The insecticidal activity of some botanical oils on the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (... more The insecticidal activity of some botanical oils on the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated in laboratory assays. Oils of jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin plants were prepared in the form of nanoemulsion. Second and fourth instars larvae were treated with original oils and their nanoemulsions via the leaf dipping technique. The results revealed that 5% nanoemulsion oils were significantly more effective than original forms. The average size of the nanoparticles of effective nanoemulsion oils was 185.4, 362.9, and. 281.5 nm for jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin, respectively. The obtained data indicated the nanoemulsion of jojoba oil was the most effective against 2nd and 4th instars larvae, causing 100% and 60% mortality after 2 days of the treatment at concentration of 5% for 2nd and 4th instars larvae, respectively. It was concluded that the formulated nanoemulsion of these botanical oils can be used as an effective alternative to commercial pesticide formulations to control A. ipsilon larvae.
The efficacy of recommended acaricides. (kelthane, ortus and challenger), a new pyrethroid insect... more The efficacy of recommended acaricides. (kelthane, ortus and challenger), a new pyrethroid insecticide (vantex), one neonicotinoid insecticide (fast), three bioinsecticides (biofly, vertimec and tracer), a plant extract (neemix) and a mineral oil (kz-oil) against two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) and predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) was studied under laboratory conditions. Obtained data indicated that the spider mite T.urticae females were more susceptible than females of the predacious mite P.persimilis to the toxic effect of all tested insecticides. Predacious mite females were sensitive to direct spray application with insecticides than the feeding method on treated preys. Neemix and kz-oil had low toxic effect on prey and predator. The biopesticide vertimec is the superior toxic compound against T.urticae and predacious mite followed by tracer and biofly. Ortus was a highly effective chemical insecticides then challenger, vantex, fast and the lowest one is kelthane. Biofly, kz-oil and neemix are more suitable pesticides can be used in IPM of spider mite due to their lower toxic effect on predatory mite. A high difference between profiles of protein and esterase enzymes of prey and predator may be illustrate the difference in response of them to effect of used pesticides and tolerance of predator to this effect.
Field Strains of the sweet potato white fly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the cotton aphid , Aphis g... more Field Strains of the sweet potato white fly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the cotton aphid , Aphis gossypii (Glover) from Beni-Suef, Menofia, Gharbia and Behera Governorates were tested with four neonictinoides; three different formulations of Imidacloprid (Imidor 20%EC, Confidor 20% SL and Best 25%WP) and Thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) and three recommended insecticides; Carbosulfan (Marshal 25%WP) Diafenthiuron, (Polo 50%SC) and Buprofezin (Applaud 25%SC). The four neonictinoids were highly toxic to B. tabaci than A. gossypii collected from four Governorates. Cotton aphid was more susceptible to the effect of three other insecticides than white fly. The adult stage of whitefly was more susceptible to the toxic effect of all tested pesticides than the last nymphal instar. The total Protein content was highly concentrated in tissues of white fly than aphid tissues from the same localities. The electrophoratic separation of non epecific esterases isozymes revealed A high activitiy of enzyme zones with α-naphthyl acetate substrate in two pests tissues. The esterase isozymes of Aphid were classified as cholin and carboxylesterases so that the insect was susceptible to the effect of recommended insecticides. White fly esterases classified as cholin, carboxyl and arylesterase this may be illustrate the tolerant response of insect to the recommended insecticides
The toxicity of four pyrethroids; fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethri... more The toxicity of four pyrethroids; fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin and two organophosphorus insecticides; chlorpyrifos and profenofos, against laboratory and field (collected from three Lower Egypt governorates) female moths of Pectionophora gossypiella was evaluated in laboratory. Lumda-cyhalothrin was the most effective insecticides with low level of resistance (10.2, 12.3 and 15.8 fold), but profenofos was a good insecticide with very high levels of resistance (77.5, 111.3 and105.8 fold.) against Sharkia, Menofia and Gharbia insects respectively compared with laborayory insects. Chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin had the lower toxic effect (69.8,46.5 and 40.1 ppm ) with high levels of resistance (25.5,48.4 and 31.6 fold) for Gharbia Menofia and Sharkia insects respectively . Light increase in protein concentration (14.9 and 18.8%) was detected in Gharbia and Sharkia moths and insignificant decrease (21%) was presented in Menofia moths compared with laboratory insects. Insignificant reduction in enzyme activity was represented in ATPase (0.3, 16.6 and 23.2% in Menofia,Gharbia and Sharkia insects resp.) and alkaline phosphatase (13.8 and 19.7% in Sharkia and Gharbia insects). Significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (38%) was detected in Menofia insects only; also, acid phosphatase activity decreased in Menofia (48.8%), Gharbia (38.9%) and Sharkia (35.6%) moths. High significant increase in glutathione S-tranferase activity was detected in three field insects especially Menofia(322.4%). The high polymorphism (22%) in fractionated proteins was observed in Menofia insects than laboratory ones. The high polymorphism in nonspecific esterases was appeared in Gharbia and Sharkia insects compared with lab insects. The high similarity in proteins and esterases was appeared between Gharbia and Sharkia moths. The overproduction of glutathione S-transferase and esterase isozymes and the reduction in ATPase and acid and alkaline phosphatases activities and mutation in cholinesterase were associated with field moths resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides.
Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the relative toxicity of two biochemical insecticides (... more Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the relative toxicity of two biochemical insecticides (Tracer 24% SC and Vertimec 1.8% EC) and three chemical insecticides (Sumi-gold 20% EC, Agrothion 57% EC and Chalenger 36% SC) for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) adults. Males were more susceptible to the toxic effect of all tested insecticides than females. Vertimec 1.8% EC is the most effective insecticides followed by Sumi-gold 20% EC, Tracer 24% SC, Chalenger 36% SC and the lowest one is Argrothion 57% EC. LC 50 treatment of five insecticides produced reduction in fecundity of treated females and hatchability of deposited eggs and shortening the female and male life span. Tracer 24% SC and Vertimec 1.8% EC treatments produced higher deleterious effects in development of Med fly than the other three chemical insecticides. LC 50 treatment of female with five insecticides caused increasing of total protein content of insect whole body tissue. Treatment with LC50 of five tested pesticides caused disappearance and appearance of specific protein bands. All tested pesticides increased the activity of cholin and carboxyl esterases except two lighter bands. One carboxyl esterases band was highly inhibited with Agrothion 57% EC treatment.
The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most destructive pest of fruits in Egypt... more The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most destructive pest of fruits in Egypt. The management of B. zonata has been based on the use of malathion (organophosphate insecticide), a practice that induced resistance. The high resistance ratio (RR=30.47 fold) and resistance coefficient (RC=75.33) to malathion were detected in a field population of B. zonata compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. There is no cross-resistance between imidacloprid, spinosad lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion resistance in the field flies.
Toxic effect of dinotefuran, imidacloprid, fenoxycarb, phenthoate and thiocyclam H.O insecticides... more Toxic effect of dinotefuran, imidacloprid, fenoxycarb, phenthoate and thiocyclam H.O insecticides on greenhouses population of the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) was evaluated in laboratory. Data revealed that the five tested insecticides had high contact toxic effect on moths and 3 rd instar larvae of the insect. Moths were more susceptible to the effect of tested insecticides than larvae. Imidacloprid was the superior toxicant against moths and larvae, so it had a very low resistance coefficient (RC= 0.01 and 0.13). Phenthoate and thiocy-clam-H.O. had high toxic effect on two stages. Dinotefuran seemed to have low effect on moths and the same trend was observed with fenoxycarb on larvae. The activity of acetycholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase (PCMAN-demethylase) was higher in whole body homogenate of untreated moths (1.5, 1.2 and 1.58 times, respectively), than that of 3 rd instar larvae. The exposure of moths and 3 rd instar larvae to LC 30 , LC 50 and LC 80 of tested insecticides caused significant reduction (51.11and 25.00%) or increasing (41.78 and 28.77%) in activity of AChE, respectively. Phenthoate treatments reduced AChE activity, but imidacloprid and dinotefuran induced this activity in LC 80 treated insects .Low insecticide treatments produced slight induction (1.41-11.90%) of GST, other two treatments produced reduction or increasing enzyme activity of treated insects. LC 80 of fenoxycarb had moderate induction (24.79-27.90%) of moths and larvae GST. A positive correlation between the insecticide concentration and the activity of monooxygenase PCMAN-demethylase was observed in treated insects with five insecticides. Elevation of enzyme activity ranged from 1.59 to 52.12% in moths and 5.83-59.17% in larvae. Phenthoate and imidacloprid produced the higher induction effect of treated insect enzyme than the other three insecticides.
