Yeast cultures are being exploited as a substitute of antibiotics in animal feeding to promote gu... more Yeast cultures are being exploited as a substitute of antibiotics in animal feeding to promote gut health and performance. This experiment assessed the effect of supplementation of the live yeast cultures on live weight change, rumen fermentation, ciliate protozoa population, microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb during post weaning phase of growth. Sixty weaner lambs were fed ad libitum a composite feed mixture (CFM) for 91 days in five equal groups. The CFM had roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratio of 25:75. In addition to CFM control lambs were supplemented sterilized culture while other lamb groups received either Kluyveromyces marximanus (NRRL3234; KM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCDC42; SC), Saccharomyces uvarum (ATCC9080; SU) or mixed (all tree cultures in 1:1:1 ratio) culture. The yeast cultures contained 1.5–2.0 × 10 9 cells per ml, which were fed at 1 ml per kg live weight to each lamb of treatment groups. Dry matter intake was similar among control and yeast culture supplemented lambs ranging from 68.4 to 81.2 g/kg W 0.75. However, daily gain was higher (p = 0.002) in SC and mixed yeast culture supplemented lambs. Half carcass weight ranged from 14.2 to 15.1 kg and dressing 52.2 to 53.5% were similar among five lamb groups. Similarly, other carcass traits did not change by yeast supplementation. The SU and mixed culture supplementation declined rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration. Individual yeast cultures increased but mixed yeast culture reduced total ciliates protozoa. Individual cultures increased Entodinomorphs while mixed culture reduced its number in rumen ecosystem. The SU culture increased (p = 0.023) Diplodinomorphs population. Proteases activity was 499, 407, 284 and 144 units higher respectively, in mixed, SC, SU and KM culture supplemented lambs. Cellular activity of α-amylase enzyme was lower in SC, KM and mixed yeast culture lambs. Extra cellular activity of β-glucosidase enzyme was similar (p = 0.581), whereas cellular (p = 0.007) and total activity was higher (p = 0.029) in SU culture lambs. The extra cellular and total activity of xylanase was not different but cellular activity was higher (p = 0.042) in KM lambs. The carboxymethyle cellulase activity was similar among the five animal groups. The SC, SU and mixed culture supplementation improved feed intake (p = 0.722) by 8.0, 13.3 and 18.8% and daily gain (p = 0.002) by 26.6, 11.7 and 18.8% respectively in lambs. The SC culture feeding promoted feed intake and growth by 8 and 26.6% respectively showing the suitability of growth promoting microbial feed additive. The SC culture supplementation in rumen ecosystem also facilitated microbial growth and improved activity of short chain polysaccharides degrading microorganism. Therefore, SC culture can be used as a growth promoting feed additives in meat animal production.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Increased demand of goat milk and milk products was due to potential human health benefits. The s... more Increased demand of goat milk and milk products was due to potential human health benefits. The small size of fat globules, higher digestibility and less allergic were the reasons of preferred goat milk feeding in infants over cow milk. Grazing has been the preferred system of goat production, which increases polyunsaturated and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents of the goat milk. Browsing of polyphenolic rich plant in goats has increased antioxidant activity and contents of favanoids, gallic acids and diterpens in goat milk. Goat milk fat has a ratio of 5:1 between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which is closer to the ratio recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in human. Goat milk has the property of minimum changes in fat (fatty acids profile and CLA isomers), protein and other micronutrient on processing with higher-pressure treatments. The potential therapeutic benefits of goat milk and milk products consumptions such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral properties and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases have increased growth of goat milk in human intake. Description Goat production has constituted an important share of the national economy in Indian-sub-continent and in many Mediterranean, the Middle East and European. The world population of goats increased to a double since 1991, while the numbers of sheep decreased by 7%, and population of cattle grew by 9%. The growth in the consumption of goat milk and milk products is due to their beneficial effects on human health. Goat milk is an excellent source of food and has an acceptable, attractive odour and taste, and consumed as an alternate of cow milk because it is less allergenic with higher digestibility. New methods have developed for increased milk production and cheese quality. The introduction of plant by-products with secondary metabolites in the diet of the goats developed new pleasant sensors for the quality control of new value added products, which have increased preferences of goat milk consumption [1]. The small size of fat globules and higher digestibility of goat milk has been the health benefits in infants, and goat milk has been the preferred food source over the cow milk and has been better than the mother's milk [2]. Goat