As healthcare groups continue to communicate and collaborate at a distance on knowledge exchange ... more As healthcare groups continue to communicate and collaborate at a distance on knowledge exchange activities, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has come to play an increasingly important role in supporting such interactions. However, to date, the literature on knowledge exchange appears disconnected from that of ICT. Research on the effects of ICT on knowledge exchange activities is needed. The literature review explores the potential impacts ICTs can have on knowledge exchange groups, and especially, the social interaction process. A discussion of how ICTs could impact the social interaction process of knowledge exchange activities is made.
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, Jan 1, 2008
Objective Return-to-work (RTW) coordination has been suggested as an effective strategy for preve... more Objective Return-to-work (RTW) coordination has been suggested as an effective strategy for preventing workplace disability, but the scope of these services is not well described. The objective of this study was to describe the activities of RTW coordinators in published trials to provide a basis for establishing necessary competencies. Methods A keyword search of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify intervention studies with a RTW coordinator providing direct, on-site workplace liaison to reduce work absences associated with physical health ailments. This search yielded 2,383 titles that were inspected by two examiners. Using a stepwise process that allowed for assessment of inter-observer agreement, 90 full articles were selected and reviewed, and 40 articles (22 studies) met criteria for inclusion. Results All but two studies (of traumatic brain injury) focused on musculoskeletal conditions or work injuries. Twenty-nine RTW coordinator activities were identified, but there was variation in the training background, workplace activities, and contextual setting of RTW coordinators. Based on reported RTW coordinator activities, six preliminary competency domains were identified: (1) ergonomic and workplace assessment; (2) clinical interviewing; (3) social problem solving; (4) workplace mediation; (5) knowledge of business and legal aspects; and (6) knowledge of medical conditions. Discussion Principal activities of RTW coordination involve workplace assessment, planning for transitional duty, and facilitating communication and agreement among stakeholders. Successful RTW coordination may depend more on competencies in ergonomic job accommodation, communication, and conflict resolution than on medical training.
Everyday usage of the term “abstract” has been shown to lead to a conflict in which abstract math... more Everyday usage of the term “abstract” has been shown to lead to a conflict in which abstract mathematics is seen to be both easier and more difficult than concrete mathematics. A literature review undertaken to identify the source of this conflict has revealed that the term “abstraction” may be used to denote either a process or a product. Two meanings of “abstract” are also identified. The first meaning, calledabstract- apart, refers to ideas which are removed from reality; the second meaning, calledabstract- general, refers to ideas which are general to a wide variety of contexts. It is argued in this paper that, whereas mathematics isabstract- general, mathematics teaching often leads toabstract- apart ideas. The initial conflict has been resolved by noting that abstract-apart ideas are adequate when a mathematical problem can be solved within a single level of abstraction; such problems are relatively easy. On the other hand, abstract-general ideas are essential for the successful solution of problems which require links between levels of abstraction; these problems are relatively difficult. The concepts of abstract-general and abstract-apart have then been applied to re-interpret two research studies (on letters in algebra and rates of change). It is suggested that greater interest in abstraction as a process would be beneficial to both the theory and practice of mathematics education.
This paper illustrates how couple and individual treatment formats can be intertwined. A conflict... more This paper illustrates how couple and individual treatment formats can be intertwined. A conflict resolution theoretical framework structures treatment around three goals: (1) relieving symptoms (anger, depression, and marital distress), (2) facilitating resolution of the couple's conflicts, and (3) building communication and conflict resolution skills. The literature review focuses on why combining individual and couple therapy is often important for married clients. “Two Bicycles,” an illustrative case incorporating both conjoint and individual interventions, is presented and analyzed with regard to when each format seems beneficial. Ethical and practical issues raised by dual format treatment include potential harm, informed consent, dual roles, confidentiality, and time and financial costs.
