Role of Transcription Factors in Gastrointestinal Malignancies, 2017
Pancreatic cancer is one of the foremost causes of cancer-related death in the United States and ... more Pancreatic cancer is one of the foremost causes of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor which plays a pivotal involvement in pancreatic cancer owing to its connection at the downstream stage of many signaling cascades including arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. AA cascade is an upstream pathway and regulator of NF-κB pathway. Moreover, NF-κB can bind to the cis-acting elements in the promoter of phospholipase A2s, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases, and these pathways are upregulated in a variety of cancers. Several investigators have proved that AA pathway-associated NF-κB has key role in pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer and has been considered as a vital therapeutic target. Several phytochemicals have been explored as novel therapeutic and preventive agents by targeting AA cascade-associated NF-κB pathway. In this chapter, the role of AA cascade-associated NF-κB pathway in pancreatic cancer has been reviewed and discussed about plant-derived inhibitors of this pathway for the prevention and the therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Environmental hazard is growing more and more due to the indiscriminate and frequently deliberate... more Environmental hazard is growing more and more due to the indiscriminate and frequently deliberate release of harmful substances. Use of chemicals in industrial processes including nuclear experiments, agricultural practices, and various aspects of our daily lives resulted into the release of potential hazardous chemicals into the environment either on purpose or by accident. These hazardous chemicals known to pollute the environment are pesticides, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, drugs, halogenated solvents, and agricultural chemicals. After their release into environment, these chemicals are transported through the water, soil, and atmosphere sources. Fungi play a very crucial role in bioremediation of hazardous chemicals owing to their robust morphology and diverse metabolic capacity. Fungal enzymes have potential to effectively transform and detoxify hazardous substances. They have been recognized to be able to transform pollutants at a detectable rate and are potentially suitable to restore polluted environments. The fungal degradation of xenobiotics is looked upon as an effective method of removing these pollutants from the environment by a process which is currently known as bioremediation. The present chapter focuses on different fungal groups secreted a number of enzymes from a variety of habitats with their role in bioremediation of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds. This chapter presents an extensive review of the fungal activities on hazardous chemicals, fungal diversity, and the use of fungi in the degradation of chemical pollutants, enzyme degrading systems, and perspectives on the use of fungi in bioremediation and unexplored research.
The identification and pharmacological validation of plant-based lead compounds for the cure of d... more The identification and pharmacological validation of plant-based lead compounds for the cure of different diseases including cancer have always been globally strived. In addition to possessing numerous medicinal properties, many of the phytochemicals display antioxidant potential activities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) causeoxidative stress leading to several severe diseases such as cancer. The antioxidants are substances that fight against ROS to protect the cells from their damaging effects. In the present study, the effects of methanol extract of Euglena tuba(ETME) have been evaluated for its antioxidant and antitumor potential against Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) introduced in BALB/cmice. After 24 h of intraperitoneal inoculation of DL cells in mice, ETME (300 mg kg−1 body weight) was administered intraperitoneally upto18 alternative days. On the 18th day, the mice were sacrificed; the blood and tissues (liver and brain) were collected to determine the tumor growth parameters includ...
Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis, 2020
Abstract Polyacetylenes (PA) are commonly present in nature but intense in specific taxa and are ... more Abstract Polyacetylenes (PA) are commonly present in nature but intense in specific taxa and are chemically and biologically active molecules. PA are more common in higher plants and ca. 2000 different polyacetylenes have been isolated from higher plants and fungi. PA are frequently recovered from the essential oils from plants. PA can be isolated and characterized by applying several analytical techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Raman mapping, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), one/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D/2D NMR). PA have shown numerous medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, platelet function inhibition, and serotogenic effects. PA also showed significant anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines, so they can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote cytotoxicity, and also induce twofold inhibitory action on acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme.
