly one occurrence of all symbols whose value is less than 1000 in decreasing order (D = 500, C = 100, L = 50, X = 10, V = 5, I = 1).'
The seven heads of the beast are described in Revelation as representing seven hills.
Rome was built on seven hills.
The mark of the beast is interpreted differently in the four main views of Christian eschatology
Revelation - Appendix 7: Glossary of Prophetical Terms
Advent
This term comes from a Latin word adventus and means “arrival, presence.” It corresponds to the Greek parousia (coming or presence), or epiphaneia (manifestation, appearance), or apokalupsis (revelation, unveiling). Advent has become a theological term used of Christ’s appearances on earth–His first and second coming. So we speak of Christ’s first and second advents. The first advent includes our Lord’s birth, life, death, resurrection and was culminated by His ascension. The second advent refers to Christ’s second coming which will begin silently when He comes for His saints in the air (1 Thess. 4:13-18), and then openly to the world at the end of the Tribulation when He comes to earth (Matt. 24:27-30; 1 Thess. 3:13).
Amillennialism
A system of eschatology which, among other things, interprets the millennium as symbolical of present life in heaven.25
Analogy of Faith
The principle that any interpretation of the Scripture must conform and harmonize with the whole teaching of Scripture on that given subject.26
Apocalyptics
Prophecies that deal with the disclosure or revelation of the end time events. The word is derived from the Greek word, apokalupsis (sometimes written apokalypsis) “an unveiling, revelation.”
Apocalypse
A term sometimes used for the Book of Revelation since the word revelation comes from the Greek apokalupsis, “an unveiling, revelation.”
Antichrist
Anti means “against” or “in place of.” Antichrist, therefore, may refer generally to any apostate teacher who is against Christ or who claims to be Christ (Matt. 24:23-24; 1 John 2:18; 4:3). The Antichrist refers to the final and horrible world ruler of the Tribulation. He is one who stands both against Christ and who seeks to usurp Christ’s place as the false Messiah of the Jews (1 John 4:3b; Rev. 13:1-10).
1. **Hosea**: Addresses the unfaithfulness of Israel using his marriage to Gomer as an analogy.
2. **Joel**: Focuses on the Day of the Lord, a day of judgment and restoration for Israel.
3. **Amos**: Criticizes social injustice and religious corruption within Israel, emphasizing the importance of righteousness.
4. **Obadiah**: Pronounces judgment against the nation of Edom for its pride and violence against Israel.
5. **Jonah**: Relates the story of Jonah's reluctant mission to Nineveh, highlighting God's mercy and the universality of His message.
6. **Micah**: Highlights social injustice and oppression, while also prophesying the birth of the Messiah in Bethlehem.
7. **Nahum**: Foretells the downfall of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, as a consequence of its cruelty and wickedness.
8. **Habakkuk**: Raises questions about God's justice in the face of evil and violence, ultimately expressing trust in God's sovereignty.
9. **Zephaniah**: Warns of the impending judgment upon Judah and other nations, yet offers hope for restoration and salvation.
10. **Haggai**: Encourages the people of Judah to prioritize the rebuilding of the temple after their return from exile.
11. **Zechariah**: Combines visions of future glory and exhortations for repentance, emphasizing the coming Messiah and his reign.
12. **Malachi**: Addresses issues of spiritual apathy and corruption among the priesthood, while also promising the coming of Elijah before the Day of the Lord.
Collectively, the Twelve Minor Prophets provide insights into the historical, social, and religious contexts of ancient Israel and Judah, while also delivering messages of warning, encouragement, and hope for their contemporary audiences and future generations. They offer valuable lessons on faithfulness, justice, repentance, and the enduring faithfulness of God towards His people.
The Apocalyptic verses and prophecies found within the Twelve Minor Prophets contribute significantly to the eschatological understanding of the Hebrew Bible, offering glimpses into the end times and the ultimate fulfillment of God's purposes. While not all of the minor prophets explicitly delve into apocalyptic themes, several passages contain vivid imagery and prophetic visions of future events. Here's an expansion on some of the key apocalyptic elements within the books:
1. **Joel 2:28-32**: Joel's prophecy of the outpouring of the Spirit and the cosmic signs leading up to the Day of the Lord is often cited as an apocalyptic passage. The imagery of blood, fire, and columns of smoke suggests a time of great upheaval and divine intervention.
