I detta projekt studerar vi hur Trafikverket principiellt bor forhalla sig till LCC-kalkyl i sin ... more I detta projekt studerar vi hur Trafikverket principiellt bor forhalla sig till LCC-kalkyl i sin verksamhet med speciellt fokus pa vaginvesteringar. Grunden for den principiella analysen utgors av ...
The standard public procurement approach has been to award contracts to the lowest bidder meeting... more The standard public procurement approach has been to award contracts to the lowest bidder meeting the requirements. In the EU, another award mechanism is almost as common and, moreover, is being promoted, i.e. awarding contracts to the best combination of price and quality, though whether this provides better value has rarely been studied. We contribute relevant empirical evidence by analyzing performance in public bus service contracts. In awarding contracts, a Swedish regional public transport authority alternated between favoring the lowest price and evaluating both price and bus operators’ processes for managing and improving bus service. The results of comparing these two approaches suggest that bus operators perform equally well in terms of punctuality regardless of the award mechanism. We conclude that caution is needed when promoting and implementing award mechanisms evaluating both price and quality. Knowledge of whether and how these outperform lowest price mechanisms remain limited in practice
Det finns for narvarande ytterst litet evidensbaserade rekommendationer for hur kollektivtrafikav... more Det finns for narvarande ytterst litet evidensbaserade rekommendationer for hur kollektivtrafikavtal bor konstrueras for att pa basta satt ge drivkrafter for att na malen. Detta projekt kan ses som ...
The objective to reduce carbon emissions has inspired Swedish regional public transport authoriti... more The objective to reduce carbon emissions has inspired Swedish regional public transport authorities (RPTA) to adopt a goal of doubling public transport patronage from 2006 to 2020. Several measures ...
Abstract This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies... more Abstract This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies in small cities by modeling street congestion and crowding in public transport vehicles. The model is calibrated to the Swedish city of Uppsala. A simple demand model is used. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this is sufficient for representing important welfare effects. The results indicate that there would be large, robust welfare gains from reducing public transport supply in Uppsala, especially in the outer zone of the city where reductions of supply would be large compared to the current situation. The welfare gains from adjusting fares would be smaller.
ABSTRACT We study tacit collusion by investigating experimentally the effect of explicit instruct... more ABSTRACT We study tacit collusion by investigating experimentally the effect of explicit instructions on how to coordinate prices. We find: (i) no tacit collusion in triopoly markets even with explicit instructions on how to coordinate, and (ii) increased tacit collusion with explicit instructions in duopoly markets. The results suggest that there are additional factors than the difficulty of finding a collusive pricing scheme, that effectively limit tacit collusion.
The best and most detailed knowledge of car use in Sweden and how car use is changing comes from ... more The best and most detailed knowledge of car use in Sweden and how car use is changing comes from travel surveys. There are also many studies of how the number of car journeys and kilometres driven is affected by petrol price changes and other cost increases. The most important cost items in terms of car use are petrol, purchase of the vehicle and maintenance. Car ownership is widespread and relatively sensitive to purchasing costs and income changes. On the other hand, car use is not sensitive to petrol price increases. The number of car journeys and car kilometres is not greatly affected by petrol price increases. An explanation for that is that the average household expenditure for petrol accounts for a relatively small proportion of total household expenses, in average between three and seven per cent. Another conclusion is that we do not know much about how households adapt to increased costs.
I detta projekt studerar vi hur Trafikverket principiellt bor forhalla sig till LCC-kalkyl i sin ... more I detta projekt studerar vi hur Trafikverket principiellt bor forhalla sig till LCC-kalkyl i sin verksamhet med speciellt fokus pa vaginvesteringar. Grunden for den principiella analysen utgors av ...
The standard public procurement approach has been to award contracts to the lowest bidder meeting... more The standard public procurement approach has been to award contracts to the lowest bidder meeting the requirements. In the EU, another award mechanism is almost as common and, moreover, is being promoted, i.e. awarding contracts to the best combination of price and quality, though whether this provides better value has rarely been studied. We contribute relevant empirical evidence by analyzing performance in public bus service contracts. In awarding contracts, a Swedish regional public transport authority alternated between favoring the lowest price and evaluating both price and bus operators’ processes for managing and improving bus service. The results of comparing these two approaches suggest that bus operators perform equally well in terms of punctuality regardless of the award mechanism. We conclude that caution is needed when promoting and implementing award mechanisms evaluating both price and quality. Knowledge of whether and how these outperform lowest price mechanisms remain limited in practice
Det finns for narvarande ytterst litet evidensbaserade rekommendationer for hur kollektivtrafikav... more Det finns for narvarande ytterst litet evidensbaserade rekommendationer for hur kollektivtrafikavtal bor konstrueras for att pa basta satt ge drivkrafter for att na malen. Detta projekt kan ses som ...
The objective to reduce carbon emissions has inspired Swedish regional public transport authoriti... more The objective to reduce carbon emissions has inspired Swedish regional public transport authorities (RPTA) to adopt a goal of doubling public transport patronage from 2006 to 2020. Several measures ...
Abstract This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies... more Abstract This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies in small cities by modeling street congestion and crowding in public transport vehicles. The model is calibrated to the Swedish city of Uppsala. A simple demand model is used. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this is sufficient for representing important welfare effects. The results indicate that there would be large, robust welfare gains from reducing public transport supply in Uppsala, especially in the outer zone of the city where reductions of supply would be large compared to the current situation. The welfare gains from adjusting fares would be smaller.
ABSTRACT We study tacit collusion by investigating experimentally the effect of explicit instruct... more ABSTRACT We study tacit collusion by investigating experimentally the effect of explicit instructions on how to coordinate prices. We find: (i) no tacit collusion in triopoly markets even with explicit instructions on how to coordinate, and (ii) increased tacit collusion with explicit instructions in duopoly markets. The results suggest that there are additional factors than the difficulty of finding a collusive pricing scheme, that effectively limit tacit collusion.
The best and most detailed knowledge of car use in Sweden and how car use is changing comes from ... more The best and most detailed knowledge of car use in Sweden and how car use is changing comes from travel surveys. There are also many studies of how the number of car journeys and kilometres driven is affected by petrol price changes and other cost increases. The most important cost items in terms of car use are petrol, purchase of the vehicle and maintenance. Car ownership is widespread and relatively sensitive to purchasing costs and income changes. On the other hand, car use is not sensitive to petrol price increases. The number of car journeys and car kilometres is not greatly affected by petrol price increases. An explanation for that is that the average household expenditure for petrol accounts for a relatively small proportion of total household expenses, in average between three and seven per cent. Another conclusion is that we do not know much about how households adapt to increased costs.
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Papers by Roger Pyddoke