One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes th... more One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes through pollen-mediated gene flow. Since 2009, transgenic canola (Brassica napus) contained herbicide resistant gene is being unintentionally released into the Korean ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify alternative herbicides to eliminate transgenic canola under greenhouse and field conditions in 2018 and 2019, Daejeon South Korea. Four preand five post-emergence herbicides were used at 1x and 2x recommended rates as a chemical treatment. The growth parameters of the trial plant and control efficacy of the herbicides determined separately according to the application method (pre and post) and experimental condition (greenhouse and field). Except glufosinate-ammonium, all the post-emergent herbicides including bentazone, fluthiacet-methyl, MCPA and bentazone sodium had almost 100% canola control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. Regarding the pre-emergence herbicides...
Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in ... more Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in many agricultural crop fields. The continuous use of glyphosate has resulted in the spontaneous occurrences of resistant biotypes. This research was conducted to investigate the response of suspected C. canadensis biotypes to glyphosate. Seeds of C. canadensis were collected from 18 sites in tangerine orchards in Jeju province of Korea. In the preliminary screening, 6 resistant and 12 susceptible biotypes were found at the recommended glyphosate rate (3.28 kg a.i. ha-1). The susceptible biotypes were completely killed at the field application rate whereas the resistant biotypes were initially injured but recovered 14 days after glyphosate application. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance found in Korea despite the national ban on genetically modified glyphosate tolerant crops cultivation. Extended monitoring should be conducted to understand how widely spread the glyphosate re...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
Expected climatic changes likely elicit serious challenges for crop production. Therefore, it is ... more Expected climatic changes likely elicit serious challenges for crop production. Therefore, it is indispensable to investigate the response of crop growth parameters and yield under temperature variability environments. The current experiment on chilli pepper growth was conducted in a field, rain-shelter plastic house, and plastic greenhouse, with accumulated temperatures of 2832 °C, 2967 °C, and 3105 °C in 2017; and 2944 °C, 3091 °C, and 3168 °C in 2018 growing seasons. Based on soil analysis, 132.7 kg ha−1 (1× of livestock manure compost as an optimum and 265.4 kg ha−1 (2×) as a double amount of organic matter were applied to each simulated temperature condition. The results showed that organic manure application favorably affects the growth attributes and nutrient uptake of chilli pepper with the highest values found in the plastic greenhouse, followed by the rain-shelter house, over the open field cultivation condition. The highest growth of chilli pepper was at the 2× rate of or...
O conhecimento de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas pode contribuir signif... more O conhecimento de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas pode contribuir significativamente para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para seu manejo. Emilia sonchifolia é uma espécie de ampla disseminação em todo o território brasileiro e apresenta moderada agressividade, sendo encontrada em áreas agrícolas, terrenos baldios e áreas urbanas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a germinação das sementes de E. sonchifolia em diferentes condições ambientais. Foram realizados quatro experimentos: combinação de quatro temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC) em duas condições de luz (ausência e presença); sete níveis de restrição hídrica proporcionada por PEG6000 (0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; e -1,0 MPa); seis níveis de estresse salino proporcionado pelo NaCl (0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; e -1,0 MPa) e seis níveis de pH (3,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 9,0; e 11,0) em solução tamponada. A germinação das sementes de E. sonchifolia foi maximizada na presença de luz, em tempera...
Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing... more Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing in weed management worldwide including Korea. Herbicide application reduces the time spent on weed control. However, the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become widespread as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by agricultural management activities. If an herbicide with the same mechanisms of action is used repeatedly and intensively, it can rapidly select for a weed biotype that shifts toward difficult-to-control becoming a more tolerant weed and lead to the evolution of herbicideresistant weeds. Moreover, agricultural and biological factors have an important role in the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds relies on reducing selection through the diversification of weed control techniques. The resistance management of weeds in the future will strongly depend on intensive cropping s...
