Pakistan is in grave need of transparency and freedom of information. The public expects policyma... more Pakistan is in grave need of transparency and freedom of information. The public expects policymakers to design policies and device measures to give them the right to look into the public records and track corruption. However, transparency and freedom of information are not much debatable topics in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of a transparent political process and bring into light the loopholes existing in Pakistan. When it comes to the public's rights, they are only aware of five fundamental living rights: food, education, clothing, shelter, and the right to live. The majority of Pakistani Public have no idea of right to education as they consider it a secondary need. Transparency and freedom of information are imperative for any country to reduce corruption and ensure good governance. When the authorized parties know that they are being tracked and observed by the public (which is the ultimate authority to elect any government), their l...
Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricula... more Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricular support from college and about their social life at campus have all been changed greatly. The relative scarcity of data about the expectations of Pakistani medical students has merited this study. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad at the in December, 2012 based on random sampling technique. Expectation questionnaire of University of Northumbria for Survey of Student Attitudes, Experiences and Expectations was used. One hundred and sixty-two students responded to the questionnaire with 93 (58.1%) males. Students had a fairly realistic picture of academic demands and college environment. There was major difference in the opinions of male and female students about physical environment of college with female having prior misconception about it. Forty-eight percent student found medical education challenging. About 63.3% students had realistic pictu...
Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in the general... more Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in the general population with an estimated incidence of 18 per thousand persons. It is more common in women and the reported annual incidence is 12%. The problematic factors in urinary tract infection are its high incidence, recurrence and increasing resistance of uropathogens towards antibiotics. The objective of the study was to find a herbal anti bacterial alternative to avoid side effects and other problems of antibiotics. The anti microbial activity of Aloevera Gel is known. The purpose was to observe the effect of Aloevera Gel (in vitro) against some selected uropathogens mainly involved in causing urinary tract infection. Methods: In vitro activity of Aloe Vera Gel was studied on 3 selected urinary micro organisms i.e., Ecoli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, collected from the positive urine cultures of UTI patients. 30 cases were included consisting of 10 for every urinary p...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2009
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a very common droplet infection especially in the northern areas.... more BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a very common droplet infection especially in the northern areas. If untreated, the disease may be fatal within 5 years in more than half of cases. To study the frequency of anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) induced hepato-toxicity was the subject of the present hospital based descriptive study. METHOD The study was conducted in Medical Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital and patients with diagnosed Tuberculosis in whom ATT was initiated were included in the study. The subsequent development of elevated liver enzyme levels and hepatitis, amongst some members of the study group; was diagnosed, with the help of clinical findings and Liver Function Tests (LFT's) and were dealt with according to severity. RESULTS Out of the 500 patients studied 277 (55.4%) were male and 223 (44.6%) were female, 203 (40.5%) were in age group 21-35 years, 136 (27.1%) in age group 36-50 years, 141 (28.1%) in age group 51-65 years while 20 (4%) were above 65 years of age. Out of th...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2011
BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper... more BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the health impacts. Random households were selected. Information was collected from questionnaire through interview schedule method, group discussion and observation checklist. RESULTS People rated water and sanitation condition in urban as: 10% very good, 27% good, 20% bad, 43% very bad, and none of them said we don't know While in rural areas they rated 10% very good, 36% good, 44% bad, 6% very bad, and 4% of them said we don't know. Water sources in selected urban and rural areas were different. 37% in urban and 68% in rural area depended on bore wells as water source, 22% depended on hand pumps. In urban areas, the disease ratio was typhoid 20%, hepatitis 13%, diarrhoea 27%, skin infection 23%, stomach problems 53% and allergies 33%. In rural areas, after stomach problems, diarrhoea, hepatitis an...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2009
BACKGROUND In this research paper efforts have been made to document the ethno-botanical knowledg... more BACKGROUND In this research paper efforts have been made to document the ethno-botanical knowledge of important plant species found in Northern Pakistan. It includes Thandiani, Galiat, Kaghan, Swat, Buner, Dir, Chitral and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The area has many climatic and vegetation zones or biomes. Locals residing in mountainous areas belonging to various ethnic groups are traditionally utilizing plants over many generations; these ethnic groups have their distinct life style, belief, traditions and cultural heritage. METHODS Plant collection and data regarding traditional uses in various areas of Northern Pakistan has been done periodically in different flowering /fruiting seasons. Locals of old age belonging to various ethnic groups were personally interviewed for establishing uses of plants. Photography is done for easy identification and habitat recognition. Collected plant specimens and seeds were preserved. Plant species were dried, mounted, identified and authentica...