Papers by Peyton Eggleston
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2002
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1998
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2001
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Pediatrics, Oct 1, 1974
Page 1. 1974;54;442-449 Pediatrics Peyton A. Eggleston, Byron H. Ward, William E. Pierson and C. ... more Page 1. 1974;54;442-449 Pediatrics Peyton A. Eggleston, Byron H. Ward, William E. Pierson and C. Warren Bierman Radiographic Abnormalities in Acute Asthma in Children ... Peyton A. Eggleston, MD, Byron H. Ward, MD, William E. Pierson, MD, and C. Warren Bierman, MD ...
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J Allerg Clin Immunol, 1996
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Data Revues 00916749 V117i2ss S0091674905030356, Aug 16, 2011
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The American Review of Respiratory Disease, Aug 1, 1984
Because both hyperosmolar and IgE-dependent stimuli may be encountered in the airway, and because... more Because both hyperosmolar and IgE-dependent stimuli may be encountered in the airway, and because hyperosmolarity causes histamine release in basophils, we examined the effects of the 2 stimuli on human lung mast cells. Mast cells prepared by enzymatic digestion of human lung were suspended in buffers made hyperosmolar with mannitol. Significant histamine release was seen above 360 mOsm/kg H2O, increasing to 11.9 +/- 1.0% at 770 mOsm/kg H2O, and release was synergistically enhanced by anti-IgE. Cells that had been rendered unresponsive to IgE-dependent stimuli by exposure to anti-IgE in the absence of Ca++ became markedly more responsive to hyperosmolar stimulation, and released as much as 32 +/- 2% histamine in hyperosmolar buffers alone. Antigen-induced histamine release from the basophils of allergic donors was also synergistically enhanced in buffers above 460 mOsm/kg H2O. These data show that immunologic and nonimmunologic stimuli may interact, and that human lung mast cells are capable of mediator release when exposed to osmolarities that may occur in the airway, especially during hyperventilation. Hyperosmolar mediator release is a plausible mechanism by which exercise-induced hyperventilation might induce asthma.
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J Allerg Clin Immunol, 2000
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Annals of Allergy Asthma Immunology, 2003
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Curr Opin Pediatr, 1997
Immunotherapy has been shown to prevent rhinitis symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and to p... more Immunotherapy has been shown to prevent rhinitis symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and to prevent anaphylaxis to hymenoptera and fire ant stings. The evidence supporting its effectiveness in the treatment of asthma is much more limited; it appears that clinical trials, until the past year, have only tested therapy for single allergens such as house dust mite, cats, pollen, and mold. In the past year, a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was completed that tested immunotherapy with a mixture of multiple allergen extracts in 121 perennial asthmatic children. This was the first test of treatment with allergen mixtures. The trial showed that over 30% of children underwent a complete or partial remission during the 2.5 years of therapy, but the changes were almost identical in both treatment and placebo control groups. Other trials were reported that examined injection therapy using synthetic fragments of the major allergen responsible for allergic reactions to cats. In this trial, acute rhinitis and asthma during exposure to naturally occurring airborne particles of cat allergen were reduced significantly.
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mar 31, 1995
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jan 6, 1996
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J Allerg Clin Immunol, 1992
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The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1990
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Genetica, 1987
A range of long established inbred lines derived from the TEXAS population of Drosophila melanoga... more A range of long established inbred lines derived from the TEXAS population of Drosophila melanogaster have been used to elucidate the nature of the competitive interactions which occur in genetically heterogeneous mixtures. A prerequisite for this type of investigation is the ability to distinguish the genotypes which compete in mixed culture. Specific marker alleles are generally used to achieve this distinction although in the past little attention has been given to the possibility of competitive bias introduced by the marker alleles themselves. For the experiments reported in this paper two specific marker alleles (y2 and wa) have been introduced independently into the TEXAS inbred lines. In this way the original wild type inbred lines could be compared with similar series of genotypes marked with either y2 or wa and the effects of the marker alleles determined. The results indicated that the body colour mutation (y2) was neutral in its effect on the competitive interaction of recipient strains. The introduction of the white apricot eye colour mutation (wa) however, had a pronounced and deleterious effect on competitive ability. This effect was to render genotypes less able to compete effectively in mixed culture by depressing inter-genotypic competitive ability. These effects were found to be consistent over a range of genotypes and for each of two characters measuring competitive success.