One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes th... more One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes through pollen-mediated gene flow. Since 2009, transgenic canola (Brassica napus) contained herbicide resistant gene is being unintentionally released into the Korean ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify alternative herbicides to eliminate transgenic canola under greenhouse and field conditions in 2018 and 2019, Daejeon South Korea. Four preand five post-emergence herbicides were used at 1x and 2x recommended rates as a chemical treatment. The growth parameters of the trial plant and control efficacy of the herbicides determined separately according to the application method (pre and post) and experimental condition (greenhouse and field). Except glufosinate-ammonium, all the post-emergent herbicides including bentazone, fluthiacet-methyl, MCPA and bentazone sodium had almost 100% canola control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. Regarding the pre-emergence herbicides...
Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in ... more Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in many agricultural crop fields. The continuous use of glyphosate has resulted in the spontaneous occurrences of resistant biotypes. This research was conducted to investigate the response of suspected C. canadensis biotypes to glyphosate. Seeds of C. canadensis were collected from 18 sites in tangerine orchards in Jeju province of Korea. In the preliminary screening, 6 resistant and 12 susceptible biotypes were found at the recommended glyphosate rate (3.28 kg a.i. ha-1). The susceptible biotypes were completely killed at the field application rate whereas the resistant biotypes were initially injured but recovered 14 days after glyphosate application. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance found in Korea despite the national ban on genetically modified glyphosate tolerant crops cultivation. Extended monitoring should be conducted to understand how widely spread the glyphosate re...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
Expected climatic changes likely elicit serious challenges for crop production. Therefore, it is ... more Expected climatic changes likely elicit serious challenges for crop production. Therefore, it is indispensable to investigate the response of crop growth parameters and yield under temperature variability environments. The current experiment on chilli pepper growth was conducted in a field, rain-shelter plastic house, and plastic greenhouse, with accumulated temperatures of 2832 °C, 2967 °C, and 3105 °C in 2017; and 2944 °C, 3091 °C, and 3168 °C in 2018 growing seasons. Based on soil analysis, 132.7 kg ha−1 (1× of livestock manure compost as an optimum and 265.4 kg ha−1 (2×) as a double amount of organic matter were applied to each simulated temperature condition. The results showed that organic manure application favorably affects the growth attributes and nutrient uptake of chilli pepper with the highest values found in the plastic greenhouse, followed by the rain-shelter house, over the open field cultivation condition. The highest growth of chilli pepper was at the 2× rate of or...
O conhecimento de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas pode contribuir signif... more O conhecimento de informações básicas sobre a biologia de plantas daninhas pode contribuir significativamente para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para seu manejo. Emilia sonchifolia é uma espécie de ampla disseminação em todo o território brasileiro e apresenta moderada agressividade, sendo encontrada em áreas agrícolas, terrenos baldios e áreas urbanas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a germinação das sementes de E. sonchifolia em diferentes condições ambientais. Foram realizados quatro experimentos: combinação de quatro temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC) em duas condições de luz (ausência e presença); sete níveis de restrição hídrica proporcionada por PEG6000 (0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; e -1,0 MPa); seis níveis de estresse salino proporcionado pelo NaCl (0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; e -1,0 MPa) e seis níveis de pH (3,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 9,0; e 11,0) em solução tamponada. A germinação das sementes de E. sonchifolia foi maximizada na presença de luz, em tempera...
Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing... more Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing in weed management worldwide including Korea. Herbicide application reduces the time spent on weed control. However, the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become widespread as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by agricultural management activities. If an herbicide with the same mechanisms of action is used repeatedly and intensively, it can rapidly select for a weed biotype that shifts toward difficult-to-control becoming a more tolerant weed and lead to the evolution of herbicideresistant weeds. Moreover, agricultural and biological factors have an important role in the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds relies on reducing selection through the diversification of weed control techniques. The resistance management of weeds in the future will strongly depend on intensive cropping s...
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