This article explores the relationship between conflict and violence through a review of the lite... more This article explores the relationship between conflict and violence through a review of the literature about young children's conflict with their peers. Information about the nature of young children's conflicts and how teachers respond is presented and discussed in relation to 3 questions. First, do conflicts between children lead to violence? Second, what constitutes competent conflict resolution behavior? Third, how do children develop competent conflict resolution skills? This review of the literature indicates that conflicts between children do not naturally lead to violence. Rather, it is when children are unable to resolve their own conflicts, and when they are not supported in their efforts at resolutions, that violence is likely to result. While conflicts with peers provide a natural opportunity for children to develop competent conflict resolution skills, teachers must provide assistance as needed. Suggestions for further reading on this topic are provided.
Rationale Chronic cannabis use has been related to deficits in cognition (particularly memory) an... more Rationale Chronic cannabis use has been related to deficits in cognition (particularly memory) and the normal functioning of brain structures sensitive to cannabinoids. There is increasing evidence that conflict monitoring and resolution processes (i.e. the ability to detect and respond to change) may be affected. Objectives This study examined the ability to inhibit an automatic reading response in order to activate a more difficult naming response (i.e. conflict resolution) in a variant of the discrete trial Stroop colour-naming task. Methods Event-related brain potentials to neutral, congruent and incongruent trials were compared between 21 cannabis users (mean 16.4 years of near daily use) in the unintoxicated state and 19 non-using controls. Results Cannabis users showed increased errors on colour-incongruent trials (e.g. “RED” printed in blue ink) but no performance differences from controls on colour congruent (e.g. “RED” printed in red ink) or neutral trials (e.g. “*****” printed in green ink). Poorer incongruent trial performance was predicted by an earlier age of onset of regular cannabis use. Users showed altered expression of a late sustained potential related to conflict resolution, evident by opposite patterns of activity between trial types at midline and central sites, and altered relationships between neurophysiological and behavioural outcome measures not evident in the control group. Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic use of cannabis may impair the brain’s ability to respond optimally in the presence of events that require conflict resolution and hold implications for the ability to refrain from substance misuse and/or maintain substance abstention behaviours.
Globally active organizations and many virtual team based work structures are facing the challeng... more Globally active organizations and many virtual team based work structures are facing the challenge of a physically distributed workplace despite the necessity to closely interact among team members. While videoconferencing (VC) promises to replace the need for face-to-face meetings, this new medium also implies new cultural challenges. But what are the problems inherent to the social dynamics of videoconferencing usage in remote collaboration and what are mechanisms to overcome such conflicts? Based on an intense review of literature as well as a total of three case studies with multinational enterprises we identify nine major problems in VC and propose an adopted conflict management method for videoconferencing
Historically, surgeons have had little formal training in conflict resolution; however, there has... more Historically, surgeons have had little formal training in conflict resolution; however, there has been an increasing body of evidence that poor conflict resolution skills may have an adverse impact on patient outcomes and career advancement. Furthermore, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recognized the importance of conflict resolution skills in resident training by mandating the training of communication skills and professionalism. These skills have often been taught in other professions, and surgeons may need to acquaint themselves with the literature from those fields. Conflict resolution techniques such as the 7-step model or principle-based conflict resolution can be applied to conflict in the operating room, wards, and among colleagues. We propose a model for conflict resolution by using the basic tools of the history and physical exam, a process well known to all physicians.
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Jan 1, 2006
The safety of flights, and, in particular, separation assurance, is one of the main tasks of air ... more The safety of flights, and, in particular, separation assurance, is one of the main tasks of air traffic control (ATC). Conflict resolution refers to the process used by ATCs to prevent loss of separation. Conflict resolution involves issuing instructions to aircraft to avoid loss of safe separation between them and, at the same time, direct them to their destinations. Conflict resolution requires decision making in the face of the considerable levels of uncertainty inherent in the motion of aircraft. In this paper, a framework for conflict resolution that allows one to take into account such levels of uncertainty using a stochastic simulator is presented. The conflict resolution task is posed as the problem of optimizing an expected value criterion. It is then shown how the cost criterion can be selected to ensure an upper bound on the probability of conflict for the optimal maneuver. Optimization of the expected value resolution criterion is carried out through an iterative procedure based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Simulation examples inspired by current ATC practice in terminal maneuvering areas and approach sectors illustrate the proposed conflict resolution strategy
As healthcare groups continue to communicate and collaborate at a distance on knowledge exchange ... more As healthcare groups continue to communicate and collaborate at a distance on knowledge exchange activities, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has come to play an increasingly important role in supporting such interactions. However, to date, the literature on knowledge exchange appears disconnected from that of ICT. Research on the effects of ICT on knowledge exchange activities is needed. The literature review explores the potential impacts ICTs can have on knowledge exchange groups, and especially, the social interaction process. A discussion of how ICTs could impact the social interaction process of knowledge exchange activities is made.
