IntroductionThere are several prognostic scores for the assessment of risk of atrial fibrillation... more IntroductionThere are several prognostic scores for the assessment of risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence post ablation procedure. However, the use of these complex scores is difficult and the validation on different populations brought divergent results. Our goal was to compare the performance of these risk scores as the basis for the development of a new, simplified score based only on few universally predictive variables.MethodsAll cryoballoon‐based AF ablations performed in a single‐center over a 10‐year period were prospectively analyzed with regard to AF recurrence. This served to analyze the performance of APPLE, CAAP‐AF, SCALE‐CryoAF, MB‐LATER, CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc risk scores.ResultsA total of 597 patients, mostly (78.1%) with paroxysmal AF were studied. Analyzed risk scores performed poorer than in the original publications because some risk factors were not predictive of AF recurrence. A simplified score named 0‐1‐2 PL, composed of just two universally predict...
BackgroundDuring permanent deep septal pacing, it is important to confirm left bundle branch (LBB... more BackgroundDuring permanent deep septal pacing, it is important to confirm left bundle branch (LBB) capture.ObjectiveThe effective refractory period (ERP) of the working myocardium is different than the ERP of the LBB; we hypothesized that it should be possible to differentiate LBB capture from septal myocardial capture using programmed extra-stimulus technique.MethodsIn consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker implantation who received pacing lead in a deep septal position programmed pacing was delivered from this lead. Responses to programmed pacing were categorized on the basis of QRS morphology of the extrastimuli as: myocardial (broader QRS, often slurred), selective (narrower QRS, preceded by an isoelectric interval) or non-diagnostic (unequivocal change).ResultsProgrammed deep septal pacing was performed 269 times in 143 patients; in every patient with the use of an 8-beat basic drive train of 600 ms and when possible also during supraventricular rhythm. Responses diagnostic ...
Aims: Permanent pacing of the His bundle (HB) is usually accompanied by simultaneous capture of t... more Aims: Permanent pacing of the His bundle (HB) is usually accompanied by simultaneous capture of the adjacent right ventricular (RV) myocardium - this is described as a non-selective (ns)-HB pacing. Our aim was to identify ECG criteria for loss of HB capture during ns-HB pacing. Methods: Consecutive patients with permanent HB pacing were recruited. 12-lead ECGs during ns-HB pacing and loss of HB capture (RV-only capture) were obtained. ECG criteria for loss / presence of HB capture were identified. In the validation phase these criteria and the HB ECG algorithm were tested by two blinded observers using a separate, sizable set of ECGs. Results: A total of 353 ECG (226 ns-HB and 128 RV-only) were obtained from 226 patients with permanent HB pacing devices. QRS notch/slur in left ventricular leads and R wave peak time in lead V6 were identified as the best features for differentiation. The 2-step HB ECG algorithm based on these features correctly classified 87.1% of cases with sensitiv...
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in Poland and in Europe. Children rarel... more Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in Poland and in Europe. Children rarely suffer from them, although most of the risk factors which accelerate progression of atherosclerosis commence in childhood, including: dyslipidemias, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover during last few years the incidence of some of risk factors in children, such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia has increased significantly. It is known from the autopsy studies that atherosclerosis can be identified at very young age in healthy children. In adult population medications such as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) have strong position confirmed by many multicenter clinical trials. They significantly reduce cardiovascular risk and increase life expectancy. Latest recommendations on management of hyperlipidemias in children expand indications for screening of lipid level imbalances and indicate statins as main pharmacotherapy after fa...
The evidence relating blood pressure to salt intake in humans originates from population studies ... more The evidence relating blood pressure to salt intake in humans originates from population studies and randomized clinical trials of interventions on dietary salt intake. Estimates from meta-analyses of trials in normotensive subjects generally are similar to estimates derived from prospective population studies (+1.7-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure per 100 mmol increment in 24-hour urinary sodium). This estimate, however, does not translate into an increased risk of incident hypertension in subjects consuming a high-salt diet. The meta-analyses of intervention trials have consistently shown that potassium supplementation is associated with lowering of blood pressure. However, prospective studies relating health outcomes to 24-hour urinary sodium and/or potassium excretion produced inconsistent results. Taken together, available evidence does not support the current recommendations of a generalized and indiscriminate reduction of salt intake at the population level, although the blood-pressure lowering effect of dietary sodium restriction might be of value in hypertensive patients. Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients or healthy persons is not recommended by the current guidelines, but importance of adhering to healthy diet rich in vegetables and fruits is emphasized.