Biotechnological Advances, Phytochemical Analysis and Ethnomedical Implications of Sapindus species, 2019
Sapindus species belongs to the Sapindaceae family. Sapindus is medium-to-large size, deciduous t... more Sapindus species belongs to the Sapindaceae family. Sapindus is medium-to-large size, deciduous tree and few species of Sapindus exist as shrub too. This tree is an important forest tree species. Sapindus is commonly known as soapberry and soapnut because the fruits are acting as natural detergent and are used to make soap. All the species have some characteristic morphological features, but some basic features are similar in all species. Sapindus species occupies a noteworthy place of high medicinal and economical value due to being a rich source of saponins. Generally, Sapindus tree usually grows up to a height of 12–25 m, but sometimes it attains a height 18–35 m with 1.8 m girth; however, height of tree differs in various species. The bark of this plant is dark to pale yellow, fairly smooth, having many vertical lines of lenticels and fine fissures exfoliating in irregular wood scales. Leaves are compound, 30–50 cm long, alternate, paripinnate and having 5–10 pair leaflets, oppo...
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) grows widely in Southeast Asia. The pulp of the durian fruit contain... more Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) grows widely in Southeast Asia. The pulp of the durian fruit contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, various vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. This study was carried out to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of action of the methanolic extract of the fruit of Durio zibethinus (D. zibethinus) on human leukemia (HL-60) cells. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits exhibited its anticancer effect on HL-60 cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. The DNA damage was confirmed by comet and DNA fragmentation assays. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in HL-60 cells during the S phase and G2/M phase. Additionally, the methanolic extract caused induction of the apoptotic pathway in the HL-60 cell line. This was confirmed by increased expression in pro-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bax protein expression, and a substantial reduction (p < 0.001) in anti-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bcl-2 and ...
The breaking silence between the plant roots and microorganisms in the rhizosphere affects plant ... more The breaking silence between the plant roots and microorganisms in the rhizosphere affects plant growth and physiology by impacting biochemical, molecular, nutritional, and edaphic factors. The components of the root exudates are associated with the microbial population, notably, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The information accessible to date demonstrates that PGPR is specific to the plant's roots. However, inadequate information is accessible for developing bio-inoculation/bio-fertilizers for the crop in concern, with satisfactory results at the field level. There is a need to explore the perfect candidate PGPR to meet the need for plant growth and yield. The functions of PGPR and their chemotaxis mobility toward the plant root are triggered by the cluster of genes induced by the components of root exudates. Some reports have indicated the benefit of root exudates in plant growth and productivity, yet a methodical examination of rhizosecretion and its consequenc...
Role of Transcription Factors in Gastrointestinal Malignancies, 2017
Pancreatic cancer is one of the foremost causes of cancer-related death in the United States and ... more Pancreatic cancer is one of the foremost causes of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor which plays a pivotal involvement in pancreatic cancer owing to its connection at the downstream stage of many signaling cascades including arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. AA cascade is an upstream pathway and regulator of NF-κB pathway. Moreover, NF-κB can bind to the cis-acting elements in the promoter of phospholipase A2s, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases, and these pathways are upregulated in a variety of cancers. Several investigators have proved that AA pathway-associated NF-κB has key role in pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer and has been considered as a vital therapeutic target. Several phytochemicals have been explored as novel therapeutic and preventive agents by targeting AA cascade-associated NF-κB pathway. In this chapter, the role of AA cascade-associated NF-κB pathway in pancreatic cancer has been reviewed and discussed about plant-derived inhibitors of this pathway for the prevention and the therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Environmental hazard is growing more and more due to the indiscriminate and frequently deliberate... more Environmental hazard is growing more and more due to the indiscriminate and frequently deliberate release of harmful substances. Use of chemicals in industrial processes including nuclear experiments, agricultural practices, and various aspects of our daily lives resulted into the release of potential hazardous chemicals into the environment either on purpose or by accident. These hazardous chemicals known to pollute the environment are pesticides, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, drugs, halogenated solvents, and agricultural chemicals. After their release into environment, these chemicals are transported through the water, soil, and atmosphere sources. Fungi play a very crucial role in bioremediation of hazardous chemicals owing to their robust morphology and diverse metabolic capacity. Fungal enzymes have potential to effectively transform and detoxify hazardous substances. They have been recognized to be able to transform pollutants at a detectable rate and are potentially suitable to restore polluted environments. The fungal degradation of xenobiotics is looked upon as an effective method of removing these pollutants from the environment by a process which is currently known as bioremediation. The present chapter focuses on different fungal groups secreted a number of enzymes from a variety of habitats with their role in bioremediation of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds. This chapter presents an extensive review of the fungal activities on hazardous chemicals, fungal diversity, and the use of fungi in the degradation of chemical pollutants, enzyme degrading systems, and perspectives on the use of fungi in bioremediation and unexplored research.