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, Jan 1, 2008
Objective Return-to-work (RTW) coordination has been suggested as an effective strategy for preve... more Objective Return-to-work (RTW) coordination has been suggested as an effective strategy for preventing workplace disability, but the scope of these services is not well described. The objective of this study was to describe the activities of RTW coordinators in published trials to provide a basis for establishing necessary competencies. Methods A keyword search of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify intervention studies with a RTW coordinator providing direct, on-site workplace liaison to reduce work absences associated with physical health ailments. This search yielded 2,383 titles that were inspected by two examiners. Using a stepwise process that allowed for assessment of inter-observer agreement, 90 full articles were selected and reviewed, and 40 articles (22 studies) met criteria for inclusion. Results All but two studies (of traumatic brain injury) focused on musculoskeletal conditions or work injuries. Twenty-nine RTW coordinator activities were identified, but there was variation in the training background, workplace activities, and contextual setting of RTW coordinators. Based on reported RTW coordinator activities, six preliminary competency domains were identified: (1) ergonomic and workplace assessment; (2) clinical interviewing; (3) social problem solving; (4) workplace mediation; (5) knowledge of business and legal aspects; and (6) knowledge of medical conditions. Discussion Principal activities of RTW coordination involve workplace assessment, planning for transitional duty, and facilitating communication and agreement among stakeholders. Successful RTW coordination may depend more on competencies in ergonomic job accommodation, communication, and conflict resolution than on medical training.
Everyday usage of the term “abstract” has been shown to lead to a conflict in which abstract math... more Everyday usage of the term “abstract” has been shown to lead to a conflict in which abstract mathematics is seen to be both easier and more difficult than concrete mathematics. A literature review undertaken to identify the source of this conflict has revealed that the term “abstraction” may be used to denote either a process or a product. Two meanings of “abstract” are also identified. The first meaning, calledabstract- apart, refers to ideas which are removed from reality; the second meaning, calledabstract- general, refers to ideas which are general to a wide variety of contexts. It is argued in this paper that, whereas mathematics isabstract- general, mathematics teaching often leads toabstract- apart ideas. The initial conflict has been resolved by noting that abstract-apart ideas are adequate when a mathematical problem can be solved within a single level of abstraction; such problems are relatively easy. On the other hand, abstract-general ideas are essential for the successful solution of problems which require links between levels of abstraction; these problems are relatively difficult. The concepts of abstract-general and abstract-apart have then been applied to re-interpret two research studies (on letters in algebra and rates of change). It is suggested that greater interest in abstraction as a process would be beneficial to both the theory and practice of mathematics education.
This paper illustrates how couple and individual treatment formats can be intertwined. A conflict... more This paper illustrates how couple and individual treatment formats can be intertwined. A conflict resolution theoretical framework structures treatment around three goals: (1) relieving symptoms (anger, depression, and marital distress), (2) facilitating resolution of the couple's conflicts, and (3) building communication and conflict resolution skills. The literature review focuses on why combining individual and couple therapy is often important for married clients. “Two Bicycles,” an illustrative case incorporating both conjoint and individual interventions, is presented and analyzed with regard to when each format seems beneficial. Ethical and practical issues raised by dual format treatment include potential harm, informed consent, dual roles, confidentiality, and time and financial costs.