milk quality was established by its potential to tolerate different technological treatments on order to obtain a product with the level of health benefits, sensory attributes, safety and nutritive value. The content of protein and fat, somatic cell counts, bacteriology, immunoglobulins, inhibitors, freezing point and lipolysis have been other quality attributes of milk. Goat milk quality can be linked with to the major physico-chemical component of fat, protein and lactose, and to the micro compounds minerals, vitamins, cholesterols and terpens. Protein and fat contents have been important technological attributes of goat milk quality. The k-casein polymorphism have the interactions with the changes of αs1-casein, and animals with variants in αs1-casein produced higher protein and fat contents. The high casein content is related with higher buffering properties of goat milk. The control of pathogens determines the quality of goat milk and the somatic cell counts gave an indirect indication of the presence of pathogens in milk and established the maximum somatic cell numbers related with the presence of manor pathogens in milk. Increase of somatic cell counts in goat milk may cause biochemical modifications and losses of daily milk production by 15-20 per cent per goat per day. Recent developments in goat milk production were focused the control of contaminants, new supplements, sensory enhancement in milk and milk products [3], and increase in functionality of milk and milk products [4], all have common aims of improved milk productivity and quality of milk and milk products for increased their consumptions. Dietary modification have been employed in goat feeding in promoting the productivity and quality of milk. Feeding of goats with polyphenolic rich plant has seen to improve the quality of milk through increased antioxidant activity with potential therapeutic benefits of anti-carcinogenic and anti-viral properties. Inclusion of leaves of aromatic plant in feeding have increased favanoids, gallic acids, diterpens and polyunsaturated fatty acids content of goat milk [5]. Administration of source of thyme and other poly phenols in goat diets have increased milk production, dry matter and lactose content. Several plant products and fat sources have modified the fatty acid profile of goat milk with higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids due to their antioxidant properties by the phenolic constituents and the presence of high levels of linoleic acid in oil contents. Milk and dairy products are source of lipid intake in human diet, decrease in unsaturated fatty acids and increase in omega-3-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have recommended due to their potential preventive role in cardiovascular disease and anti-carcinogenic properties [2]. Goat milk fat has a ratio of 5:1 between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, whereas a ratio less than 4:1 or equal have recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in human. The modifications of milk fatty acid profile for improving nutritional quality of goat milk, numerous alterations of the basal diet were explored. The different lipid substrates were introduced in goat diets as the most appropriate procedure for modifying the milk fatty acid profile. Inclusion of less Advances in Dairy Research Tripathi, J Adv Dairy Res 2015, 3:1
The objective of this paper was to determine the opportunities of improving milk productivity and... more The objective of this paper was to determine the opportunities of improving milk productivity and altering the milk composition through nutritional interventions. The increase in the nutraceutical value of milk is expected through dietary modifications of the animal. Feeding high concentrate diets combined with dietary fat can be used to modify the FA profile of milk, without negative effect on milk yield and milk fat or protein contents. Their effects may be complementary, at least for trans fatty acids. The profile of trans isomers relative to total trans-C18:1 seems dependent on the source of dietary fat. Feeding oilseeds and/ or novel fat supplements to ruminants can be used to modify the lipid metabolism in the mammary gland in modulating the secretion of fat and the profile of milk fatty acids. Feeding novel fatty acid sources the nutritive value of milk can be enhanced by decreased atherogenic saturated FA in milk and increased t 11-C 18 : 1 (trans vaccenic acid), and c 9 ,t 11-C 18:2 (geometric and positional isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk, which are considered as positive for human health. Feeding bypass/ rumen protected sources of fatty acids and amino acids may help in meeting the need of higher milk production, and in modulating milk composition through increase availability of fatty acids and amino acids in circulation with synchronized extraction of desired nutrient by mammary gland for milk constituents synthesis. Milk may be used as delivery system of anticarcenogens (CLA and polyphenols) for human health. Therefore, nutritional manipulations have several opportunities in improving milk production, modifications of milk composition and fatty acid profile. The improved milk productivity is desired in line with increased human population with minimum environment degradation thereby nutritional manipulations are directed to enhance milk production without increasing dairy animal populations with reduced greenhouse gasses emissions from ruminant agriculture.
