Papers by Souleymane Nacro
L'objectif de cette étude conduite en 2004 était d'analyser les déterminants de la demand... more L'objectif de cette étude conduite en 2004 était d'analyser les déterminants de la demande en poisson des ménages en milieu rural (Vallée du Kou) et urbain (Bobo-Dioulasso et Ouagadougou). Pour ce faire, des enquêtes de consommation ont été conduites auprès de 535 ménages et les données recueillies ont été analysées et une régression de forme fonctionnelle double-log a été construite. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que la consommation en poisson des ménages variait considérablement selon le milieu (centre urbain ou milieu rural). La demande des ménages en poisson était influencée par la disponibilité du produit sur le marché. De plus, lorsque la fréquence d'approvisionnement en poisson augmentait, le temps de conservation du produit se réduisait. L'étude a révélé que les déterminants de la demande en poisson en milieu rural à la Vallée du Kou étaient la taille du ménage, le prix du poisson sur le marché, le niveau d'instruction et le revenu du chef de mé...
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Tuta absoluta est un micro-lepidoptere originaire d’Amerique du Sud et recense au Burkina Faso de... more Tuta absoluta est un micro-lepidoptere originaire d’Amerique du Sud et recense au Burkina Faso depuis 2016. Ses larves creusent des galeries dans les feuilles et les fruits de la tomate. Grâce a des enquetes detaillees realisees aupres de 180 producteurs, nous avons evalue l’impact de ce ravageur sur la culture de tomates. Les cultivateurs produisent la tomate sur des superficies inferieures a ½ hectare. Tous ont demontre leur connaissance de T. absoluta et peuvent en decrire les symptomes. En moyenne, les producteurs estiment que cette mineuse leur fait subir des pertes de rendement comprises entre 45 et 70%, resultant en des pertes financieres de 1 a 2 millions de Francs CFA par hectare. Pres de 80% des producteurs n’ont recourt qu’aux produits phytopharmaceutiques, dont seulement 42% sont homologues pour la tomate. Quinze substances actives sont utilisees, dont l’emamectine benzoate, l’acetamipride et la cypermethrine. La resistance des populations est telle que de nombreux produ...
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Advances in Entomology
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La cecidomyie du riz, orseolia oryzivora est un important ravageur au burkina faso. Deux hymenopt... more La cecidomyie du riz, orseolia oryzivora est un important ravageur au burkina faso. Deux hymenopteres parasitoides sont associes au diptere. Apres avoir etudie la biologie de la reproduction des trois especes d'insectes, nous avons analyse le fonctionnement sur le terrain du systeme tritrophique, plante (oriza sativa)/phytophage (orseolia oryzivora/parasitoides, platygaster diplosisae et tetrastichus pachydiplosisae. L'appareil reproducteur femelle de o. Oryzivora est caracterise par 2 volumineux ovaires et deux importantes glandes annexes qui secretent un abondant mucus recouvrant les ufs au moment de la ponte. P. Diplosisae est un endoparasitoide gregaire de la larve du diptere, et possede une fecondite tres elevee. T. Pachydiplosisae est un ectoparasitoide solitaire de la pupe du nematocere, avec une faible fecondite. Les deux especes parasitoides se partagent la meme ressource hote, grace a des adaptations eco-biologiques developpees par chacune d'elles. Ces adaptati...
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Des programmes et projets de lutte integree ont ete executes dans la plupart des pays en Afrique ... more Des programmes et projets de lutte integree ont ete executes dans la plupart des pays en Afrique subsaharienne. Cependant les succes de ces projets sont restes limites au dela de leur mise en oeuvre en raison de nombreuses contraintes. Cette situation est analysee dans la presente communication en prenant pour exemples les cas de projets executes au cours des deux dernieres decennies en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre. Il s'agit du Projet CILSS/USAID/FAO execute dans 9 pays Saheliens (1980-1987), du Projet de lutte integree en culture de sorgho au Mali et au Burkina Faso (1996-2000) et du Projet Regional BAD/CBLT dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad (2003-2005). La particularite commune de ces projets est d'avoir beneficie de financements exterieurs (USAID, Commission Europeenne, BAD). Les pays beneficiaires ont contribue a travers les infrastructures et le personnel (chercheurs, agents de vulgarisation et paysans) pour l'execution de ces projets. Les succes enregistres ont r...
