Papers by Francisco Valdez
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WPAM, Apr 3, 2016
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The Mayo Chinchipe ceramic assemblage found in the upper Amazon of Ecuador and Peru is one of the... more The Mayo Chinchipe ceramic assemblage found in the upper Amazon of Ecuador and Peru is one of the first pottery manifestations of the Formative period in this part of America (5300/2300 BP). Its stylistic, technological and symbolic characteristics reflect a heterarchic society with a high degree of cohesion, which expanded over a vast territory that included different ecological niches (altitude tropical humid forest to low montane dry forest). The regional interactions that have been witnessed include the Pacific coast, the Andean cordillera (over 3000 m asl) and the low piedmont of western Amazonia (400 m asl). The pottery has thin walled wares, with well-finished surfaces that coexisted with coarser utilitarian wares. In the beginning of the sequence the wares are monochrome, but in time mineral pigments have been used to paint and highlight certain zones in red, cream or white colors. The plastic decoration techniques include incised, excised and printed motived as well as a moderate use of appliques. The forms include open vessels (low and high bowls) and closed vessels (ollas: pots with or without necks, jars and bottles). Outstanding forms are effigy bottles and the fist stirrup-spout vessels of the American continent
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Primeras sociedades de la alta Amazonia, 2003
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Primeras sociedades de la alta Amazonia, 2003
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El Periodo Formativo en el Ecuador ha sido tradicionalmente estudiado desde la óptica de la costa... more El Periodo Formativo en el Ecuador ha sido tradicionalmente estudiado desde la óptica de la costa –desde donde el modo de vida sedentario y agrícola se extendió hacia las tierras altas. Nuevas investigaciones efectuadas en el sitio Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), ubicado en la vertiente oriental de los Andes ha permitido la recuperación de gránulos de almidón de varias plantas (incluyendo maíz) del interior de varios recipientes. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de un replanteamiento de la opinión tradicional sobre los estímulos que conllevan al proceso de la complejidad social en los Andes ecuatorianos. Por otro lado, se suscita nuevamente el interés sobre las teorías más antiguas de la expansión cultural (o de su influencia) de las culturas del bosque tropical amazónico y de las rutas de trasmisión del cultivo del maíz en América del Sur
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Comment, depuis plusieurs decennies, la recherche scientifique contribue-t-elle au developpement ... more Comment, depuis plusieurs decennies, la recherche scientifique contribue-t-elle au developpement des pays du Sud ? A travers plus de 100 succes emblematiques de la recherche en partenariat, cet ouvrage nous plonge au coeur des grandes questions de developpement : oeuvrer pour des societes plus justes, lutter contre les maladies, faire face aux risques naturels, mettre en place une agriculture durable garantissant la securite alimentaire, preserver la biodiversite, partager les savoirs... Il montre ainsi comment la recherche contribue a l'amelioration des conditions de vie et a la preservation de l'environnement dans les pays en developpement, en soulignant le role de la science pour repondre aux defis du monde actuel et a venir. Compose de textes courts, didactiques et richement illustres, il s'adresse a tous les publics.
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La historia humana en la Amazonía es muy antigua y en lo que se refiere a la parte correspondient... more La historia humana en la Amazonía es muy antigua y en lo que se refiere a la parte correspondiente a lo que es hoy la república del Ecuador tiene raíces que comienzan a comprenderse en su verdadera dimensión. Todo estudio histórico debe necesariamente comenzar preguntando ¿dónde y cuándo comienza la presencia del hombre en un determinado territorio?, para el caso de la amazonía ecuatoriana esta pregunta parte del poblamiento mismo del continente americano y más concretamente de América del Su..
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L'histoire du peuplement et du développement socio-culturel de 1'Occidente' du Mexiqu... more L'histoire du peuplement et du développement socio-culturel de 1'Occidente' du Mexique est encore mal connue, parce que cette région a été longtemps considérée comme marginale par rapport à l'aire méso-américaine (Schöndube 1990, Weigand 1993). Les études mexicanistes, depuis une soixantaine d'années, ont été surtout orientées vers les manifestations des "hautes cultures" du Plateau Central du Mexique (Teotihuacan, toltèques et aztèques), les hautes vallées de la région de Oaxaca (zapotèques, mixtèques), la région côtière du golfe du Mexique (Olmèques, totonaques et huastèques) et bien évidemnient, les terres tropicales mayas.
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The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, i... more The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, is in the region of Theobroma spp. greatest genetic diversity, thus making it ideal to investigate the origins of domestication of this enigmatic tree. We present research showing that the residents of SALF were involved in the domestication of cacao, traditionally thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica and/or Central America. We used three independent lines of evidence—starch grains, theobromine residues and ancient DNA—dating from approximately 5,300 years ago, to establish the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas, the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America and reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified. We suggest that new paleoethnobotanical research will expand our knowledge of this process, including the timing, locations, and uses of cacao by Indigenous South Amer...
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International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks
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Arqueología Amazónica
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Nature ecology & evolution, Jan 29, 2018
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication histor... more Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication history and early uses are limited. Traditionally, cacao is thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica. However, genomic research shows that T. cacao's greatest diversity is in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America, pointing to this region as its centre of origin. Here, we report cacao use identified by three independent lines of archaeological evidence-cacao starch grains, absorbed theobromine residues and ancient DNA-dating from approximately 5,300 years ago recovered from the Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF) site in southeast Ecuador. To our knowledge, these findings constitute the earliest evidence of T. cacao use in the Americas and the first unequivocal archaeological example of its pre-Columbian use in South America. They also reveal the upper Amazon region as the oldest centre of cacao domestication yet identified.
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Papers by Francisco Valdez