The insecticidal activity of some botanical oils on the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (... more The insecticidal activity of some botanical oils on the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated in laboratory assays. Oils of jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin plants were prepared in the form of nanoemulsion. Second and fourth instars larvae were treated with original oils and their nanoemulsions via the leaf dipping technique. The results revealed that 5% nanoemulsion oils were significantly more effective than original forms. The average size of the nanoparticles of effective nanoemulsion oils was 185.4, 362.9, and. 281.5 nm for jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin, respectively. The obtained data indicated the nanoemulsion of jojoba oil was the most effective against 2nd and 4th instars larvae, causing 100% and 60% mortality after 2 days of the treatment at concentration of 5% for 2nd and 4th instars larvae, respectively. It was concluded that the formulated nanoemulsion of these botanical oils can be used as an effective alternative to commercial pesticide formulations to control A. ipsilon larvae.
The efficacy of recommended acaricides. (kelthane, ortus and challenger), a new pyrethroid insect... more The efficacy of recommended acaricides. (kelthane, ortus and challenger), a new pyrethroid insecticide (vantex), one neonicotinoid insecticide (fast), three bioinsecticides (biofly, vertimec and tracer), a plant extract (neemix) and a mineral oil (kz-oil) against two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) and predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) was studied under laboratory conditions. Obtained data indicated that the spider mite T.urticae females were more susceptible than females of the predacious mite P.persimilis to the toxic effect of all tested insecticides. Predacious mite females were sensitive to direct spray application with insecticides than the feeding method on treated preys. Neemix and kz-oil had low toxic effect on prey and predator. The biopesticide vertimec is the superior toxic compound against T.urticae and predacious mite followed by tracer and biofly. Ortus was a highly effective chemical insecticides then challenger, vantex, fast and the lowest one is kelthane. Biofly, kz-oil and neemix are more suitable pesticides can be used in IPM of spider mite due to their lower toxic effect on predatory mite. A high difference between profiles of protein and esterase enzymes of prey and predator may be illustrate the difference in response of them to effect of used pesticides and tolerance of predator to this effect.
Field Strains of the sweet potato white fly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the cotton aphid , Aphis g... more Field Strains of the sweet potato white fly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the cotton aphid , Aphis gossypii (Glover) from Beni-Suef, Menofia, Gharbia and Behera Governorates were tested with four neonictinoides; three different formulations of Imidacloprid (Imidor 20%EC, Confidor 20% SL and Best 25%WP) and Thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) and three recommended insecticides; Carbosulfan (Marshal 25%WP) Diafenthiuron, (Polo 50%SC) and Buprofezin (Applaud 25%SC). The four neonictinoids were highly toxic to B. tabaci than A. gossypii collected from four Governorates. Cotton aphid was more susceptible to the effect of three other insecticides than white fly. The adult stage of whitefly was more susceptible to the toxic effect of all tested pesticides than the last nymphal instar. The total Protein content was highly concentrated in tissues of white fly than aphid tissues from the same localities. The electrophoratic separation of non epecific esterases isozymes revealed A high activitiy of enzyme zones with α-naphthyl acetate substrate in two pests tissues. The esterase isozymes of Aphid were classified as cholin and carboxylesterases so that the insect was susceptible to the effect of recommended insecticides. White fly esterases classified as cholin, carboxyl and arylesterase this may be illustrate the tolerant response of insect to the recommended insecticides
The toxicity of four pyrethroids; fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethri... more The toxicity of four pyrethroids; fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin and two organophosphorus insecticides; chlorpyrifos and profenofos, against laboratory and field (collected from three Lower Egypt governorates) female moths of Pectionophora gossypiella was evaluated in laboratory. Lumda-cyhalothrin was the most effective insecticides with low level of resistance (10.2, 12.3 and 15.8 fold), but profenofos was a good insecticide with very high levels of resistance (77.5, 111.3 and105.8 fold.) against Sharkia, Menofia and Gharbia insects respectively compared with laborayory insects. Chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin had the lower toxic effect (69.8,46.5 and 40.1 ppm ) with high levels of resistance (25.5,48.4 and 31.6 fold) for Gharbia Menofia and Sharkia insects respectively . Light increase in protein concentration (14.9 and 18.8%) was detected in Gharbia and Sharkia moths and insignificant decrease (21%) was presented in Menofia moths compared with laboratory insects. Insignificant reduction in enzyme activity was represented in ATPase (0.3, 16.6 and 23.2% in Menofia,Gharbia and Sharkia insects resp.) and alkaline phosphatase (13.8 and 19.7% in Sharkia and Gharbia insects). Significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (38%) was detected in Menofia insects only; also, acid phosphatase activity decreased in Menofia (48.8%), Gharbia (38.9%) and Sharkia (35.6%) moths. High significant increase in glutathione S-tranferase activity was detected in three field insects especially Menofia(322.4%). The high polymorphism (22%) in fractionated proteins was observed in Menofia insects than laboratory ones. The high polymorphism in nonspecific esterases was appeared in Gharbia and Sharkia insects compared with lab insects. The high similarity in proteins and esterases was appeared between Gharbia and Sharkia moths. The overproduction of glutathione S-transferase and esterase isozymes and the reduction in ATPase and acid and alkaline phosphatases activities and mutation in cholinesterase were associated with field moths resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides.
Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the relative toxicity of two biochemical insecticides (... more Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the relative toxicity of two biochemical insecticides (Tracer 24% SC and Vertimec 1.8% EC) and three chemical insecticides (Sumi-gold 20% EC, Agrothion 57% EC and Chalenger 36% SC) for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) adults. Males were more susceptible to the toxic effect of all tested insecticides than females. Vertimec 1.8% EC is the most effective insecticides followed by Sumi-gold 20% EC, Tracer 24% SC, Chalenger 36% SC and the lowest one is Argrothion 57% EC. LC 50 treatment of five insecticides produced reduction in fecundity of treated females and hatchability of deposited eggs and shortening the female and male life span. Tracer 24% SC and Vertimec 1.8% EC treatments produced higher deleterious effects in development of Med fly than the other three chemical insecticides. LC 50 treatment of female with five insecticides caused increasing of total protein content of insect whole body tissue. Treatment with LC50 of five tested pesticides caused disappearance and appearance of specific protein bands. All tested pesticides increased the activity of cholin and carboxyl esterases except two lighter bands. One carboxyl esterases band was highly inhibited with Agrothion 57% EC treatment.
The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most destructive pest of fruits in Egypt... more The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most destructive pest of fruits in Egypt. The management of B. zonata has been based on the use of malathion (organophosphate insecticide), a practice that induced resistance. The high resistance ratio (RR=30.47 fold) and resistance coefficient (RC=75.33) to malathion were detected in a field population of B. zonata compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. There is no cross-resistance between imidacloprid, spinosad lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion resistance in the field flies.
Toxic effect of dinotefuran, imidacloprid, fenoxycarb, phenthoate and thiocyclam H.O insecticides... more Toxic effect of dinotefuran, imidacloprid, fenoxycarb, phenthoate and thiocyclam H.O insecticides on greenhouses population of the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) was evaluated in laboratory. Data revealed that the five tested insecticides had high contact toxic effect on moths and 3 rd instar larvae of the insect. Moths were more susceptible to the effect of tested insecticides than larvae. Imidacloprid was the superior toxicant against moths and larvae, so it had a very low resistance coefficient (RC= 0.01 and 0.13). Phenthoate and thiocy-clam-H.O. had high toxic effect on two stages. Dinotefuran seemed to have low effect on moths and the same trend was observed with fenoxycarb on larvae. The activity of acetycholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase (PCMAN-demethylase) was higher in whole body homogenate of untreated moths (1.5, 1.2 and 1.58 times, respectively), than that of 3 rd instar larvae. The exposure of moths and 3 rd instar larvae to LC 30 , LC 50 and LC 80 of tested insecticides caused significant reduction (51.11and 25.00%) or increasing (41.78 and 28.77%) in activity of AChE, respectively. Phenthoate treatments reduced AChE activity, but imidacloprid and dinotefuran induced this activity in LC 80 treated insects .Low insecticide treatments produced slight induction (1.41-11.90%) of GST, other two treatments produced reduction or increasing enzyme activity of treated insects. LC 80 of fenoxycarb had moderate induction (24.79-27.90%) of moths and larvae GST. A positive correlation between the insecticide concentration and the activity of monooxygenase PCMAN-demethylase was observed in treated insects with five insecticides. Elevation of enzyme activity ranged from 1.59 to 52.12% in moths and 5.83-59.17% in larvae. Phenthoate and imidacloprid produced the higher induction effect of treated insect enzyme than the other three insecticides.
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