We evaluate the economic feasibility of fast pyrolysis and upgrading facilities 11 employing eith... more We evaluate the economic feasibility of fast pyrolysis and upgrading facilities 11 employing either of two depolymerization pathways: two-stage hydrotreating 12 followed by a FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) stage or single-stage hydrotreating 13 followed by a hydrocracking stage. In the hydrotreating/FCC pathway, two options 14 are available as the hydrogen source for hydrotreating: merchant hydrogen or 15 hydrogen from natural gas reforming. The primary products of the hydrotreating/FCC 16 pathway are commodity chemicals whereas the primary products for the 17 hydrotreating/hydrocracking pathway are transportation fuels and hydrogen. The two 18 pathways are modeled using Aspen Plus® for a 2000 metric tons/day facility. 19 Equipment sizing and cost calculations are based on Aspen Economic Evaluation® 20 software. 21 The fast pyrolysis bio-oil yield is assumed to be 65% of biomass. We calculate the 22 internal rate of return (IRR) for each pathway as a function of feedstock cost, fixe...
Globalization has led to a significant effect on today’s manufacturing sector. Manufacturers need... more Globalization has led to a significant effect on today’s manufacturing sector. Manufacturers need to find new and innovative ways to increase efficiency and reduce waste in the manufacturing supply chain. Lean/six sigma tools can help companies increase production efficiency and stay in competition. Manufacturing in smaller batches can keep the supply chain lean and customizable. This leads to frequent changeovers and downtime. A changeover is usually required when a single machine produces different products based on the requirement. A large-scale industry can either install multiple individual production lines to cater to the demand (usually expensive) or make frequent machinery changes. Single Minute Exchange Die (SMED) is a system designed for reducing the changeover time for machines. It reduces the time taken to complete the activities and eliminates non-essential activities throughout the changeover. Scheduling an operating procedure within SMED in such case is a challenge. P...
ABSTRACTNew lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging. They contain mutations in the spike g... more ABSTRACTNew lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging. They contain mutations in the spike glycoprotein that can affect virus infectivity, transmissibility, or sensitivity to vaccine-elicited antibodies. Here we show that the emergence of new spike variants is accurately predicted by patterns of amino acid variability (volatility) in small virus clusters that phylogenetically-precede or chronologically-predate such events. For each spike position, volatility within the virus clusters, volatility at adjacent positions on the three-dimensional structure of the protein, and volatility across the network of co-volatile sites describe its likelihood for mutations. By combining these variables, early-pandemic sequences accurately forecasted mutations in lineages that appeared 6-13 months later. The patterns of mutations in variants Alpha and Delta, as well as the recently-appearing variant Omicron were also predicted remarkably well. Importantly, probabilities assigned to spike posit...
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies against various domains of the spike protein, includin... more Infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies against various domains of the spike protein, including the RBD and NTD of subunit S1 and against subunit S2. The antibody responses of different infected individuals exhibit different efficacies to inactivate (neutralize) the virus.
Organizations can enhance the value of their assembly planning, assembly design, and assembly sho... more Organizations can enhance the value of their assembly planning, assembly design, and assembly shop floor execution through the use of the 3D product model. Once a tool targeted at product design, the 3D product model, enabled by current and emerging manufacturing process management technologies, can create additional value for organizations when used in assembly processes. The research survey conducted and described in this paper demonstrates the value organizations have seen in using the 3D product model in the assembly process. The paper also explores the current state of those organizations who have not yet implemented the use of the 3D product model in their assembly processes and the value that they foresee for possible future implementation. The essential findings of this research are the five qualitative areas in which value is derived from using the 3D product model in complex assembly processes and how those value drivers apply across various industries and organization siz...
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is arranged as a trimer on the virus surface, composed of three S... more The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is arranged as a trimer on the virus surface, composed of three S1 and three S2 subunits. Infected and vaccinated individuals generate antibodies against spike, which can neutralize the virus. Most antibodies target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of S1; however, antibodies against other regions of spike have also been isolated. The variation between infected individuals in domain specificity of the antibodies and in their relative neutralization efficacy is still poorly characterized. To this end, we tested serum and plasma samples from 85 COVID-19 convalescent subjects using 7 immunoassays that employ different domains, subunits and oligomeric forms of spike to capture the antibodies. Samples were also tested for their neutralization of pseudovirus containing SARS-CoV-2 spike and of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2. We observed strong correlations between the levels of NTD- and RBD-specific antibodies, with a fixed rati...
Surgery is a primary source of revenue in a hospital, and scheduling of surgery can significantly... more Surgery is a primary source of revenue in a hospital, and scheduling of surgery can significantly impact surgeons’ and patients’ satisfaction and thus revenue. The major objective in surgery scheduling is to minimize the amount of waiting time for patients and maximize the utilization of the operating rooms while considering the needs of surgeons. In this process, accurately estimating surgery durations is among the most important factors. Using data from a large Midwestern hospital, surgery duration estimations were compared to actual durations in a one-year period for the top surgeries. Statistically, a significant difference between actual and estimated durations has been identified. With the goal of decreasing the difference between the estimated and actual durations, multiple linear regression models were created for the most common surgeries and used to analyze the impact various characteristics of surgery cases have on the duration. Due to the high variability of the data, th...