IntroductionThere are several prognostic scores for the assessment of risk of atrial fibrillation... more IntroductionThere are several prognostic scores for the assessment of risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence post ablation procedure. However, the use of these complex scores is difficult and the validation on different populations brought divergent results. Our goal was to compare the performance of these risk scores as the basis for the development of a new, simplified score based only on few universally predictive variables.MethodsAll cryoballoon‐based AF ablations performed in a single‐center over a 10‐year period were prospectively analyzed with regard to AF recurrence. This served to analyze the performance of APPLE, CAAP‐AF, SCALE‐CryoAF, MB‐LATER, CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc risk scores.ResultsA total of 597 patients, mostly (78.1%) with paroxysmal AF were studied. Analyzed risk scores performed poorer than in the original publications because some risk factors were not predictive of AF recurrence. A simplified score named 0‐1‐2 PL, composed of just two universally predict...
BackgroundDuring permanent deep septal pacing, it is important to confirm left bundle branch (LBB... more BackgroundDuring permanent deep septal pacing, it is important to confirm left bundle branch (LBB) capture.ObjectiveThe effective refractory period (ERP) of the working myocardium is different than the ERP of the LBB; we hypothesized that it should be possible to differentiate LBB capture from septal myocardial capture using programmed extra-stimulus technique.MethodsIn consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker implantation who received pacing lead in a deep septal position programmed pacing was delivered from this lead. Responses to programmed pacing were categorized on the basis of QRS morphology of the extrastimuli as: myocardial (broader QRS, often slurred), selective (narrower QRS, preceded by an isoelectric interval) or non-diagnostic (unequivocal change).ResultsProgrammed deep septal pacing was performed 269 times in 143 patients; in every patient with the use of an 8-beat basic drive train of 600 ms and when possible also during supraventricular rhythm. Responses diagnostic ...
Aims: Permanent pacing of the His bundle (HB) is usually accompanied by simultaneous capture of t... more Aims: Permanent pacing of the His bundle (HB) is usually accompanied by simultaneous capture of the adjacent right ventricular (RV) myocardium - this is described as a non-selective (ns)-HB pacing. Our aim was to identify ECG criteria for loss of HB capture during ns-HB pacing. Methods: Consecutive patients with permanent HB pacing were recruited. 12-lead ECGs during ns-HB pacing and loss of HB capture (RV-only capture) were obtained. ECG criteria for loss / presence of HB capture were identified. In the validation phase these criteria and the HB ECG algorithm were tested by two blinded observers using a separate, sizable set of ECGs. Results: A total of 353 ECG (226 ns-HB and 128 RV-only) were obtained from 226 patients with permanent HB pacing devices. QRS notch/slur in left ventricular leads and R wave peak time in lead V6 were identified as the best features for differentiation. The 2-step HB ECG algorithm based on these features correctly classified 87.1% of cases with sensitiv...
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in Poland and in Europe. Children rarel... more Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in Poland and in Europe. Children rarely suffer from them, although most of the risk factors which accelerate progression of atherosclerosis commence in childhood, including: dyslipidemias, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover during last few years the incidence of some of risk factors in children, such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia has increased significantly. It is known from the autopsy studies that atherosclerosis can be identified at very young age in healthy children. In adult population medications such as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) have strong position confirmed by many multicenter clinical trials. They significantly reduce cardiovascular risk and increase life expectancy. Latest recommendations on management of hyperlipidemias in children expand indications for screening of lipid level imbalances and indicate statins as main pharmacotherapy after fa...
The evidence relating blood pressure to salt intake in humans originates from population studies ... more The evidence relating blood pressure to salt intake in humans originates from population studies and randomized clinical trials of interventions on dietary salt intake. Estimates from meta-analyses of trials in normotensive subjects generally are similar to estimates derived from prospective population studies (+1.7-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure per 100 mmol increment in 24-hour urinary sodium). This estimate, however, does not translate into an increased risk of incident hypertension in subjects consuming a high-salt diet. The meta-analyses of intervention trials have consistently shown that potassium supplementation is associated with lowering of blood pressure. However, prospective studies relating health outcomes to 24-hour urinary sodium and/or potassium excretion produced inconsistent results. Taken together, available evidence does not support the current recommendations of a generalized and indiscriminate reduction of salt intake at the population level, although the blood-pressure lowering effect of dietary sodium restriction might be of value in hypertensive patients. Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients or healthy persons is not recommended by the current guidelines, but importance of adhering to healthy diet rich in vegetables and fruits is emphasized.
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