The effect of incorporation of Brassica juncea oil meal (BJM) was evaluated on intake, nutrient u... more The effect of incorporation of Brassica juncea oil meal (BJM) was evaluated on intake, nutrient utilization, performance, rumen fermentation, microbial hydrolytic enzymes and hemato-biochemical attributes of Jamunapari goats in a 60 days feeding experiment. Eighty lactating goats during the 2nd week of lactation were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and were allocated to one of the four concentrate pellets. Animals of control group (BJM-0) received concentrate pellets with expeller extracted linseed oil meal (LSM; 300 g/kg). The LSM was replaced (w/w) by BJM at 75, 150 and 225 g/kg in other three concentrate pellets , these pellets were fed to goats of BJM-75, BJM-150 and BJM-225 groups. Each goat received 720 g dry matter (DM) of respective concentrate pellets in two equal meals at the morning and evening milking, along with 6–8 h daily grazing. The BJM contained total glu-cosinolate (GLS) 72.58 mol/g DM, which contributed GLS 5.44, 10.89 and 16.33 mol/g DM respectively in concentrate pellets with BJM 75, 150 and 225 g/kg. The BJM feeding did not change intake and digestibility of DM and other nutrients. Rumen fluid pH, NH 3-N, total volatile fatty acids and extracellular microbial hydrolytic enzymes (protease,-amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase) were similar among four goat groups. Similarly, nitrogen (g/kg DM) and ME (MJ/kg DM) contents of ingested diets were respectively from 24.1 to 24.6 g and 11.33 to 11.48 MJ, whereas intakes of N (g/kg W 0.75) and ME (N (MJ/kg W 0.75) were varied from 1.96 to 2.06 g and 0.92 to 0.96 MJ respectively, which were similar among four goats groups. Goats of BJM-0 group lost LW whereas goats fed concentrates with BJM gained LW and had increased (p < 0.001) milk yield. The goats of BJM-225 group had a 15% increased milk yield. BJM feeding also increased (p = 0.031) milk thiocyanate content. The BJM feeding did not change the levels of serum protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Decreased level of blood urea nitrogen in goats fed concentrates with BJM indicated higher N utilization efficiency of BJM. However, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and red blood cells (RBC) decreased (P < 0.05) by BJM inclusion levels. Therefore, BJM with 301 72.58 mol GLS/g DM could be incorporated in the concentrates up to 225 g/kg. Lactating goats in present experiment tolerated a daily intake of GLS 11.76 mmole, which amounted 9.45-mol GLS/g diet DM. However, goats fed concentrates with BJM reduced blood Hb, RBC and hematocrit, and these observations needed further investigation.
2012. Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on intake, growth, nutrient utilization, serum cholest... more 2012. Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on intake, growth, nutrient utilization, serum cholesterol, immunological status, organ weight and slaughtering performance of growing lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 12: 165-178. This experiment studied feeding value of conventional and Bt cottonseed meal as replacement of groundnut oil meal for the feeding of lamb (90±5 day of age; 15.5±0.89 kg). Diet fed to control lambs contained meal of groundnut oil cake as source of CP while other two groups received diet containing either conventional cottonseed meal (CSM) or Bt-cottonseed meal (Bt-CSM) at 18% level. Total and average daily BW gain, feed intake and its conversion efficiency were similar among groups. However, Bt-CSM diet fed lambs had ADG (111g/ day) and feed efficiency (8.0 kg feed/ kg gain) than CSM lambs (89 g and 9.1, respectively). DM intake ranged from 706 to 861 g, which was similar among groups, but Bt-CSM diet fed lambs had higher DMI by 8.6 per cent. Intake and digestibility of OM, CP and NDF were similar, whereas CSM diet fed lambs had higher digestibility of ADF (P=0.022), and cellulose (P=0.002). N intake, excretion and balance were similar among groups. Excretion of allantoin in urine was higher in Bt-CSM diet fed lambs. Urinary PD excretion and MCP synthesis was higher by 23.3 and 37%, respectively, in Bt-CSM diet fed lamb compared to CSM lambs. Total cholesterol was higher in Bt-CSM diet fed lambs. Serum IgG level, carcass characteristics and organ weights were not different. Feeding of Bt-CSM improved average daily gain by 24%, feed efficiency by 13.8% and microbial crude protein synthesis by 37% to that of conventional CSM, while digestibility, nitrogen utilization, immune status, slaughtering performance and organs weight did not change. Therefore, genetically modified cottonseed can be used in lamb feeding in replacement of conventional cottonseed or groundnut oil meal as protein supplement up to 18% for mutton production.