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Cashew’s (Anacardium occidentale L.) production in Burkina Faso suffers from several biotic const... more Cashew’s (Anacardium occidentale L.) production in Burkina Faso suffers from several biotic constraints. The aim of this study was to inventory the diseases associated with the tree. Cashew orchards were prospected in the production belt of Burkina Faso including Hauts Bassins, Cascades, South-Western and, Center-Western regions. Four major diseases were observed including anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), Pestalotia leaf spot (Pestalotia heterocornis), bacterial leaf and nut spot (Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii), and gummosis (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). The incidence of the diseases varied according to the locations; in addition, anthracnose was the most spread disease with high incidence. Gummosis was observed in all the locations and was the second threat to cashew production in South-West and West Center regions. The bacterial disease which affects all parts of the cashew tree was mainly observed in the Hauts Bassins region. No virus was detected during this survey....
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Advances in Entomology
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Physiological Entomology
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Agricultural and Forest Entomology
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In Burkina Faso, the leaf beetle Aphthona whitfieldi is the main insect pest of the biofuel plant... more In Burkina Faso, the leaf beetle Aphthona whitfieldi is the main insect pest of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. The beetle affects plant growth and seed yield, but the impact on yield has never been properly quantified. This study was conducted on-station and on-farm in the district of Léo, southern Burkina Faso, in 2015. It aimed at evaluating the yield losses that A. whitfieldi inflicts to J. curcas. The first experiment used 25 caged trees in their first year of fruit production, on which various amounts of beetles were released. When 200 beetles were released, the defoliation level reached 55% and caused 61% of yield loss. Releases of 400 or more beetles caused a defoliation level of at least 74% and seed losses of 98%. On-farm observations were made on attack levels and seed yields in three different types of plantations, i.e. pure plantations, plantations intercropped with food crops and hedges. These observations showed that defoliation levels over 50% were common in the t...
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Physiological Entomology
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a leafmine... more The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a leafminer species currently considered as one of the major pests of fresh tomatoes around the world. The species settled in north Africa in 2007, before being observed in the entire continent. Widespread insecticide use has led to the emergence of resistant populations in South America and Europe, but no large‐scale insecticide resistance assessment has been performed in Sub‐Saharan Africa so far. In this study, we collected T. absoluta larvae from locations widely distributed in Burkina Faso, where the pest was first detected in 2016. Acute toxicity of the all available molecules in Burkina Faso was evaluated in the laboratory on F1 individuals, including acetamiprid, abamectin, spinosad, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, λ‐cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis. No LC50 differences among T. absoluta populations were highlighted, except for Bacillus thuringiensis. Insects were still highly susceptible to abamectin [LC50 < 0.4 mg/L; Control failure likelihood (CFL) = −25%], spinosad (LC50 < 0.6 mg/L; CFL = 25%) and chlorpyrifos‐ethyl (LC50 between 254 and 458 mg/L; CFL = −15%), but were less susceptible to acetamiprid (CFL ranging from 72% to 91%), cypermethrin (CFL = 80%), λ‐cyhalothrin (CFL =79%), and deltamethrin (CFL ranging from 51% to 66%), with LC50 values for these insecticides ranging between 100 and 525 mg/L. Pending a proper communication strategy, we hope this work could help producers avoiding the most inefficient active substances.
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International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
L’oignon est le premier légume produit au Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci constitue son principal ins... more L’oignon est le premier légume produit au Burkina Faso. Thrips tabaci constitue son principal insecte ravageur. Ce travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer la distribution, l’incidence et la sévérité des attaques de T. tabaci sur l’oignon. L’étude a été réalisée dans trois bassins de production représentatifs de deux zones agroécologiques du Burkina Faso : la zone sahélienne caractérisée par une pluviosité moyenne annuelle inférieure à 600 mm et une température moyenne annuelle de 35 °C ; contre une pluviosité moyenne annuelle comprise entre 600 et 900 mm et une température moyenne annuelle de 33 °C pour la zone nord soudanienne Nous avons réalisé des prospections dans 45 parcelles paysannes dans les zones de production ciblées. Des plantes d’oignon ont été prélevées dans trois quadrats posés sur une des diagonales de chaque parcelle, et les thrips trouvés sur chaque plante de chaque quadrat comptés. Tous les plants à l’intérieur du quadrat ont été donc observés. La densité moyenne ...