2. **Micah 4:1-5**: Micah envisions a future age of peace and righteousness when nations will beat their swords into plowshares and learn war no more. This utopian vision is often interpreted as part of the eschatological hope for the Messianic era.
3. **Nahum 1:2-8**: While primarily a pronouncement of judgment against Nineveh, Nahum's description of God's power over nature and His wrath against the wicked carries apocalyptic undertones, emphasizing the inevitability of divine judgment.
4. **Habakkuk 2:14**: The prophecy that "the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea" is often seen as an eschatological hope for the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom.
5. **Zephaniah 3:8-20**: Zephaniah's prophecy of the Day of the Lord includes descriptions of worldwide judgment and restoration, culminating in God's presence dwelling among His people in Zion.
6. **Zechariah 14:1-9**: Zechariah's vision of the Day of the Lord includes cataclysmic events such as the splitting of the Mount of Olives and the establishment of the Lord's kingdom over all the earth.
7. **Malachi 3:1-5**: Malachi's prophecy of the coming of the messenger of the covenant and the refining fire of judgment sets the stage for the arrival of the Messiah and the purification of His people.
These apocalyptic passages and prophecies within the Twelve Minor Prophets contribute to the broader biblical narrative of God's sovereignty over history, His judgment upon the nations, and His ultimate establishment of His kingdom on earth. They offer hope for the faithful remnant amidst times of trial and turmoil, pointing towards the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive purposes in the eschatological future.
Anthropomorphic descriptions of God, where human characteristics or emotions are attributed to the divine, can be found throughout the Twelve Minor Prophets. While the concept of God transcending human understanding is emphasized in many biblical texts, these anthropomorphic descriptions serve to convey aspects of God's character, His relationship with humanity, and His involvement in the affairs of the world. Here are some examples from the Minor Prophets:
1. **Hosea 11:1-4**: In this passage, God speaks of His love for Israel in tender, parental terms, likening Himself to a father who taught Ephraim to walk and lifted them up to His cheeks. This imagery portrays God's compassion and care for His people.
2. **Joel 2:13**: Joel implores the people to return to the Lord with fasting, weeping, and mourning, emphasizing God's capacity for mercy and forgiveness in response to genuine repentance.
3. **Amos 3:8**: Amos describes God as roaring like a lion from Zion, symbolizing His power and authority in judgment against the nations for their sins.
4. **Micah 6:3**: Micah portrays God as engaging in a legal dispute with His people, calling upon the mountains and hills to serve as witnesses to His faithfulness and righteousness.
5. **Habakkuk 1:13**: Habakkuk questions God's perceived indifference to the wickedness and injustice in the world, anthropomorphizing God's eyes as too pure to look upon evil.
6. **Zephaniah 3:17**: Zephaniah depicts God as rejoicing over His people with singing and quieting them with His love, illustrating His delight in relationship with His faithful remnant.
7. **Haggai 1:14**: Haggai describes God as stirring up the spirit of Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, and Joshua, the high priest, to undertake the rebuilding of the temple, highlighting God's sovereignty in inspiring and guiding human actions.
8. **Zechariah 8:2**: Zechariah speaks of God's jealousy for Zion and His burning zeal for His people, portraying God's protective and passionate love for His chosen city and community.
9. **Malachi 3:6**: Malachi declares that God does not change, emphasizing His faithfulness and constancy amidst the shifting circumstances of human existence.
These anthropomorphic descriptions of God within the Twelve Minor Prophets serve to deepen our understanding of His character, His relationship with humanity, and His involvement in the world. While recognizing the limitations of human language and comprehension in describing the divine, these images and metaphors convey profound truths about God's nature and His dealings with His people throughout history.
And finally on the Author of this Gem of a writing-
Christopher Wordsworth (1807-1885) was an English bishop, theologian, and biblical scholar known for his extensive work on the Bible, including commentaries and annotations. One of his notable contributions is his commentary on the Minor Prophets titled "The Minor Prophets: In the Authorized Version, With Notes and Introductions."
