In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They e... more In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today. His holistic approach to medicine is becoming more and more relevant in the modern medicine. The application of the Hippocratic Oath today depends on the legislation of individual states, related to how legal solutions in some states are pro or contra to it. Authors opened and discussed his attitudes that mental illnesses are a sign of a diseased brain, his consideration the food as medicine and that the disease came from the intestines. Also issue of prognosis of the disease was opened and discussed as well as and Hippocrates's consideration of work and physical activity as the most appropriate medicine. Furthermore, authors considered importance of Hippocratic medicine related to Creative psychopharmacotherapy based on therapeutic communication and the creative satisfaction of needs in the therapeutic relationship with patients and in the recovery itself. Finally, an example of creatively use of the principle of Hippocratic medicine: "work as the most appropriate medicine" in therapeutic communication with patients through an ecological approach called "Ecopsychiatry", under the slogan presented in the media to the general public: "Cleansing nature improves your mental health" was described.
The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expandi... more The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expanding daily in working with clients suffering from mental illness. Mentalization enables the incorporation of several different theoretical models and therapeutic techniques into a single whole, which encourages a holistic and integrative approach to treating patients. This theoretical model looks at different spheres of mental states, both the client seeking medical help and the doctor himself in the therapeutic process. Consequently, providing an adequate basis for the creation of a therapeutic/working alliance, which is imposed in the age of modern psychiatry, as a "condition without which it is impossible" to achieve the desired therapeutic response. Therefore, it is necessary to creatively implement treatments while creating a "therapeutic/working alliance" between the patient and the doctor in order to improve the therapeutic response and change the patient's perception.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no sc... more Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain as well as the role of psyche in etiology of somatic diseases. He also describes certain psychiatric diseases along with the explanation of their etiology and recommended therapy. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions.
BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industria... more BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance. Cannabis can be used by smoking, evaporation, as a food ingredient, or as an extract. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be detrimental to several aspects of psychological and physical health and many experimental studies done on healthy people indicate the potential of Δ9- tetra hydro cannabinoid (THC) in inducing transient, dose-dependent psychotic symptoms, but also affective, behavioral, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychophysical symptoms. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug globally. In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalize its use. The wave of laws and initiatives to liberalize cannabis use continues to spread across the United States and the rest of the world, and there seems to be a political debate in the background about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use. Aim is to present the possible consequences that the legalization of cannabis would have from the aspect of mental health and mental disorders. METHODS Authors reviewed the literature using PubMed resources on the effects of cannabis using the keywords: cannabis use, cannabis use and psychoticism, cannabis use and depression, cannabis use and anxiety, cannabis use and cognition, cannabis use and insomnia, legalization of cannabis. RESULTS Authors examined the effects of cannabis use on psychiatric disorders and the review of the legal status of cannabis use in the world was also made. The possible consequences of cannabis legalization on the public health system were also considered, based on experiences from countries where legalization has already been done. The evidence cited in this article suggests that strong claims about the need to legalize cannabis are still questionable, and may, even in the long run, remain mixed, inconclusive, or even contradictory. Political interference in this issue can trigger a wide range of unintended but profound and lasting consequences for the health system and the health of the individual. CONCLUSION We recommend further research on this topic and data collection with an emphasis on the effects and consequences of cannabis use on mental health, and in particular the benefits and harmful effects of medical cannabis use.
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol... more INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study on the systematic cause of 1,863 patients with AUD recorded in the TK health system. RESULTS Among 1004 (53.9%) patients with AUD, somatic diseases were present; in men: arterial hypertension 573 (31.7%), alcoholic liver disease 269 (14.9%), diabetes mellitus 211 (11.7%); and in women: arterial hypertension 27 (49.1%), diabetes mellitus 27 (49.1%), elevated lipoproteins 3 (5.5%); alcoholic liver disease 1 (1.8%) and anemia 1 (1.8%). Among 1196 (64,2%) patients with AUD, neuro...
