Page 1. ISBN 978-1-84626-023-0 Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Chemical Engineeri... more Page 1. ISBN 978-1-84626-023-0 Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Applications (CCEA 2010) Singapore, 26-28 February, 2010 Simulation of Gasification with In-situ Carbon Dioxide Adsorption of Empty Fruit Bunch into Hydrogen ...
This project aims to investigate the potential of torrefaction to improve the properties of Malay... more This project aims to investigate the potential of torrefaction to improve the properties of Malaysian palm kernel shell (PKS) as a solid fuel. A study towards torrefaction of PKS was performed under various temperature and residence time of 240, 260, and 280oC and 30, 60, and 90 minutes respectively. The torrefied PKS was characterized in terms of the mass yield, energy yield, elemental composition analysis, calorific value analysis, moisture and volatile matter contents, and ash and fixed carbon contents. The mass and energy yield changes in the torrefied PKS were observed to prove that the temperature has more effect compare to residence time in the torrefaction process. The C content of PKS increases while H and O contents decrease after torrefaction, which resulted in higher heating value between 5 to 16%. Meanwhile, torrefaction caused the ash and fixed carbon content of PKS to increase, and the moisture and volatile matter to decrease.
International Journal of Palm oil methyl esters (POMEs) showed high induction period (IP) of 21.1... more International Journal of Palm oil methyl esters (POMEs) showed high induction period (IP) of 21.15 h whereas Jatropha oil methyl esters (JOMEs) exhibited signiicantly lower value of 4.6 h. The IP of JOMEs was improved during the blending with POMEs. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of blended biodiesel indicated the reduction in saturated fatty acids and increase in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to pure POMEs. Due to reduction in saturated fatty acids of blended biodiesel, a signiicant improvement was observed in the cold properties. Moreover, important fuel properties i.e. kinematic viscosity, water content, density and acid values of POMEs and JOMEs and their blends were determined. All the tested fuel properties were within the speciied permissible limits of biodiesel standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Abstract Rapid human population and industrial developments are leading towards the depletion of limited fossil fuel resources (gasoline, petro-diesel and natural gas) of t...
The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the ener... more The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the energy crisis and increasing environmental issues associated with fossil fuel usage. Biomass steam gasification with in situ carbon dioxide capture has good prospects for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Furthermore, hydrogen yield can be enhanced using catalyst steam gasification. This chapter comprises the literature review on both the approaches, i.e., experimental and modeling used to study the hydrogen production from biomass gasification specifically using pure steam as gasification agent. There were several modeling approaches for gasification process based on the kinetics, equilibrium, and the fluid dynamics behaviors. A detailed discussion has been carried out in this chapter on modeling and simulation for hydrogen production from biomass based on kinetics modeling. Experimental studies have been published on steam gasification and steam gasification with CO2 capture and catalyt...
In order to recover energy and recycle waste materials, an experimental study was performed on ut... more In order to recover energy and recycle waste materials, an experimental study was performed on utilization of waste materials in catalytic steam gasification system. In current research, an alternative method of hydrogen production is achieved by blending of palm kernel shell (PKS) with waste tyre as a promising energy resource. Experiments were carried out at 600-800oC with steam/feedstock ratio (S/F) of 2-4 (kg/kg) and waste tyre/PKS ratio of 0-0.3 (kg/kg). This paper reports the results obtained from series of experiments that have been performed, on a pilot plant to improve hydrogen production efficiency. The highest H2 and total syngas content of 66.15 vol% and 83.8 vol% was achieved respectively under condition of 800oC and 30 wt% of waste tyre blended with PKS and S/F ratio of 4 (kg/kg). The results obtained confirmed that mixtures of PKS and waste tyre in catalytic steam fluidized bed system produced a fuel gas with a calorific value of 14.76 MJ/Nm3 which has the potential to be utilised in engines.
6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), 2008
Increasing world energy consumption, demand and price, along with the exhaustion of existing foss... more Increasing world energy consumption, demand and price, along with the exhaustion of existing fossil fuel supply and environmental awareness by the early 1990s, new and renewable yet clean fuels such as hydrogen, are becoming popular alternatives to revamp ...