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The American Review of Respiratory Disease, Mar 1, 1988
Hyperosmolar environments induce histamine release from mast cells and basophils in vitro. To ass... more Hyperosmolar environments induce histamine release from mast cells and basophils in vitro. To assess whether the same stimulus induces mediator release in vivo, 15 healthy human volunteers underwent nasal challenges with instilled solutions of differing osmolalities: lactated Ringer's solution (257 +/- 3 mOsm/kg), isosmolar mannitol (277 +/- 6 mOsm/kg), and hyperosmolar mannitol (869 +/- 8 mOsm/kg). The effect of these challenges on the volume, osmolality, and inflammatory mediator content of subsequent 5-ml isosmolar lavages was determined. The volumes of lavages returned after hyperosmolar challenges were significantly greater than those after isosmolar challenges (5.5 +/- 0.2 ml versus 4.2 +/- 0.1 ml; p less than 0.01) and these lavage solutions had higher osmolalities. Even when corrected for increased volumes, the lavages after hyperosmolar challenges contained significantly higher quantities of inflammatory mediators such as histamine (29.0 versus 10.1 ng; p less than 0.01), TAME-esterase activity (32.7 versus 11.1 cpm x 10(-3); p less than 0.01), and immunoreactive leukotrienes (9.9 versus 3.4 ng; p less than 0.01). The changes in mediators were dose dependent in that incremental increase in challenge osmolality were associated with incremental increases in histamine release. Therefore, when exposed to hyperosmolar stimuli in vivo, the nasal respiratory airway releases inflammatory mediators and fluid rapidly shifts into the airway lumen. It has been suggested that the mediator release observed on breathing cold and dry air is due to increased osmolality of airway secretions; the present data confirm that osmotic variations at the airway surface can provide an adequate stimulus for cell activation.
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Data Revues 00916749 V103i5 S0091674999704197, Aug 9, 2011
Skin testing and RASTs are the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of allergy. Questions... more Skin testing and RASTs are the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of allergy. Questions remain, however, as to the accuracy of these tests, particularly with regard to the role of intradermal skin tests (IDSTs) in the evaluation of respiratory allergy. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of skin prick tests (SPTs), IDSTs, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy. Patients were challenged with a well-characterized cat exposure model after evaluation by history, SPTs, IDSTs (if SPT results were negative), and RASTs. All patients were evaluated with respect to their upper respiratory responses, although only those patients with asthma were included in the analysis of lower airway responses. Challenge results were considered positive if the mean upper respiratory symptom score was 0.5 or more, the mean lower respiratory symptom score was 0.4 or more, or the maximum fall in FEV1 value was 15% or more. One hundred twenty patients were evaluated. SPT values were positive in 81 patients; of the remaining 39 patients, IDST values were positive in 26 patients. RASTs were performed in 89 patients; the values were positive in 45 of 51 patients with a positive SPT value and were negative in all patients with a negative SPT value. When any positive challenge outcome was considered, positive challenge results were seen in 38 of 41 patients with a positive SPT score, in 10 of 39 patients with a negative SPT score, in 6 of 26 patients with a positive IDST score, in 4 of 13 patients with a negative IDST score, in 27 of 27 patients with a positive RAST score, and in 12 of 44 patients with a negative RAST score. Although both SPT and RAST values exhibited excellent efficiency in the diagnosis of cat allergy, IDST scores added little to the diagnostic evaluation.
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J Allerg Clin Immunol, 2003
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The American Review of Respiratory Disease, May 1, 1987
Basophils and mast cells release histamine in hyperosmolar environments. Osmotic release differs ... more Basophils and mast cells release histamine in hyperosmolar environments. Osmotic release differs significantly from IgE-dependent activation and may be important in the pathophysiology of anaphylactoid reactions during intravenous infusions of hyperosmolar radiocontrast dyes and of obstructive attacks suffered by asthmatics after exercise. To confirm reported differences in osmotic activation of basophils and lung mast cells, the process was compared systematically in the 2 cell types. Both cells were activated by hyperosmolar mannitol, glucose, sucrose, and NaCl, but histamine release from basophils rose sharply to a maximum at 1,050 mOsm/kg, whereas mast cells released maximally at 700 to 750 mOsm/kg. Release was partially Ca2+-dependent in basophils but was highly Ca2+-dependent in mast cells. Release in mast cells was rapid and essentially complete by 5 min, whereas 45 to 60 min were required in basophils. The temperature optimum in both cell types was 32 degrees C, and release in both was enhanced by drugs that increase intracellular cAMP (PGE2, IBMX, and db cAMP). We conclude that osmotic activation of basophils and mast cells is a nontoxic process that differs significantly from IgE-dependent histamine release. If it does indeed participate in the pathophysiology of human disease, different treatment strategies will be required to modulate this contribution.
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The Journal of Asthma, Feb 1, 1991
Duration of symptoms, medication use and follow-up medical care were examined over an 8-week peri... more Duration of symptoms, medication use and follow-up medical care were examined over an 8-week period in children following emergency room treatment for an acute asthma episode. Two groups of children were compared: Short-course (N = 90) and Continuous Medication Users (N = 46). Over a third of Short-Course Users continued to report symptoms up to 6 weeks following the index episode with 31% reporting medication use at 8 weeks. Relapse, resulting in an emergency room visit, occurred in 26% of all study children. Factors associated with relapse included maternal smoking, female gender, prior hospitalization for asthma, cough, and medication use during the follow-up period.
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Papers by Peyton Eggleston