Yeast cultures are being exploited as a substitute of antibiotics in animal feeding to promote gu... more Yeast cultures are being exploited as a substitute of antibiotics in animal feeding to promote gut health and performance. This experiment assessed the effect of supplementation of the live yeast cultures on live weight change, rumen fermentation, ciliate protozoa population, microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb during post weaning phase of growth. Sixty weaner lambs were fed ad libitum a composite feed mixture (CFM) for 91 days in five equal groups. The CFM had roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratio of 25:75. In addition to CFM control lambs were supplemented sterilized culture while other lamb groups received either Kluyveromyces marximanus (NRRL3234; KM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCDC42; SC), Saccharomyces uvarum (ATCC9080; SU) or mixed (all tree cultures in 1:1:1 ratio) culture. The yeast cultures contained 1.5–2.0 × 10 9 cells per ml, which were fed at 1 ml per kg live weight to each lamb of treatment groups. Dry matter intake was similar among control and yeast culture supplemented lambs ranging from 68.4 to 81.2 g/kg W 0.75. However, daily gain was higher (p = 0.002) in SC and mixed yeast culture supplemented lambs. Half carcass weight ranged from 14.2 to 15.1 kg and dressing 52.2 to 53.5% were similar among five lamb groups. Similarly, other carcass traits did not change by yeast supplementation. The SU and mixed culture supplementation declined rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration. Individual yeast cultures increased but mixed yeast culture reduced total ciliates protozoa. Individual cultures increased Entodinomorphs while mixed culture reduced its number in rumen ecosystem. The SU culture increased (p = 0.023) Diplodinomorphs population. Proteases activity was 499, 407, 284 and 144 units higher respectively, in mixed, SC, SU and KM culture supplemented lambs. Cellular activity of α-amylase enzyme was lower in SC, KM and mixed yeast culture lambs. Extra cellular activity of β-glucosidase enzyme was similar (p = 0.581), whereas cellular (p = 0.007) and total activity was higher (p = 0.029) in SU culture lambs. The extra cellular and total activity of xylanase was not different but cellular activity was higher (p = 0.042) in KM lambs. The carboxymethyle cellulase activity was similar among the five animal groups. The SC, SU and mixed culture supplementation improved feed intake (p = 0.722) by 8.0, 13.3 and 18.8% and daily gain (p = 0.002) by 26.6, 11.7 and 18.8% respectively in lambs. The SC culture feeding promoted feed intake and growth by 8 and 26.6% respectively showing the suitability of growth promoting microbial feed additive. The SC culture supplementation in rumen ecosystem also facilitated microbial growth and improved activity of short chain polysaccharides degrading microorganism. Therefore, SC culture can be used as a growth promoting feed additives in meat animal production.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Increased demand of goat milk and milk products was due to potential human health benefits. The s... more Increased demand of goat milk and milk products was due to potential human health benefits. The small size of fat globules, higher digestibility and less allergic were the reasons of preferred goat milk feeding in infants over cow milk. Grazing has been the preferred system of goat production, which increases polyunsaturated and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents of the goat milk. Browsing of polyphenolic rich plant in goats has increased antioxidant activity and contents of favanoids, gallic acids and diterpens in goat milk. Goat milk fat has a ratio of 5:1 between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which is closer to the ratio recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in human. Goat milk has the property of minimum changes in fat (fatty acids profile and CLA isomers), protein and other micronutrient on processing with higher-pressure treatments. The potential therapeutic benefits of goat milk and milk products consumptions such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral properties and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases have increased growth of goat milk in human intake. Description Goat production has constituted an important share of the national economy in Indian-sub-continent and in many Mediterranean, the Middle East and European. The world population of goats increased to a double since 1991, while the numbers of sheep decreased by 7%, and population of cattle grew by 9%. The growth in the consumption of goat milk and milk products is due to their beneficial effects on human health. Goat milk is an excellent source of food and has an acceptable, attractive odour and taste, and consumed as an alternate of cow milk because it is less allergenic with higher digestibility. New methods have developed for increased milk production and cheese quality. The introduction of plant by-products with secondary metabolites in the diet of the goats developed new pleasant sensors for the quality control of new value added products, which have increased preferences of goat milk consumption [1]. The small size of fat globules and higher digestibility of goat milk has been the health benefits in infants, and goat milk has been the preferred food source over the cow milk and has been better than the mother's milk [2]. Goat