In Malaysia, due to its abundance, oil palm is a good candidate to be used as a feedstock for hyd... more In Malaysia, due to its abundance, oil palm is a good candidate to be used as a feedstock for hydrogen production. Oil palm biomass generally consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Steam gasification, coupled with CO2 removal has been shown to be one of the promising methods for hydrogen production. This work focuses on the mathematical modeling of hydrogen production from cellulose via steam gasification and steam gasification with in-situ CO2 capture using CaO. The results are compared and rationalized against published data on steam gasification of pure cellulose and good agreement is observed. The model predicts an increase in hydrogen output from 48 to 56 mol% with the addition of CaO into the system. By increasing temperature and steam/biomass ratio the cold gas efficiency decreases, however, temperature have higher impact compared to steam/biomass ratio.
The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated a... more The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated and has been compared with conventional heating. Two-step biodiesel production process is applied to maximize the highest biodiesel yield in short reaction time using microwave method. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as acid catalysts is used in pre-treatment of feedstock by esterification process followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as base catalyst for transesterification process with low methanol to oil ratio. The main purpose of the pre-treatment process is to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content of CPO from higher value of FFA content (>6.8%) to a minimum level for biodiesel production (<1%). Esterification and transesterification is carried out in fully instrumented and controlled microwave reactor system to get higher yield in shorter time. This two-step esterification and transesterification process showed that the maximum conversion of palm biodiesel obtained is 95.1% with the ...
This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil fro... more This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil from PKS. The process is carried out in the presence of HZSM-5 at temperature of 500oC, 3bar pressure and oil/catalyst ratio of 15. It is observed that the properties such as pH, density, calorific value and elemental value of products are improved. The calorific value for upgraded bio-oil is 31.65 MJ/kg while for model bio-oil the value is 30.32 MJ/kg at same operating conditions. The degree of deoxygenation of the upgraded bio-oil and upgraded model bio-oil is 43.74% and 45.56% respectively. The study showed that the model bio-oil can be used to represent the bio-oil.
This chapter highlights the potential of utilising biomass as a renewable feedstock to produce bi... more This chapter highlights the potential of utilising biomass as a renewable feedstock to produce biofuel and biochemical. Technologies for the conversion processes are discussed. In addition, case study on biomass conversion to H2 is presented. The effect of steam and newly developed bimetallic catalyst (Fe/Ni/Zeolite-β) on palm oil wastes including palm shell (PS) and palm oil fronds (POF) decomposition for H2 production was experimentally investigated in thermogravimetric analysis-gas chromatography (TGA-GC). Presence of steam increased the H2 content by 28% for both palm oil wastes. Maximum H2 content in the product gas generated was 64 mol% from PS for the catalytic steam gasification. On the other hand, for POF maximum H2 content of 50-mol% is observed in the product gas. Palm wastes can be a potential feedstock for H2 production utilising catalytic steam gasification process and can contribute to considerable renewable and clean energy for future.
Page 1. Tigabwa Yosef Ahmed Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh,... more Page 1. Tigabwa Yosef Ahmed Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh, Malaysia tigabwa@gmail.com Murni Melati Ahmad Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh, Malaysia murnim@petronas.com.my ...
The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the ener... more The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the energy crisis and increasing environmental issues associated with fossil fuel usage. Biomass steam gasification with in situ carbon dioxide capture has good prospects for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Furthermore, hydrogen yield can be enhanced using catalyst steam gasification. This chapter comprises the literature review on both the approaches, i.e., experimental and modeling used to study the hydrogen production from biomass gasification specifically using pure steam as gasification agent. There were several modeling approaches for gasification process based on the kinetics, equilibrium, and the fluid dynamics behaviors. A detailed discussion has been carried out in this chapter on modeling and simulation for hydrogen production from biomass based on kinetics modeling. Experimental studies have been published on steam gasification and steam gasification with CO2 capture and catalytic steam gasification has been discussed. Gasification for hydrogen production from oil palm empty fruit bunch has also been discussed.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010
BACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages as an efficient, inexpensive ... more BACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages as an efficient, inexpensive large‐scale liquid–liquid extraction technique for protein separation. However, the realization of ATPE as a protein separation technology at industrial scales is rather limited due to the large, multidimensional design space and the paucity of design approaches to predict phase and product behavior in an integrated fashion with overall system performance. This paper describes a framework designed to calculate suitable flowsheets for the extraction of a target protein from a complex protein feed using ATPE. The framework incorporated a routine to set up flowsheets according to target protein partitioning behavior in specific ATPE systems and a calculation of the amounts of phase‐forming components needed to extract the target protein. The thermodynamics of phase formation and partitioning were modeled using Flory‐Huggins theory and calculated using a Gibbs energy difference minimization ...