Traditionally, plant disease recognition has mainly been done visually by human. It is often bias... more Traditionally, plant disease recognition has mainly been done visually by human. It is often biased, time-consuming, and laborious. Machine learning methods based on plant leave images have been proposed to improve the disease recognition process. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been adopted and proven to be very effective. Despite the good classification accuracy achieved by CNNs, the issue of limited training data remains. In most cases, the training dataset is often small due to significant effort in data collection and annotation. In this case, CNN methods tend to have the overfitting problem. In this paper, Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is combined with label smoothing regularization (LSR) to improve the prediction accuracy and address the overfitting problem under limited training data. Experiments show that the proposed WGAN-GP enhanced classification method can improve the overall classification accuracy of plant disease...
In general, early detection and timely management of plant diseases are essential for reducing yi... more In general, early detection and timely management of plant diseases are essential for reducing yield loss. Traditional manual inspection of fields is often time-consuming and laborious. Automated imaging techniques have recently been successfully applied to detect plant diseases. However, these methods mostly focus on the current state of the crop. This paper proposes a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based model to predict soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) disease development. To detect SDS at a quadrat level, the proposed method uses satellite images collected from PlanetScope as the training set. The pixel image data include the spectral bands of red, green, blue and near-infrared (NIR). Data collected during the 2016 and 2017 soybean-growing seasons were analyzed. Instead of using individual static imagery, the GRU-based model converts the original imagery into time-series data. SDS predictions were made on different data scenarios and the results were compared with fully connected...
International Journal of Production Economics, 2020
Abstract This paper presents a decision making model that considers distribution centers locating... more Abstract This paper presents a decision making model that considers distribution centers locating, pickup and delivery vehicle routing, and direct shipment simultaneously. The goal is to optimize the distribution centers’ location, the delivery, pickup, and direct shipment routes so that the total costs are minimized. Two types of delivery modes are considered. In the first type, each vehicle loads the same type of products and in the second type, each vehicle is allowed to load multiple types of products. An integrated mixed integer linear programming model was formulated for each delivery type. Computational experiments were conducted to validate the models. Three solution methods: deterministic mode, opportunistic mode, and benders decomposition algorithm in CPLEX have been analyzed.
We evaluate the economic feasibility of fast pyrolysis and upgrading facilities 11 employing eith... more We evaluate the economic feasibility of fast pyrolysis and upgrading facilities 11 employing either of two depolymerization pathways: two-stage hydrotreating 12 followed by a FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) stage or single-stage hydrotreating 13 followed by a hydrocracking stage. In the hydrotreating/FCC pathway, two options 14 are available as the hydrogen source for hydrotreating: merchant hydrogen or 15 hydrogen from natural gas reforming. The primary products of the hydrotreating/FCC 16 pathway are commodity chemicals whereas the primary products for the 17 hydrotreating/hydrocracking pathway are transportation fuels and hydrogen. The two 18 pathways are modeled using Aspen Plus® for a 2000 metric tons/day facility. 19 Equipment sizing and cost calculations are based on Aspen Economic Evaluation® 20 software. 21 The fast pyrolysis bio-oil yield is assumed to be 65% of biomass. We calculate the 22 internal rate of return (IRR) for each pathway as a function of feedstock cost, fixe...
Globalization has led to a significant effect on today’s manufacturing sector. Manufacturers need... more Globalization has led to a significant effect on today’s manufacturing sector. Manufacturers need to find new and innovative ways to increase efficiency and reduce waste in the manufacturing supply chain. Lean/six sigma tools can help companies increase production efficiency and stay in competition. Manufacturing in smaller batches can keep the supply chain lean and customizable. This leads to frequent changeovers and downtime. A changeover is usually required when a single machine produces different products based on the requirement. A large-scale industry can either install multiple individual production lines to cater to the demand (usually expensive) or make frequent machinery changes. Single Minute Exchange Die (SMED) is a system designed for reducing the changeover time for machines. It reduces the time taken to complete the activities and eliminates non-essential activities throughout the changeover. Scheduling an operating procedure within SMED in such case is a challenge. P...
ABSTRACTNew lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging. They contain mutations in the spike g... more ABSTRACTNew lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging. They contain mutations in the spike glycoprotein that can affect virus infectivity, transmissibility, or sensitivity to vaccine-elicited antibodies. Here we show that the emergence of new spike variants is accurately predicted by patterns of amino acid variability (volatility) in small virus clusters that phylogenetically-precede or chronologically-predate such events. For each spike position, volatility within the virus clusters, volatility at adjacent positions on the three-dimensional structure of the protein, and volatility across the network of co-volatile sites describe its likelihood for mutations. By combining these variables, early-pandemic sequences accurately forecasted mutations in lineages that appeared 6-13 months later. The patterns of mutations in variants Alpha and Delta, as well as the recently-appearing variant Omicron were also predicted remarkably well. Importantly, probabilities assigned to spike posit...