Background The centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction established, as a part of the Tu... more Background The centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction established, as a part of the Tuzla University Clinical Centre's Department of Psychiatry, is a result of several years of cooperation between the Tuzla department of psychiatry and the centre for addiction of the University Hospital in Orebro, Sweden. By working together, the scientists have developed the Tuzla model for opiate addiction in 2009, a first ever project of such kind in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Objectives To describe principles of organization and results of six years working period with buprenorphine+naloxone program. Method Authors described principles of organization and results of six years working period of the centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction in Tuzla. Results Once a patient is admitted to the center, a family member or a close friend signs a statement, committing to ensure that the patient will take the prescribed medicine regularly and always sticks around, from the very first ...
The different personalities of alcoholics are expressed in the way they manifest certain traits o... more The different personalities of alcoholics are expressed in the way they manifest certain traits of their personality. In addition to knowing the general and common characteristics of alcoholics, it is even more important for clinical practice to know the differences between them, thus allowing a personalized approach to each patient, as a unique personality. The division of the personalities of alcoholics may be viewed through the prism of seven perspectives: the disease perspective, the dimensional perspective, the cognitive-anxiety perspective, the behavioral perspective, the spiritual/transcendent perspective, the narrative and the systemic perspective. Each of these perspectives more clearly represents part of the personality of the alcoholic; together they give a clearer picture of the problem and accordingly offer different treatment options.
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) is located on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an are... more Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) is located on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an area of 51 210 km2 and a population of 3 972 000. According to the Dayton Agreement of November 1995, which ended the 1992-95 war, BH comprises two ‘entities’ - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH) and the Republic of Srpska (RS) - and the District of Brcko. The administrative arrangements for the management and financing of mental health services reflect this. The FBH, with 2 325 018 residents, is a federation of 10 cantons, which have equal rights and responsibilities. The RS has 1 487 785 residents and, in contrast, a centralised administration. Brcko District has just under 80 000 residents.
Introduction Females who lost tzheir husbands during the war sufer from the different psychic pro... more Introduction Females who lost tzheir husbands during the war sufer from the different psychic problems. Objectives to investigate the association of severity of traumatization and level of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, sensibility, depressiveness, anxiety, hostility, phobic, paranoia, psychotic symptoms of the females who lost husbands during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH). Methods The sample was consisted from 50 females who lost and 50 females who did not lost their husbands in the BH war 1992-1995, of age from 35-60 years. We used The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Brief Symptoms Inventory. Results The obtained results indicate that the level of traumatization was significantely positively associated with the level of the somatization (Pearson’s 'r”=0,682; P<0,001), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (r=0,759; P<0,001), sensibility (r=0,698; P<0,001), depressiveness (r=0,743; P<0,001), anxiety (r=0,780; P<0,001), hostility (r=0, 765; P<0,001), phobic (r=0,605; P<0,001), paranoia (r=0,678; P<0,001), and psychotic symptoms (r=0,622; P<0,001) of tested females in the postwar BH. Conclusion The severity of traumatization of the females who experienced the loss of their husbands during the war 1992.-1995 in Bosnia-Herzegovina significantly positively associated with the level of the somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, sensibility, depressiveness, anxiety, hostility, phobic, paranoia, psychotic symptoms.
Hepatitis C is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to... more Hepatitis C is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to chronic liver damage and lower chances for complete cure if detected late. Intravenous (IV) opiate users are not aware when be infected from virus carriers using the same non-sterile equipment so they pass the infection to other IV drug users. By implementation of substitution treatment of opiate addicts with Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone) at the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla on 27 July 2009 year, we made the obligatory serological tests for hepatitis B and C and HIV, as well as laboratory findings with liver function parameter analysis as a condition for starting substitution therapy. In this way we discovered 50/195 opiate addicts hepatitis C positive. Although faced with danger of the final result if not treated in time, addicts when became aware that they were hepatitis C positive, they avoid further needed procedures leading to the inclusion of specific therapy with pegylated interferon. In this paper, the authors presented the procedure of multidisciplinary approach of treatment of hepatitis C positive opiate addicts despite their resistances they do not occur on the continuation of the procedure detecting HCV genotypes, and the inclusion of specific therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C in the clinics for infectious or internal diseases. At the end, the authors present eleven clinical vignettes of successful treatment of hepatitis C in opiate addicts realized with multidisciplinary team. All of the treated individuals, after finished interferon treatment appeared hepatitis C negative.