This article explores the relationship between conflict and violence through a review of the lite... more This article explores the relationship between conflict and violence through a review of the literature about young children's conflict with their peers. Information about the nature of young children's conflicts and how teachers respond is presented and discussed in relation to 3 questions. First, do conflicts between children lead to violence? Second, what constitutes competent conflict resolution behavior? Third, how do children develop competent conflict resolution skills? This review of the literature indicates that conflicts between children do not naturally lead to violence. Rather, it is when children are unable to resolve their own conflicts, and when they are not supported in their efforts at resolutions, that violence is likely to result. While conflicts with peers provide a natural opportunity for children to develop competent conflict resolution skills, teachers must provide assistance as needed. Suggestions for further reading on this topic are provided.
Rationale Chronic cannabis use has been related to deficits in cognition (particularly memory) an... more Rationale Chronic cannabis use has been related to deficits in cognition (particularly memory) and the normal functioning of brain structures sensitive to cannabinoids. There is increasing evidence that conflict monitoring and resolution processes (i.e. the ability to detect and respond to change) may be affected. Objectives This study examined the ability to inhibit an automatic reading response in order to activate a more difficult naming response (i.e. conflict resolution) in a variant of the discrete trial Stroop colour-naming task. Methods Event-related brain potentials to neutral, congruent and incongruent trials were compared between 21 cannabis users (mean 16.4 years of near daily use) in the unintoxicated state and 19 non-using controls. Results Cannabis users showed increased errors on colour-incongruent trials (e.g. “RED” printed in blue ink) but no performance differences from controls on colour congruent (e.g. “RED” printed in red ink) or neutral trials (e.g. “*****” printed in green ink). Poorer incongruent trial performance was predicted by an earlier age of onset of regular cannabis use. Users showed altered expression of a late sustained potential related to conflict resolution, evident by opposite patterns of activity between trial types at midline and central sites, and altered relationships between neurophysiological and behavioural outcome measures not evident in the control group. Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic use of cannabis may impair the brain’s ability to respond optimally in the presence of events that require conflict resolution and hold implications for the ability to refrain from substance misuse and/or maintain substance abstention behaviours.
Globally active organizations and many virtual team based work structures are facing the challeng... more Globally active organizations and many virtual team based work structures are facing the challenge of a physically distributed workplace despite the necessity to closely interact among team members. While videoconferencing (VC) promises to replace the need for face-to-face meetings, this new medium also implies new cultural challenges. But what are the problems inherent to the social dynamics of videoconferencing usage in remote collaboration and what are mechanisms to overcome such conflicts? Based on an intense review of literature as well as a total of three case studies with multinational enterprises we identify nine major problems in VC and propose an adopted conflict management method for videoconferencing
Historically, surgeons have had little formal training in conflict resolution; however, there has... more Historically, surgeons have had little formal training in conflict resolution; however, there has been an increasing body of evidence that poor conflict resolution skills may have an adverse impact on patient outcomes and career advancement. Furthermore, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recognized the importance of conflict resolution skills in resident training by mandating the training of communication skills and professionalism. These skills have often been taught in other professions, and surgeons may need to acquaint themselves with the literature from those fields. Conflict resolution techniques such as the 7-step model or principle-based conflict resolution can be applied to conflict in the operating room, wards, and among colleagues. We propose a model for conflict resolution by using the basic tools of the history and physical exam, a process well known to all physicians.
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Jan 1, 2006
The safety of flights, and, in particular, separation assurance, is one of the main tasks of air ... more The safety of flights, and, in particular, separation assurance, is one of the main tasks of air traffic control (ATC). Conflict resolution refers to the process used by ATCs to prevent loss of separation. Conflict resolution involves issuing instructions to aircraft to avoid loss of safe separation between them and, at the same time, direct them to their destinations. Conflict resolution requires decision making in the face of the considerable levels of uncertainty inherent in the motion of aircraft. In this paper, a framework for conflict resolution that allows one to take into account such levels of uncertainty using a stochastic simulator is presented. The conflict resolution task is posed as the problem of optimizing an expected value criterion. It is then shown how the cost criterion can be selected to ensure an upper bound on the probability of conflict for the optimal maneuver. Optimization of the expected value resolution criterion is carried out through an iterative procedure based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Simulation examples inspired by current ATC practice in terminal maneuvering areas and approach sectors illustrate the proposed conflict resolution strategy
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Papers by Bernice Nartey