milk quality was established by its potential to tolerate different technological treatments on order to obtain a product with the level of health benefits, sensory attributes, safety and nutritive value. The content of protein and fat, somatic cell counts, bacteriology, immunoglobulins, inhibitors, freezing point and lipolysis have been other quality attributes of milk. Goat milk quality can be linked with to the major physico-chemical component of fat, protein and lactose, and to the micro compounds minerals, vitamins, cholesterols and terpens. Protein and fat contents have been important technological attributes of goat milk quality. The k-casein polymorphism have the interactions with the changes of αs1-casein, and animals with variants in αs1-casein produced higher protein and fat contents. The high casein content is related with higher buffering properties of goat milk. The control of pathogens determines the quality of goat milk and the somatic cell counts gave an indirect indication of the presence of pathogens in milk and established the maximum somatic cell numbers related with the presence of manor pathogens in milk. Increase of somatic cell counts in goat milk may cause biochemical modifications and losses of daily milk production by 15-20 per cent per goat per day. Recent developments in goat milk production were focused the control of contaminants, new supplements, sensory enhancement in milk and milk products [3], and increase in functionality of milk and milk products [4], all have common aims of improved milk productivity and quality of milk and milk products for increased their consumptions. Dietary modification have been employed in goat feeding in promoting the productivity and quality of milk. Feeding of goats with polyphenolic rich plant has seen to improve the quality of milk through increased antioxidant activity with potential therapeutic benefits of anti-carcinogenic and anti-viral properties. Inclusion of leaves of aromatic plant in feeding have increased favanoids, gallic acids, diterpens and polyunsaturated fatty acids content of goat milk [5]. Administration of source of thyme and other poly phenols in goat diets have increased milk production, dry matter and lactose content. Several plant products and fat sources have modified the fatty acid profile of goat milk with higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids due to their antioxidant properties by the phenolic constituents and the presence of high levels of linoleic acid in oil contents. Milk and dairy products are source of lipid intake in human diet, decrease in unsaturated fatty acids and increase in omega-3-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have recommended due to their potential preventive role in cardiovascular disease and anti-carcinogenic properties [2]. Goat milk fat has a ratio of 5:1 between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, whereas a ratio less than 4:1 or equal have recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in human. The modifications of milk fatty acid profile for improving nutritional quality of goat milk, numerous alterations of the basal diet were explored. The different lipid substrates were introduced in goat diets as the most appropriate procedure for modifying the milk fatty acid profile. Inclusion of less Advances in Dairy Research Tripathi, J Adv Dairy Res 2015, 3:1
The objective of this paper was to determine the opportunities of improving milk productivity and... more The objective of this paper was to determine the opportunities of improving milk productivity and altering the milk composition through nutritional interventions. The increase in the nutraceutical value of milk is expected through dietary modifications of the animal. Feeding high concentrate diets combined with dietary fat can be used to modify the FA profile of milk, without negative effect on milk yield and milk fat or protein contents. Their effects may be complementary, at least for trans fatty acids. The profile of trans isomers relative to total trans-C18:1 seems dependent on the source of dietary fat. Feeding oilseeds and/ or novel fat supplements to ruminants can be used to modify the lipid metabolism in the mammary gland in modulating the secretion of fat and the profile of milk fatty acids. Feeding novel fatty acid sources the nutritive value of milk can be enhanced by decreased atherogenic saturated FA in milk and increased t 11-C 18 : 1 (trans vaccenic acid), and c 9 ,t 11-C 18:2 (geometric and positional isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk, which are considered as positive for human health. Feeding bypass/ rumen protected sources of fatty acids and amino acids may help in meeting the need of higher milk production, and in modulating milk composition through increase availability of fatty acids and amino acids in circulation with synchronized extraction of desired nutrient by mammary gland for milk constituents synthesis. Milk may be used as delivery system of anticarcenogens (CLA and polyphenols) for human health. Therefore, nutritional manipulations have several opportunities in improving milk production, modifications of milk composition and fatty acid profile. The improved milk productivity is desired in line with increased human population with minimum environment degradation thereby nutritional manipulations are directed to enhance milk production without increasing dairy animal populations with reduced greenhouse gasses emissions from ruminant agriculture.