Page 1. ISBN 978-1-84626-023-0 Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Chemical Engineeri... more Page 1. ISBN 978-1-84626-023-0 Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Applications (CCEA 2010) Singapore, 26-28 February, 2010 Simulation of Gasification with In-situ Carbon Dioxide Adsorption of Empty Fruit Bunch into Hydrogen ...
This project aims to investigate the potential of torrefaction to improve the properties of Malay... more This project aims to investigate the potential of torrefaction to improve the properties of Malaysian palm kernel shell (PKS) as a solid fuel. A study towards torrefaction of PKS was performed under various temperature and residence time of 240, 260, and 280oC and 30, 60, and 90 minutes respectively. The torrefied PKS was characterized in terms of the mass yield, energy yield, elemental composition analysis, calorific value analysis, moisture and volatile matter contents, and ash and fixed carbon contents. The mass and energy yield changes in the torrefied PKS were observed to prove that the temperature has more effect compare to residence time in the torrefaction process. The C content of PKS increases while H and O contents decrease after torrefaction, which resulted in higher heating value between 5 to 16%. Meanwhile, torrefaction caused the ash and fixed carbon content of PKS to increase, and the moisture and volatile matter to decrease.
International Journal of Palm oil methyl esters (POMEs) showed high induction period (IP) of 21.1... more International Journal of Palm oil methyl esters (POMEs) showed high induction period (IP) of 21.15 h whereas Jatropha oil methyl esters (JOMEs) exhibited signiicantly lower value of 4.6 h. The IP of JOMEs was improved during the blending with POMEs. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of blended biodiesel indicated the reduction in saturated fatty acids and increase in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to pure POMEs. Due to reduction in saturated fatty acids of blended biodiesel, a signiicant improvement was observed in the cold properties. Moreover, important fuel properties i.e. kinematic viscosity, water content, density and acid values of POMEs and JOMEs and their blends were determined. All the tested fuel properties were within the speciied permissible limits of biodiesel standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Abstract Rapid human population and industrial developments are leading towards the depletion of limited fossil fuel resources (gasoline, petro-diesel and natural gas) of t...
The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the ener... more The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the energy crisis and increasing environmental issues associated with fossil fuel usage. Biomass steam gasification with in situ carbon dioxide capture has good prospects for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Furthermore, hydrogen yield can be enhanced using catalyst steam gasification. This chapter comprises the literature review on both the approaches, i.e., experimental and modeling used to study the hydrogen production from biomass gasification specifically using pure steam as gasification agent. There were several modeling approaches for gasification process based on the kinetics, equilibrium, and the fluid dynamics behaviors. A detailed discussion has been carried out in this chapter on modeling and simulation for hydrogen production from biomass based on kinetics modeling. Experimental studies have been published on steam gasification and steam gasification with CO2 capture and catalyt...
In order to recover energy and recycle waste materials, an experimental study was performed on ut... more In order to recover energy and recycle waste materials, an experimental study was performed on utilization of waste materials in catalytic steam gasification system. In current research, an alternative method of hydrogen production is achieved by blending of palm kernel shell (PKS) with waste tyre as a promising energy resource. Experiments were carried out at 600-800oC with steam/feedstock ratio (S/F) of 2-4 (kg/kg) and waste tyre/PKS ratio of 0-0.3 (kg/kg). This paper reports the results obtained from series of experiments that have been performed, on a pilot plant to improve hydrogen production efficiency. The highest H2 and total syngas content of 66.15 vol% and 83.8 vol% was achieved respectively under condition of 800oC and 30 wt% of waste tyre blended with PKS and S/F ratio of 4 (kg/kg). The results obtained confirmed that mixtures of PKS and waste tyre in catalytic steam fluidized bed system produced a fuel gas with a calorific value of 14.76 MJ/Nm3 which has the potential to be utilised in engines.
6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), 2008
Increasing world energy consumption, demand and price, along with the exhaustion of existing foss... more Increasing world energy consumption, demand and price, along with the exhaustion of existing fossil fuel supply and environmental awareness by the early 1990s, new and renewable yet clean fuels such as hydrogen, are becoming popular alternatives to revamp ...