In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They e... more In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today. His holistic approach to medicine is becoming more and more relevant in the modern medicine. The application of the Hippocratic Oath today depends on the legislation of individual states, related to how legal solutions in some states are pro or contra to it. Authors opened and discussed his attitudes that mental illnesses are a sign of a diseased brain, his consideration the food as medicine and that the disease came from the intestines. Also issue of prognosis of the disease was opened and discussed as well as and Hippocrates's consideration of work and physical activity as the most appropriate medicine. Furthermore, authors considered importance of Hippocratic medicine related to Creative psychopharmacotherapy based on therapeutic communication and the creative satisfaction of needs in the therapeutic relationship with patients and in the recovery itself. Finally, an example of creatively use of the principle of Hippocratic medicine: "work as the most appropriate medicine" in therapeutic communication with patients through an ecological approach called "Ecopsychiatry", under the slogan presented in the media to the general public: "Cleansing nature improves your mental health" was described.
The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expandi... more The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expanding daily in working with clients suffering from mental illness. Mentalization enables the incorporation of several different theoretical models and therapeutic techniques into a single whole, which encourages a holistic and integrative approach to treating patients. This theoretical model looks at different spheres of mental states, both the client seeking medical help and the doctor himself in the therapeutic process. Consequently, providing an adequate basis for the creation of a therapeutic/working alliance, which is imposed in the age of modern psychiatry, as a "condition without which it is impossible" to achieve the desired therapeutic response. Therefore, it is necessary to creatively implement treatments while creating a "therapeutic/working alliance" between the patient and the doctor in order to improve the therapeutic response and change the patient's perception.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no sc... more Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain as well as the role of psyche in etiology of somatic diseases. He also describes certain psychiatric diseases along with the explanation of their etiology and recommended therapy. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions.
BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industria... more BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance. Cannabis can be used by smoking, evaporation, as a food ingredient, or as an extract. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be detrimental to several aspects of psychological and physical health and many experimental studies done on healthy people indicate the potential of Δ9- tetra hydro cannabinoid (THC) in inducing transient, dose-dependent psychotic symptoms, but also affective, behavioral, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychophysical symptoms. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug globally. In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalize its use. The wave of laws and initiatives to liberalize cannabis use continues to spread across the United States and the rest of the world, and there seems to be a political debate in the background about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use. Aim is to present the possible consequences that the legalization of cannabis would have from the aspect of mental health and mental disorders. METHODS Authors reviewed the literature using PubMed resources on the effects of cannabis using the keywords: cannabis use, cannabis use and psychoticism, cannabis use and depression, cannabis use and anxiety, cannabis use and cognition, cannabis use and insomnia, legalization of cannabis. RESULTS Authors examined the effects of cannabis use on psychiatric disorders and the review of the legal status of cannabis use in the world was also made. The possible consequences of cannabis legalization on the public health system were also considered, based on experiences from countries where legalization has already been done. The evidence cited in this article suggests that strong claims about the need to legalize cannabis are still questionable, and may, even in the long run, remain mixed, inconclusive, or even contradictory. Political interference in this issue can trigger a wide range of unintended but profound and lasting consequences for the health system and the health of the individual. CONCLUSION We recommend further research on this topic and data collection with an emphasis on the effects and consequences of cannabis use on mental health, and in particular the benefits and harmful effects of medical cannabis use.
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol... more INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study on the systematic cause of 1,863 patients with AUD recorded in the TK health system. RESULTS Among 1004 (53.9%) patients with AUD, somatic diseases were present; in men: arterial hypertension 573 (31.7%), alcoholic liver disease 269 (14.9%), diabetes mellitus 211 (11.7%); and in women: arterial hypertension 27 (49.1%), diabetes mellitus 27 (49.1%), elevated lipoproteins 3 (5.5%); alcoholic liver disease 1 (1.8%) and anemia 1 (1.8%). Among 1196 (64,2%) patients with AUD, neuro...