The effect of incorporation of Brassica juncea oil meal (BJM) was evaluated on intake, nutrient u... more The effect of incorporation of Brassica juncea oil meal (BJM) was evaluated on intake, nutrient utilization, performance, rumen fermentation, microbial hydrolytic enzymes and hemato-biochemical attributes of Jamunapari goats in a 60 days feeding experiment. Eighty lactating goats during the 2nd week of lactation were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and were allocated to one of the four concentrate pellets. Animals of control group (BJM-0) received concentrate pellets with expeller extracted linseed oil meal (LSM; 300 g/kg). The LSM was replaced (w/w) by BJM at 75, 150 and 225 g/kg in other three concentrate pellets , these pellets were fed to goats of BJM-75, BJM-150 and BJM-225 groups. Each goat received 720 g dry matter (DM) of respective concentrate pellets in two equal meals at the morning and evening milking, along with 6–8 h daily grazing. The BJM contained total glu-cosinolate (GLS) 72.58 mol/g DM, which contributed GLS 5.44, 10.89 and 16.33 mol/g DM respectively in concentrate pellets with BJM 75, 150 and 225 g/kg. The BJM feeding did not change intake and digestibility of DM and other nutrients. Rumen fluid pH, NH 3-N, total volatile fatty acids and extracellular microbial hydrolytic enzymes (protease,-amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase) were similar among four goat groups. Similarly, nitrogen (g/kg DM) and ME (MJ/kg DM) contents of ingested diets were respectively from 24.1 to 24.6 g and 11.33 to 11.48 MJ, whereas intakes of N (g/kg W 0.75) and ME (N (MJ/kg W 0.75) were varied from 1.96 to 2.06 g and 0.92 to 0.96 MJ respectively, which were similar among four goats groups. Goats of BJM-0 group lost LW whereas goats fed concentrates with BJM gained LW and had increased (p < 0.001) milk yield. The goats of BJM-225 group had a 15% increased milk yield. BJM feeding also increased (p = 0.031) milk thiocyanate content. The BJM feeding did not change the levels of serum protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Decreased level of blood urea nitrogen in goats fed concentrates with BJM indicated higher N utilization efficiency of BJM. However, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and red blood cells (RBC) decreased (P < 0.05) by BJM inclusion levels. Therefore, BJM with 301 72.58 mol GLS/g DM could be incorporated in the concentrates up to 225 g/kg. Lactating goats in present experiment tolerated a daily intake of GLS 11.76 mmole, which amounted 9.45-mol GLS/g diet DM. However, goats fed concentrates with BJM reduced blood Hb, RBC and hematocrit, and these observations needed further investigation.
2012. Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on intake, growth, nutrient utilization, serum cholest... more 2012. Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on intake, growth, nutrient utilization, serum cholesterol, immunological status, organ weight and slaughtering performance of growing lambs. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 12: 165-178. This experiment studied feeding value of conventional and Bt cottonseed meal as replacement of groundnut oil meal for the feeding of lamb (90±5 day of age; 15.5±0.89 kg). Diet fed to control lambs contained meal of groundnut oil cake as source of CP while other two groups received diet containing either conventional cottonseed meal (CSM) or Bt-cottonseed meal (Bt-CSM) at 18% level. Total and average daily BW gain, feed intake and its conversion efficiency were similar among groups. However, Bt-CSM diet fed lambs had ADG (111g/ day) and feed efficiency (8.0 kg feed/ kg gain) than CSM lambs (89 g and 9.1, respectively). DM intake ranged from 706 to 861 g, which was similar among groups, but Bt-CSM diet fed lambs had higher DMI by 8.6 per cent. Intake and digestibility of OM, CP and NDF were similar, whereas CSM diet fed lambs had higher digestibility of ADF (P=0.022), and cellulose (P=0.002). N intake, excretion and balance were similar among groups. Excretion of allantoin in urine was higher in Bt-CSM diet fed lambs. Urinary PD excretion and MCP synthesis was higher by 23.3 and 37%, respectively, in Bt-CSM diet fed lamb compared to CSM lambs. Total cholesterol was higher in Bt-CSM diet fed lambs. Serum IgG level, carcass characteristics and organ weights were not different. Feeding of Bt-CSM improved average daily gain by 24%, feed efficiency by 13.8% and microbial crude protein synthesis by 37% to that of conventional CSM, while digestibility, nitrogen utilization, immune status, slaughtering performance and organs weight did not change. Therefore, genetically modified cottonseed can be used in lamb feeding in replacement of conventional cottonseed or groundnut oil meal as protein supplement up to 18% for mutton production.
Uploads
Papers by Manoj Tripathi