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND The use of β-blockers is limited by adverse effects such as bronchospasm in asthmatics... more BACKGROUND The use of β-blockers is limited by adverse effects such as bronchospasm in asthmatics. Third generation β-blockers such as nebivolol may show better tolerability in asthmatic subjects because they lack β-blocker induced bronchoconstriction. Methods: Effects of nebivolol on the tracheal muscle strips prepared from ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs of both sexes were studied. Two sets of experiments were designed after dividing the animals randomly into two groups. Using oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution as the nutrient medium, the trachealis muscle activity was measured with isometric force displacement transducer and recorded on 4-channel Oscillograph. RESULT Nebivolol 10(-6) M did not produce significant effect on contractions evoked by histamine in concentrations ranging from 10(-7) M to 10(-3) M. The mean of amplitude of contraction for different concentrations of histamine were calculated and compared with the group treated with histamine only. Mean of amplitude of ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhin... more BACKGROUND Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. METHODOLOGY The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. RESULTS A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control grou...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2018
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed either deliberately or unintentionally to a variety of diverse chem... more BACKGROUND Humans are exposed either deliberately or unintentionally to a variety of diverse chemicals that harm the kidney. To reduce the alarming high incidence of nephrotoxicity, some chemical as well as herbal alternatives are needed. Nimesulide belongs to a group of antiinflammatory drugs that are in common use in our society. Like all non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, it carries a potential threat of nephrotoxicity especially when other risk factors are present in user. The objective of this study was to find herbal alternative with antiinflammatory and nephroprotective qualities and to bring into light its mechanism of nephroprotection. METHODS This experimental study was conducted on mice at National Institute of Health, Islamabad from Feb 2013 to March 2014. Nimesulide was given in a dosage of 750 mg/kg body weight for 3 days to induce nephrotoxicity and protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa was noted in two doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 14 days. Renal function ...
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The tre... more BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of tuberculosis consists of simultaneous use of a number of drugs for a prolonged period of time, therefore anti-tuberculosis treatment induced toxicity is a real problem. Many risk factors which make a tuberculosis patient prone to the development of hepatotoxicity associated with the anti-tuberculosis treatment have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine common risk factors responsible for precipitation of hepatotoxicity following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 20th April 2013 to 19th March 2014. Patients -' , who were newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in whom treatment of tuberculosis with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was initiated and were 20 years or older, were included. The precipitation of drug induced hep...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainl... more BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E coli). Due to its high incidence and recurrence, problems are faced in the treatment with antibiotics. Cranberry being herbal remedy have long been the focus of interest for their beneficial effects in preventing urinary tract infections. This study was conducted to analyse in vitro activity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on uropathogenic E coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. METHODS In this laboratory based single group experimental study, anti-bacterial activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate on urinary tract E coli was investigated, in vitro. Ninety-six culture positive cases of different uropathogens were identified. Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate at different concentrations was prepared in distilled water and put in wells punched in nutrient agar. E coli isolates were inoculated on the plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 ho...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Current researcn in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome- Proliferator Acti... more Current researcn in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome- Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS), which are pre-diabetic lesion and the hallmark of fully developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims at identifying the abnormal status of the PPAR-γ in adipose tissues of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, when compared with matched normal controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, from 2012 to 2014. Sample included three equal groups of patients. Group-1 with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 40-65 years, acting as the test group, Group-2 included non-diabetic obese, and Group-3 with normal subjects. Transcription Factor Assay for Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (gamma PPAR) was done on ELISA Technique from Nuclear Extract procured from Adipose Tissue of the subjects. Mean age of enrolled participants was 48.93 SD ± 6.52 years...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by... more Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E coli). Due to its high incidence and recurrence, problems are faced in the treatment with antibiotics. Cranberry being herbal remedy have long been the focus of interest for their beneficial effects in preventing urinary tract infections. This study was conducted to analyse in vitro activity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on uropathogenic E coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. In this laboratory based single group experimental study, anti-bacterial activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate on urinary tract E coli was investigated, in vitro. Ninety-six culture positive cases of different uropathogens were identified. Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate at different concentrations was prepared in distilled water and put in wells punched in nutrient agar. E coli isolates were inoculated on the plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. A citric acid ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR... more Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control group (p=0.031). Intraoperative app...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of t... more Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of tuberculosis consists of simultaneous use of a number of drugs for a prolonged period of time, therefore anti-tuberculosis treatment induced toxicity is a real problem. Many risk factors which make a tuberculosis patient prone to the development of hepatotoxicity associated with the anti-tuberculosis treatment have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine common risk factors responsible for precipitation of hepatotoxicity following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 20th April 2013 to 19th March 2014. Patients -' , who were newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in whom treatment of tuberculosis with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was initiated and were 20 years or older, were included. The precipitation of drug induced hepatotoxicity was dia...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricula... more Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricular support from college and about their social life at campus have all been changed greatly. The relative scarcity of data about the expectations of Pakistani medical students has merited this study. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad at the in December, 2012 based on random sampling technique. Expectation questionnaire of University of Northumbria for Survey of Student Attitudes, Experiences and Expectations was used. One hundred and sixty-two students responded to the questionnaire with 93 (58.1%) males. Students had a fairly realistic picture of academic demands and college environment. There was major difference in the opinions of male and female students about physical environment of college with female having prior misconception about it. Forty-eight percent student found medical education challenging. About 63.3% students had realistic pictu...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Viral encephalitis is a common condition but only a few studies are available on occurrence of vi... more Viral encephalitis is a common condition but only a few studies are available on occurrence of viral encephalitis in postnatal women. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of postnatal encephalitis among patients presenting with cerebral neurological complications during puerperium and to determine a response to 10 day course of acyclovir therapy and final outcome of the patients. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Unit A, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from Jan to Dec 2011. All patients presenting with encephalitis in their postnatal period were enrolled. Eclampsia patients were excluded from study. The diagnosis of encephalitis was made on clinical assessment, CSF routine examination, CT scan and MRI. Among patients 16 (84.2%) presented with fever, 13 (68.42%) with headache, 8 (42.1%) with meningeal irritation, 7 (36.84%) with hemiparesis, 18 (94.7%) with altered sensorium, 13 (68.42%) with seizures, and 7 (36.8...
Tuberculosis (TB), is a very common droplet infection, especially in northern Pakistan. To study ... more Tuberculosis (TB), is a very common droplet infection, especially in northern Pakistan. To study frequency of ATT-induced hepato-toxicity was the subject of the present hospital based descriptive study at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. With effective, timely, and proper ...
Pakistan is in grave need of transparency and freedom of information. The public expects policyma... more Pakistan is in grave need of transparency and freedom of information. The public expects policymakers to design policies and device measures to give them the right to look into the public records and track corruption. However, transparency and freedom of information are not much debatable topics in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of a transparent political process and bring into light the loopholes existing in Pakistan. When it comes to the public's rights, they are only aware of five fundamental living rights: food, education, clothing, shelter, and the right to live. The majority of Pakistani Public have no idea of right to education as they consider it a secondary need. Transparency and freedom of information are imperative for any country to reduce corruption and ensure good governance. When the authorized parties know that they are being tracked and observed by the public (which is the ultimate authority to elect any government), their l...
Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricula... more Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricular support from college and about their social life at campus have all been changed greatly. The relative scarcity of data about the expectations of Pakistani medical students has merited this study. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad at the in December, 2012 based on random sampling technique. Expectation questionnaire of University of Northumbria for Survey of Student Attitudes, Experiences and Expectations was used. One hundred and sixty-two students responded to the questionnaire with 93 (58.1%) males. Students had a fairly realistic picture of academic demands and college environment. There was major difference in the opinions of male and female students about physical environment of college with female having prior misconception about it. Forty-eight percent student found medical education challenging. About 63.3% students had realistic pictu...
Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in the general... more Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in the general population with an estimated incidence of 18 per thousand persons. It is more common in women and the reported annual incidence is 12%. The problematic factors in urinary tract infection are its high incidence, recurrence and increasing resistance of uropathogens towards antibiotics. The objective of the study was to find a herbal anti bacterial alternative to avoid side effects and other problems of antibiotics. The anti microbial activity of Aloevera Gel is known. The purpose was to observe the effect of Aloevera Gel (in vitro) against some selected uropathogens mainly involved in causing urinary tract infection. Methods: In vitro activity of Aloe Vera Gel was studied on 3 selected urinary micro organisms i.e., Ecoli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, collected from the positive urine cultures of UTI patients. 30 cases were included consisting of 10 for every urinary p...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2009