Background The centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction established, as a part of the Tu... more Background The centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction established, as a part of the Tuzla University Clinical Centre's Department of Psychiatry, is a result of several years of cooperation between the Tuzla department of psychiatry and the centre for addiction of the University Hospital in Orebro, Sweden. By working together, the scientists have developed the Tuzla model for opiate addiction in 2009, a first ever project of such kind in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Objectives To describe principles of organization and results of six years working period with buprenorphine+naloxone program. Method Authors described principles of organization and results of six years working period of the centre for medical prevention of opiate addiction in Tuzla. Results Once a patient is admitted to the center, a family member or a close friend signs a statement, committing to ensure that the patient will take the prescribed medicine regularly and always sticks around, from the very first ...
The different personalities of alcoholics are expressed in the way they manifest certain traits o... more The different personalities of alcoholics are expressed in the way they manifest certain traits of their personality. In addition to knowing the general and common characteristics of alcoholics, it is even more important for clinical practice to know the differences between them, thus allowing a personalized approach to each patient, as a unique personality. The division of the personalities of alcoholics may be viewed through the prism of seven perspectives: the disease perspective, the dimensional perspective, the cognitive-anxiety perspective, the behavioral perspective, the spiritual/transcendent perspective, the narrative and the systemic perspective. Each of these perspectives more clearly represents part of the personality of the alcoholic; together they give a clearer picture of the problem and accordingly offer different treatment options.
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) is located on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an are... more Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) is located on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has an area of 51 210 km2 and a population of 3 972 000. According to the Dayton Agreement of November 1995, which ended the 1992-95 war, BH comprises two ‘entities’ - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH) and the Republic of Srpska (RS) - and the District of Brcko. The administrative arrangements for the management and financing of mental health services reflect this. The FBH, with 2 325 018 residents, is a federation of 10 cantons, which have equal rights and responsibilities. The RS has 1 487 785 residents and, in contrast, a centralised administration. Brcko District has just under 80 000 residents.
Introduction Females who lost tzheir husbands during the war sufer from the different psychic pro... more Introduction Females who lost tzheir husbands during the war sufer from the different psychic problems. Objectives to investigate the association of severity of traumatization and level of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, sensibility, depressiveness, anxiety, hostility, phobic, paranoia, psychotic symptoms of the females who lost husbands during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH). Methods The sample was consisted from 50 females who lost and 50 females who did not lost their husbands in the BH war 1992-1995, of age from 35-60 years. We used The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Brief Symptoms Inventory. Results The obtained results indicate that the level of traumatization was significantely positively associated with the level of the somatization (Pearson’s 'r”=0,682; P<0,001), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (r=0,759; P<0,001), sensibility (r=0,698; P<0,001), depressiveness (r=0,743; P<0,001), anxiety (r=0,780; P<0,001), hostility (r=0, 765; P<0,001), phobic (r=0,605; P<0,001), paranoia (r=0,678; P<0,001), and psychotic symptoms (r=0,622; P<0,001) of tested females in the postwar BH. Conclusion The severity of traumatization of the females who experienced the loss of their husbands during the war 1992.-1995 in Bosnia-Herzegovina significantly positively associated with the level of the somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, sensibility, depressiveness, anxiety, hostility, phobic, paranoia, psychotic symptoms.
Hepatitis C is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to... more Hepatitis C is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to chronic liver damage and lower chances for complete cure if detected late. Intravenous (IV) opiate users are not aware when be infected from virus carriers using the same non-sterile equipment so they pass the infection to other IV drug users. By implementation of substitution treatment of opiate addicts with Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone) at the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla on 27 July 2009 year, we made the obligatory serological tests for hepatitis B and C and HIV, as well as laboratory findings with liver function parameter analysis as a condition for starting substitution therapy. In this way we discovered 50/195 opiate addicts hepatitis C positive. Although faced with danger of the final result if not treated in time, addicts when became aware that they were hepatitis C positive, they avoid further needed procedures leading to the inclusion of specific therapy with pegylated interferon. In this paper, the authors presented the procedure of multidisciplinary approach of treatment of hepatitis C positive opiate addicts despite their resistances they do not occur on the continuation of the procedure detecting HCV genotypes, and the inclusion of specific therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C in the clinics for infectious or internal diseases. At the end, the authors present eleven clinical vignettes of successful treatment of hepatitis C in opiate addicts realized with multidisciplinary team. All of the treated individuals, after finished interferon treatment appeared hepatitis C negative.
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