In Malaysia, due to its abundance, oil palm is a good candidate to be used as a feedstock for hyd... more In Malaysia, due to its abundance, oil palm is a good candidate to be used as a feedstock for hydrogen production. Oil palm biomass generally consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Steam gasification, coupled with CO2 removal has been shown to be one of the promising methods for hydrogen production. This work focuses on the mathematical modeling of hydrogen production from cellulose via steam gasification and steam gasification with in-situ CO2 capture using CaO. The results are compared and rationalized against published data on steam gasification of pure cellulose and good agreement is observed. The model predicts an increase in hydrogen output from 48 to 56 mol% with the addition of CaO into the system. By increasing temperature and steam/biomass ratio the cold gas efficiency decreases, however, temperature have higher impact compared to steam/biomass ratio.
The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated a... more The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated and has been compared with conventional heating. Two-step biodiesel production process is applied to maximize the highest biodiesel yield in short reaction time using microwave method. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as acid catalysts is used in pre-treatment of feedstock by esterification process followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as base catalyst for transesterification process with low methanol to oil ratio. The main purpose of the pre-treatment process is to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content of CPO from higher value of FFA content (>6.8%) to a minimum level for biodiesel production (<1%). Esterification and transesterification is carried out in fully instrumented and controlled microwave reactor system to get higher yield in shorter time. This two-step esterification and transesterification process showed that the maximum conversion of palm biodiesel obtained is 95.1% with the ...
This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil fro... more This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil from PKS. The process is carried out in the presence of HZSM-5 at temperature of 500oC, 3bar pressure and oil/catalyst ratio of 15. It is observed that the properties such as pH, density, calorific value and elemental value of products are improved. The calorific value for upgraded bio-oil is 31.65 MJ/kg while for model bio-oil the value is 30.32 MJ/kg at same operating conditions. The degree of deoxygenation of the upgraded bio-oil and upgraded model bio-oil is 43.74% and 45.56% respectively. The study showed that the model bio-oil can be used to represent the bio-oil.
This chapter highlights the potential of utilising biomass as a renewable feedstock to produce bi... more This chapter highlights the potential of utilising biomass as a renewable feedstock to produce biofuel and biochemical. Technologies for the conversion processes are discussed. In addition, case study on biomass conversion to H2 is presented. The effect of steam and newly developed bimetallic catalyst (Fe/Ni/Zeolite-β) on palm oil wastes including palm shell (PS) and palm oil fronds (POF) decomposition for H2 production was experimentally investigated in thermogravimetric analysis-gas chromatography (TGA-GC). Presence of steam increased the H2 content by 28% for both palm oil wastes. Maximum H2 content in the product gas generated was 64 mol% from PS for the catalytic steam gasification. On the other hand, for POF maximum H2 content of 50-mol% is observed in the product gas. Palm wastes can be a potential feedstock for H2 production utilising catalytic steam gasification process and can contribute to considerable renewable and clean energy for future.
Page 1. Tigabwa Yosef Ahmed Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh,... more Page 1. Tigabwa Yosef Ahmed Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh, Malaysia tigabwa@gmail.com Murni Melati Ahmad Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh, Malaysia murnim@petronas.com.my ...
The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the ener... more The production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel is becoming attractive due to the energy crisis and increasing environmental issues associated with fossil fuel usage. Biomass steam gasification with in situ carbon dioxide capture has good prospects for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Furthermore, hydrogen yield can be enhanced using catalyst steam gasification. This chapter comprises the literature review on both the approaches, i.e., experimental and modeling used to study the hydrogen production from biomass gasification specifically using pure steam as gasification agent. There were several modeling approaches for gasification process based on the kinetics, equilibrium, and the fluid dynamics behaviors. A detailed discussion has been carried out in this chapter on modeling and simulation for hydrogen production from biomass based on kinetics modeling. Experimental studies have been published on steam gasification and steam gasification with CO2 capture and catalytic steam gasification has been discussed. Gasification for hydrogen production from oil palm empty fruit bunch has also been discussed.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2010
BACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages as an efficient, inexpensive ... more BACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) has many advantages as an efficient, inexpensive large‐scale liquid–liquid extraction technique for protein separation. However, the realization of ATPE as a protein separation technology at industrial scales is rather limited due to the large, multidimensional design space and the paucity of design approaches to predict phase and product behavior in an integrated fashion with overall system performance. This paper describes a framework designed to calculate suitable flowsheets for the extraction of a target protein from a complex protein feed using ATPE. The framework incorporated a routine to set up flowsheets according to target protein partitioning behavior in specific ATPE systems and a calculation of the amounts of phase‐forming components needed to extract the target protein. The thermodynamics of phase formation and partitioning were modeled using Flory‐Huggins theory and calculated using a Gibbs energy difference minimization ...
Uploads
Papers by Murni Ahmad