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a very common droplet infection especially in the northern areas.... more BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a very common droplet infection especially in the northern areas. If untreated, the disease may be fatal within 5 years in more than half of cases. To study the frequency of anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) induced hepato-toxicity was the subject of the present hospital based descriptive study. METHOD The study was conducted in Medical Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital and patients with diagnosed Tuberculosis in whom ATT was initiated were included in the study. The subsequent development of elevated liver enzyme levels and hepatitis, amongst some members of the study group; was diagnosed, with the help of clinical findings and Liver Function Tests (LFT's) and were dealt with according to severity. RESULTS Out of the 500 patients studied 277 (55.4%) were male and 223 (44.6%) were female, 203 (40.5%) were in age group 21-35 years, 136 (27.1%) in age group 36-50 years, 141 (28.1%) in age group 51-65 years while 20 (4%) were above 65 years of age. Out of th...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2011
BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper... more BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the health impacts. Random households were selected. Information was collected from questionnaire through interview schedule method, group discussion and observation checklist. RESULTS People rated water and sanitation condition in urban as: 10% very good, 27% good, 20% bad, 43% very bad, and none of them said we don't know While in rural areas they rated 10% very good, 36% good, 44% bad, 6% very bad, and 4% of them said we don't know. Water sources in selected urban and rural areas were different. 37% in urban and 68% in rural area depended on bore wells as water source, 22% depended on hand pumps. In urban areas, the disease ratio was typhoid 20%, hepatitis 13%, diarrhoea 27%, skin infection 23%, stomach problems 53% and allergies 33%. In rural areas, after stomach problems, diarrhoea, hepatitis an...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2009
BACKGROUND In this research paper efforts have been made to document the ethno-botanical knowledg... more BACKGROUND In this research paper efforts have been made to document the ethno-botanical knowledge of important plant species found in Northern Pakistan. It includes Thandiani, Galiat, Kaghan, Swat, Buner, Dir, Chitral and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The area has many climatic and vegetation zones or biomes. Locals residing in mountainous areas belonging to various ethnic groups are traditionally utilizing plants over many generations; these ethnic groups have their distinct life style, belief, traditions and cultural heritage. METHODS Plant collection and data regarding traditional uses in various areas of Northern Pakistan has been done periodically in different flowering /fruiting seasons. Locals of old age belonging to various ethnic groups were personally interviewed for establishing uses of plants. Photography is done for easy identification and habitat recognition. Collected plant specimens and seeds were preserved. Plant species were dried, mounted, identified and authentica...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND The use of β-blockers is limited by adverse effects such as bronchospasm in asthmatics... more BACKGROUND The use of β-blockers is limited by adverse effects such as bronchospasm in asthmatics. Third generation β-blockers such as nebivolol may show better tolerability in asthmatic subjects because they lack β-blocker induced bronchoconstriction. Methods: Effects of nebivolol on the tracheal muscle strips prepared from ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs of both sexes were studied. Two sets of experiments were designed after dividing the animals randomly into two groups. Using oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution as the nutrient medium, the trachealis muscle activity was measured with isometric force displacement transducer and recorded on 4-channel Oscillograph. RESULT Nebivolol 10(-6) M did not produce significant effect on contractions evoked by histamine in concentrations ranging from 10(-7) M to 10(-3) M. The mean of amplitude of contraction for different concentrations of histamine were calculated and compared with the group treated with histamine only. Mean of amplitude of ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhin... more BACKGROUND Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. METHODOLOGY The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. RESULTS A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control grou...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2018
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed either deliberately or unintentionally to a variety of diverse chem... more BACKGROUND Humans are exposed either deliberately or unintentionally to a variety of diverse chemicals that harm the kidney. To reduce the alarming high incidence of nephrotoxicity, some chemical as well as herbal alternatives are needed. Nimesulide belongs to a group of antiinflammatory drugs that are in common use in our society. Like all non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, it carries a potential threat of nephrotoxicity especially when other risk factors are present in user. The objective of this study was to find herbal alternative with antiinflammatory and nephroprotective qualities and to bring into light its mechanism of nephroprotection. METHODS This experimental study was conducted on mice at National Institute of Health, Islamabad from Feb 2013 to March 2014. Nimesulide was given in a dosage of 750 mg/kg body weight for 3 days to induce nephrotoxicity and protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa was noted in two doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 14 days. Renal function ...