This work by Wordsworth provides readers with a detailed examination of each of the Twelve Minor Prophets within the context of the Authorized Version, commonly known as the King James Version of the Bible. It includes thorough introductions to each prophetic book, offering insights into historical background, literary style, theological themes, and interpretative considerations.
Wordsworth's commentary also features extensive notes that expound upon specific verses, providing linguistic, historical, and theological analysis to aid readers in understanding the text more deeply. His commentary reflects a conservative theological perspective and a commitment to the authority and inspiration of scripture.
Overall, Wordsworth's commentary on the Minor Prophets represents a significant scholarly contribution to biblical exegesis and interpretation, offering readers a comprehensive resource for studying these foundational texts of the Hebrew Bible and Christian scriptures.
The Emerald Tablet is said to be a concise summary of Hermetic principles, encapsulated in cryptic and symbolic language. It emphasizes the unity of the material and spiritual worlds, the transformative power of the alchemical process, and the pursuit of enlightenment or spiritual ascension.
One of the most famous phrases from the Emerald Tablet is "As above, so below; as below, so above," which suggests a correspondence between different levels of existence and implies that the microcosm reflects the macrocosm, and vice versa.
The text has been highly influential throughout history, inspiring countless alchemists, philosophers, and mystics in their quest for knowledge and enlightenment. It continues to be studied and interpreted by spiritual seekers and scholars alike, its wisdom resonating across cultures and generations.
1. **Hermetis Trismegisti**: This refers to Hermes Trismegistus, a legendary figure in Western esotericism who is believed to be the author of various ancient texts attributed to Hermes. The name "Trismegistus" means "thrice-great" and reflects Hermes' perceived mastery of the three parts of wisdom: alchemy, astrology, and theurgy.
2. **Phoenicum Aegyptiorum sed et aliarum Gentium Monarchae Conditoris**: This segment appears to suggest Hermes Trismegistus as the founder or architect of monarchies among the Phoenicians, Egyptians, and other peoples. While Hermes is not historically recognized as a literal founder of these civilizations, he is often associated with the transmission of esoteric knowledge and wisdom that influenced various cultures throughout antiquity.
3. **sive Tabula Smaragdina**: "Sive" means "or," and "Tabula Smaragdina" translates to "Emerald Tablet." This indicates that the phrase is equating Hermes Trismegistus with the authorship or essence of the Emerald Tablet.
The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus is a short, cryptic text that is believed to contain the secrets of alchemy and spiritual wisdom. It emphasizes principles such as the unity of the material and spiritual worlds, the transformative power of the alchemical process, and the pursuit of enlightenment. While the historical origins and authorship of the Emerald Tablet are uncertain, it has had a profound influence on Western esotericism and continues to be studied and interpreted by scholars and spiritual seekers alike.
Heinrich Khunrath’s Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae is an alchemical classic, the best known of Khunrath’s works. The work is infused with a strange combination of Christianity and magic, illustrated with elaborate, hand-colored, engraved plates heightened with gold and silver. The tension between spirituality and experiment, and the rich symbolism of Khunrath’s writings and their engravings brought condemnation of the book by the Sorbonne in 1625, and now attracts attention from scholars.
His most famous work on alchemy is the Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae (Amphitheater of Eternal Wisdom), a work on the mystical aspects of that art, which contains the oft-seen engraving entitled "The First Stage of the Great Work", better-known as the "Alchemist's Laboratory". The book was first published at Hamburg in 1595, with four circular elaborate, hand-colored, engraved plates heightened with gold and silver which Khunrath designed and were engraved by Paullus van der Doort. The book was then made more widely available in an expanded edition with the addition of other plates published posthumously in Hanau in 1609. Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae is an alchemical classic, combining both Christianity and magic. In it, Khunrath showed himself to be an adept of spiritual alchemy and illustrated the many-staged and intricate path to spiritual perfection. Khunrath's work was important in Lutheran circles. John Warwick Montgomery has pointed out that Johann Arndt (1555–1621), who was the influential writer of Lutheran books of pietiesm and devotion, composed a commentary on Amphitheatrum. Some of the ideas in his works are Kabbalistic in nature and foreshadow Rosicrucianism.(wiki article)