The identification and pharmacological validation of plant-based lead compounds for the cure of d... more The identification and pharmacological validation of plant-based lead compounds for the cure of different diseases including cancer have always been globally strived. In addition to possessing numerous medicinal properties, many of the phytochemicals display antioxidant potential activities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) causeoxidative stress leading to several severe diseases such as cancer. The antioxidants are substances that fight against ROS to protect the cells from their damaging effects. In the present study, the effects of methanol extract of Euglena tuba(ETME) have been evaluated for its antioxidant and antitumor potential against Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) introduced in BALB/cmice. After 24 h of intraperitoneal inoculation of DL cells in mice, ETME (300 mg kg−1 body weight) was administered intraperitoneally upto18 alternative days. On the 18th day, the mice were sacrificed; the blood and tissues (liver and brain) were collected to determine the tumor growth parameters includ...
Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis, 2020
Abstract Polyacetylenes (PA) are commonly present in nature but intense in specific taxa and are ... more Abstract Polyacetylenes (PA) are commonly present in nature but intense in specific taxa and are chemically and biologically active molecules. PA are more common in higher plants and ca. 2000 different polyacetylenes have been isolated from higher plants and fungi. PA are frequently recovered from the essential oils from plants. PA can be isolated and characterized by applying several analytical techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Raman mapping, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), one/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D/2D NMR). PA have shown numerous medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, platelet function inhibition, and serotogenic effects. PA also showed significant anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines, so they can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote cytotoxicity, and also induce twofold inhibitory action on acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme.
Biotechnological Advances, Phytochemical Analysis and Ethnomedical Implications of Sapindus species, 2019
Sapindus species belongs to the Sapindaceae family. Sapindus is medium-to-large size, deciduous t... more Sapindus species belongs to the Sapindaceae family. Sapindus is medium-to-large size, deciduous tree and few species of Sapindus exist as shrub too. This tree is an important forest tree species. Sapindus is commonly known as soapberry and soapnut because the fruits are acting as natural detergent and are used to make soap. All the species have some characteristic morphological features, but some basic features are similar in all species. Sapindus species occupies a noteworthy place of high medicinal and economical value due to being a rich source of saponins. Generally, Sapindus tree usually grows up to a height of 12–25 m, but sometimes it attains a height 18–35 m with 1.8 m girth; however, height of tree differs in various species. The bark of this plant is dark to pale yellow, fairly smooth, having many vertical lines of lenticels and fine fissures exfoliating in irregular wood scales. Leaves are compound, 30–50 cm long, alternate, paripinnate and having 5–10 pair leaflets, oppo...
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) grows widely in Southeast Asia. The pulp of the durian fruit contain... more Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) grows widely in Southeast Asia. The pulp of the durian fruit contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, various vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. This study was carried out to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of action of the methanolic extract of the fruit of Durio zibethinus (D. zibethinus) on human leukemia (HL-60) cells. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits exhibited its anticancer effect on HL-60 cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. The DNA damage was confirmed by comet and DNA fragmentation assays. The methanolic extract of D. zibethinus fruits has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in HL-60 cells during the S phase and G2/M phase. Additionally, the methanolic extract caused induction of the apoptotic pathway in the HL-60 cell line. This was confirmed by increased expression in pro-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bax protein expression, and a substantial reduction (p < 0.001) in anti-apoptotic proteins, viz., Bcl-2 and ...
The breaking silence between the plant roots and microorganisms in the rhizosphere affects plant ... more The breaking silence between the plant roots and microorganisms in the rhizosphere affects plant growth and physiology by impacting biochemical, molecular, nutritional, and edaphic factors. The components of the root exudates are associated with the microbial population, notably, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The information accessible to date demonstrates that PGPR is specific to the plant's roots. However, inadequate information is accessible for developing bio-inoculation/bio-fertilizers for the crop in concern, with satisfactory results at the field level. There is a need to explore the perfect candidate PGPR to meet the need for plant growth and yield. The functions of PGPR and their chemotaxis mobility toward the plant root are triggered by the cluster of genes induced by the components of root exudates. Some reports have indicated the benefit of root exudates in plant growth and productivity, yet a methodical examination of rhizosecretion and its consequenc...
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