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies against various domains of the spike protein, includin... more Infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies against various domains of the spike protein, including the RBD and NTD of subunit S1 and against subunit S2. The antibody responses of different infected individuals exhibit different efficacies to inactivate (neutralize) the virus.
Organizations can enhance the value of their assembly planning, assembly design, and assembly sho... more Organizations can enhance the value of their assembly planning, assembly design, and assembly shop floor execution through the use of the 3D product model. Once a tool targeted at product design, the 3D product model, enabled by current and emerging manufacturing process management technologies, can create additional value for organizations when used in assembly processes. The research survey conducted and described in this paper demonstrates the value organizations have seen in using the 3D product model in the assembly process. The paper also explores the current state of those organizations who have not yet implemented the use of the 3D product model in their assembly processes and the value that they foresee for possible future implementation. The essential findings of this research are the five qualitative areas in which value is derived from using the 3D product model in complex assembly processes and how those value drivers apply across various industries and organization siz...
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is arranged as a trimer on the virus surface, composed of three S... more The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is arranged as a trimer on the virus surface, composed of three S1 and three S2 subunits. Infected and vaccinated individuals generate antibodies against spike, which can neutralize the virus. Most antibodies target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of S1; however, antibodies against other regions of spike have also been isolated. The variation between infected individuals in domain specificity of the antibodies and in their relative neutralization efficacy is still poorly characterized. To this end, we tested serum and plasma samples from 85 COVID-19 convalescent subjects using 7 immunoassays that employ different domains, subunits and oligomeric forms of spike to capture the antibodies. Samples were also tested for their neutralization of pseudovirus containing SARS-CoV-2 spike and of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2. We observed strong correlations between the levels of NTD- and RBD-specific antibodies, with a fixed rati...
Surgery is a primary source of revenue in a hospital, and scheduling of surgery can significantly... more Surgery is a primary source of revenue in a hospital, and scheduling of surgery can significantly impact surgeons’ and patients’ satisfaction and thus revenue. The major objective in surgery scheduling is to minimize the amount of waiting time for patients and maximize the utilization of the operating rooms while considering the needs of surgeons. In this process, accurately estimating surgery durations is among the most important factors. Using data from a large Midwestern hospital, surgery duration estimations were compared to actual durations in a one-year period for the top surgeries. Statistically, a significant difference between actual and estimated durations has been identified. With the goal of decreasing the difference between the estimated and actual durations, multiple linear regression models were created for the most common surgeries and used to analyze the impact various characteristics of surgery cases have on the duration. Due to the high variability of the data, th...
Traditionally, plant disease recognition has mainly been done visually by human. It is often bias... more Traditionally, plant disease recognition has mainly been done visually by human. It is often biased, time-consuming, and laborious. Machine learning methods based on plant leave images have been proposed to improve the disease recognition process. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been adopted and proven to be very effective. Despite the good classification accuracy achieved by CNNs, the issue of limited training data remains. In most cases, the training dataset is often small due to significant effort in data collection and annotation. In this case, CNN methods tend to have the overfitting problem. In this paper, Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is combined with label smoothing regularization (LSR) to improve the prediction accuracy and address the overfitting problem under limited training data. Experiments show that the proposed WGAN-GP enhanced classification method can improve the overall classification accuracy of plant disease...
In general, early detection and timely management of plant diseases are essential for reducing yi... more In general, early detection and timely management of plant diseases are essential for reducing yield loss. Traditional manual inspection of fields is often time-consuming and laborious. Automated imaging techniques have recently been successfully applied to detect plant diseases. However, these methods mostly focus on the current state of the crop. This paper proposes a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based model to predict soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) disease development. To detect SDS at a quadrat level, the proposed method uses satellite images collected from PlanetScope as the training set. The pixel image data include the spectral bands of red, green, blue and near-infrared (NIR). Data collected during the 2016 and 2017 soybean-growing seasons were analyzed. Instead of using individual static imagery, the GRU-based model converts the original imagery into time-series data. SDS predictions were made on different data scenarios and the results were compared with fully connected...
International Journal of Production Economics, 2020
Abstract This paper presents a decision making model that considers distribution centers locating... more Abstract This paper presents a decision making model that considers distribution centers locating, pickup and delivery vehicle routing, and direct shipment simultaneously. The goal is to optimize the distribution centers’ location, the delivery, pickup, and direct shipment routes so that the total costs are minimized. Two types of delivery modes are considered. In the first type, each vehicle loads the same type of products and in the second type, each vehicle is allowed to load multiple types of products. An integrated mixed integer linear programming model was formulated for each delivery type. Computational experiments were conducted to validate the models. Three solution methods: deterministic mode, opportunistic mode, and benders decomposition algorithm in CPLEX have been analyzed.
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Papers by Guiping Hu