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International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
Platygaster diplosisae (Risbec, 1956) and Aprostocetus procerae (Risbec, 1956) are ovo-larval and... more Platygaster diplosisae (Risbec, 1956) and Aprostocetus procerae (Risbec, 1956) are ovo-larval and pupal parasitoids, respectively of Orseolia oryzivora (H & G). The reproductive biology of the two parasitoids was studied by authors, but their developmental biology was not yet explored. Mature rice galls due to O. oryzivora were collected from irrigated rice fields of Karfiguéla and Boulbi, located in Western and Central Burkina Faso respectively. They were kept in wooden cages (45.5 cm × 44.7 cm × 59.5 cm) or plastic buckets (32 cm × 29 cm) covered with a fine mesh mosquito net to prevent insects from escaping after emergence. Fourteen-day rice plants of the variety FKR 28 were infested by adults of O. oryzivora in two metal cages (1.52 m × 1.26 m 1.65 m) (10 pairs of adults for each cage). In this way, it was possible to maintain a continuous culture of O. oryzivora that allowed the mass rearing of the parasitoids. The studied biological parameters of the parasitoids included, duration of post-embryonic development, lifespan, fecundity and fertility. The results revealed that the development time of A. procerae from egg to adult was 28 ± 6.18 days and that of P. diplosisae 33 ± 6.94 days. The mean incubation time of P. diplosisae eggs was 16 ± 1.98 days and that of A. procerae was 3.2 ± 1.78 days. Each of the two parasitoids exhibited three stages of larval development. The mean durations of the three larval stages of A. procerae were 5 ± 2.78, 3 ± 1.14 and 3 ± 0.55 days, respectively. For P. diplosisae, these figures were 2.2 ± 0.54 and 3 ± 0,71 days respectively. The pupal development time of P. diplosisae was 10 ± 2.26 days while that of A. procerae was 15 ± 3.92 days. The average number of ovarian eggs of the female of P. diplosisae was 213 ± 32.34 while the average number of parasitoid eggs inside the larva of O. oryzivora was 106 ± 18.43. The average number of ovarian eggs of A. procerae was 11 ± 2.93. The lifespan of adult females of A. procerae (15 ± 3.64 days) fed with honey was longer than that of males (7 ± 4.77 days) fed under the same conditions. Male’s longevity was significantly different from that of the female depending on food and temperature. Longevity of honey-fed adult females of P. diplosisae (6 ± 3.31 days) was longer than that of honey-fed adult males (3 ± 0.55 days). The life span of unfed adult females (3 ± 0.71 days) as well as that of unfed adult males (1 ± 0.15 day) were shorter. The results obtained from the two parasitoids associated with Orseolia oryzivora could be used for the development of a biological control of Orseolia oryzivora .
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Bulletin of Entomological Research
In Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations be... more In Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations between May 2017 and April 2019. Samples of 61 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Twenty-seven hosts including cultivated and wild fruit were identified. Among cultivated fruit species, mango, and guava were the most infested while high infestation incidences were observed in the fruit of the indigenous plants Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, and Saba senegalensis. Low infestation rates were observed in Anacardium occidentale, Citrus species, Opilia celtidifolia, and Cissus populnea. The highest infestation index (1648.57 flies kg−1) was observed from V. paradoxa. Eleven new host fruit infested with many fruit fly species are reported in Burkina Faso. A total of 18 fruit fly species were reared; Bactrocera dorsalis (42.94%), Ceratitis cosyra (29.93%), and Ceratitis silvestrii (22.33%) dominated those that emerged. Four f...
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International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Feb 22, 2019
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Advances in Entomology, 2018
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Annals of the Entomological Society of America
Fruit flies are significant insect pests, worldwide. Tephritid species diversity and their season... more Fruit flies are significant insect pests, worldwide. Tephritid species diversity and their seasonal abundance were investigated over 2 yr (May 2017 to May 2019) in Western Burkina Faso. A mass trapping experiment consisting of 288 Tephri Trap types, operating with four types of parapheromones comprising methyl eugenol, terpinyl acetate, trimedlure, and cue lure and an insecticide (Dichlorvos), was used for attracting and killing insects. Plant formations including natural fallows, mango orchards, and agroforestry parks in each of the six study sites were selected for data collection. Twenty-nine tephritid species belonging to 10 genera were identified. Fourteen fruit fly species were identified for the first time in Burkina Faso. The genera Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera : Tephritidae) and Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae) with, respectively, 14 and 7 species recorded were the most represented. The dominant species caught was the invasive Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephri...
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Environment and Ecology Research
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Papers by Souleymane Nacro