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The tre... more BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of tuberculosis consists of simultaneous use of a number of drugs for a prolonged period of time, therefore anti-tuberculosis treatment induced toxicity is a real problem. Many risk factors which make a tuberculosis patient prone to the development of hepatotoxicity associated with the anti-tuberculosis treatment have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine common risk factors responsible for precipitation of hepatotoxicity following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 20th April 2013 to 19th March 2014. Patients -' , who were newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in whom treatment of tuberculosis with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was initiated and were 20 years or older, were included. The precipitation of drug induced hep...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2015
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainl... more BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E coli). Due to its high incidence and recurrence, problems are faced in the treatment with antibiotics. Cranberry being herbal remedy have long been the focus of interest for their beneficial effects in preventing urinary tract infections. This study was conducted to analyse in vitro activity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on uropathogenic E coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. METHODS In this laboratory based single group experimental study, anti-bacterial activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate on urinary tract E coli was investigated, in vitro. Ninety-six culture positive cases of different uropathogens were identified. Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate at different concentrations was prepared in distilled water and put in wells punched in nutrient agar. E coli isolates were inoculated on the plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 ho...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Current researcn in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome- Proliferator Acti... more Current researcn in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome- Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS), which are pre-diabetic lesion and the hallmark of fully developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims at identifying the abnormal status of the PPAR-γ in adipose tissues of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, when compared with matched normal controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, from 2012 to 2014. Sample included three equal groups of patients. Group-1 with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 40-65 years, acting as the test group, Group-2 included non-diabetic obese, and Group-3 with normal subjects. Transcription Factor Assay for Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (gamma PPAR) was done on ELISA Technique from Nuclear Extract procured from Adipose Tissue of the subjects. Mean age of enrolled participants was 48.93 SD ± 6.52 years...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by... more Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in the community, mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E coli). Due to its high incidence and recurrence, problems are faced in the treatment with antibiotics. Cranberry being herbal remedy have long been the focus of interest for their beneficial effects in preventing urinary tract infections. This study was conducted to analyse in vitro activity of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on uropathogenic E coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. In this laboratory based single group experimental study, anti-bacterial activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate on urinary tract E coli was investigated, in vitro. Ninety-six culture positive cases of different uropathogens were identified. Vaccinium macrocarpon concentrate at different concentrations was prepared in distilled water and put in wells punched in nutrient agar. E coli isolates were inoculated on the plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. A citric acid ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR... more Patients develop postoperative fibrosis at the site of operation after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which results in impairment of the osteum patency. This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the role of intraoperative Mitomycin C (MMC) application in maintaining postoperative patency of the osteum. The present study was conducted at the Eye department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad on patients in whom routine DCR was indicated. Subjects were divided into mitomycin C (Test) and non mitomycin C (Control) groups. In test group, Mitomycin C was applied to the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site for 30 minutes. Postoperative patients were followed for up to 6 months and outcome of patency was documented. A.total of 73 patients were included, divided into test (30) and control (43) groups. An overall success rate of 86.3% was obtained for patent ostia; this was based on 96.67% success in test group compared to 79.1% in the control group (p=0.031). Intraoperative app...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of t... more Tuberculosis is a global pandemic which affects millions of people every year. The treatment of tuberculosis consists of simultaneous use of a number of drugs for a prolonged period of time, therefore anti-tuberculosis treatment induced toxicity is a real problem. Many risk factors which make a tuberculosis patient prone to the development of hepatotoxicity associated with the anti-tuberculosis treatment have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine common risk factors responsible for precipitation of hepatotoxicity following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 20th April 2013 to 19th March 2014. Patients -' , who were newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in whom treatment of tuberculosis with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs was initiated and were 20 years or older, were included. The precipitation of drug induced hepatotoxicity was dia...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricula... more Over past few decades, the expectations of medical students about their academics, extracurricular support from college and about their social life at campus have all been changed greatly. The relative scarcity of data about the expectations of Pakistani medical students has merited this study. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad at the in December, 2012 based on random sampling technique. Expectation questionnaire of University of Northumbria for Survey of Student Attitudes, Experiences and Expectations was used. One hundred and sixty-two students responded to the questionnaire with 93 (58.1%) males. Students had a fairly realistic picture of academic demands and college environment. There was major difference in the opinions of male and female students about physical environment of college with female having prior misconception about it. Forty-eight percent student found medical education challenging. About 63.3% students had realistic pictu...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Viral encephalitis is a common condition but only a few studies are available on occurrence of vi... more Viral encephalitis is a common condition but only a few studies are available on occurrence of viral encephalitis in postnatal women. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of postnatal encephalitis among patients presenting with cerebral neurological complications during puerperium and to determine a response to 10 day course of acyclovir therapy and final outcome of the patients. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Unit A, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from Jan to Dec 2011. All patients presenting with encephalitis in their postnatal period were enrolled. Eclampsia patients were excluded from study. The diagnosis of encephalitis was made on clinical assessment, CSF routine examination, CT scan and MRI. Among patients 16 (84.2%) presented with fever, 13 (68.42%) with headache, 8 (42.1%) with meningeal irritation, 7 (36.84%) with hemiparesis, 18 (94.7%) with altered sensorium, 13 (68.42%) with seizures, and 7 (36.8...
Tuberculosis (TB), is a very common droplet infection, especially in northern Pakistan. To study ... more Tuberculosis (TB), is a very common droplet infection, especially in northern Pakistan. To study frequency of ATT-induced hepato-toxicity was the subject of the present hospital based descriptive study at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. With effective, timely, and proper ...
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