D. Clark Dickin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Performance presented on February... more D. Clark Dickin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Performance presented on February 15, 2002. Title: Sensory Integration during Balance in Individuals with Differing Degrees of Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type. ... Individuals with Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer ...
This study was performed to examine the effects of movement velocity and eccentric contractions o... more This study was performed to examine the effects of movement velocity and eccentric contractions on the bilateral deficit. To accomplish this, 18 participants performed bilateral and unilateral contractions eccentrically and concentrically across 6 movement velocities (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}/s). Repeated measures ANOVA's revealed that for both eccentric and concentric contractions, significant differences existed between bilateral and summed unilateral contractions; and at each of the six tested velocities. Further analyses revealed that the degree of the bilateral deficit increased as movement velocity increased. It is believed that the decreased tension developed during bilateral eccentric and concentric contractions, is attributed to incomplete activation of fast twitch muscle fibers recruited during unilateral contractions.
Objectives: As adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are surviving longer, interventions are needed to ... more Objectives: As adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are surviving longer, interventions are needed to reduce spasticity and increase strength to improve mobility and life quality. Adults with CP are lacking a form of independent exercise that allows them to maintain or improve their ambulation skills. A new approach to increase muscle strength and flexibility called whole-body vibration (WBV) was assessed. Methods: Using an individualized frequency (I-Freq) approach to WBV therapy the acute effects on gait in adults with CP was measured. In this study, eight adults with CP (age 20-51 years, two female) participated in two testing sessions: session one determined each individual's I-Freq; and session two included a 3D gait analysis before and after a WBV treatment. The WBV was administered in five, one minute bouts of vibration followed by one minute of rest. Results: Following WBV exposure subjects experienced a significant increase in walking speed (P=0.047), stride length (P=0.017) and dynamic ankle range of motion (P=0.042). Conclusions: These data show that acute WBV treatments at I-Freq can improve measures of gait and mobility in adults with CP, however, future should assess potential long-term improvements.
Walking is a popular form of exercise and is associated with many health benefits; however, front... more Walking is a popular form of exercise and is associated with many health benefits; however, frontal-plane knee joint loading brought about by a large internal knee-abduction moment and cyclic loading could lead to cartilage degeneration over time. Therefore, knee joint mechanics during an alternative walking exercise needs to be analyzed. The purpose of this study was to examine the lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes during incline walking. Fifteen healthy males walked on a treadmill at five gradients (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 1.34m/s, and lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes were quantified. The peak internal knee-abduction moment significantly decreased from the level walking condition at all gradients except 5%. Also, a negative relationship between the internal knee-abduction moment and the treadmill gradient was found to exist in 10% increments (0-10%, 5-15%, and 10-20%). The decrease in the internal knee-abduction moment during incline walking could have positive effects on knee joint health such as potentially reducing cartilage degeneration of the knee joint, reducing pain, and decreasing the rate of development of medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. This would be beneficial for a knee surgery patient, obese persons, and older adults who are using incline walking for rehabilitation and exercise protocols. Findings from the current study can provide guidance for the development of rehabilitation and exercise prescriptions incorporating incline walking.
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Jul 1, 2019
BACKGROUND Anticipation has been previously shown to affect lower extremity mechanics during both... more BACKGROUND Anticipation has been previously shown to affect lower extremity mechanics during both landing and cutting maneuvers. However, little research has been conducted looking at the effects of anticipation on lower body kinetics and kinematics during a land and cross step maneuver, which due to similar kinematics, may elicit injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate competitive female volleyball players and the effect of anticipation on lower extremity mechanics during a landing and subsequent cross stepping maneuver. METHODS Twelve female, college-level volleyball players performed right and left cross step maneuvers following a landing under anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Kinetics were measured for the ankle, knee and hip of the dominant limb during the landing phase of the land and cross step anticipatory conditions. RESULTS An interaction effect (anticipation x direction; P=0.001) was observed for vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), in which greater VGRF was found during unanticipated pivoting maneuvers. Additional interaction effects were determined for ankle (P=0.004) and hip (P=0.037) power absorption, in which greater absorption was found during anticipated, push off conditions. Frontal plant knee kinetics revealed a higher-order interaction, as a larger knee adduction moment was shown during anticipated, push off trials (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS High risk cross step maneuvers were found during unanticipated and anticipated conditions, as athletes demonstrated movement mechanics that may increase the risk of knee injury when performing movements away from the dominant limb. Consideration should be given to drills familiarizing volleyball players with unanticipated and anticipated changes of direction, as well as improving strength of the lower extremity muscles required to effectively decelerate the body, as both training modalities may minimize injury risk during cross step maneuvers.
D. Clark Dickin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Performance presented on February... more D. Clark Dickin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Performance presented on February 15, 2002. Title: Sensory Integration during Balance in Individuals with Differing Degrees of Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type. ... Individuals with Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer ...
This study was performed to examine the effects of movement velocity and eccentric contractions o... more This study was performed to examine the effects of movement velocity and eccentric contractions on the bilateral deficit. To accomplish this, 18 participants performed bilateral and unilateral contractions eccentrically and concentrically across 6 movement velocities (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}/s). Repeated measures ANOVA's revealed that for both eccentric and concentric contractions, significant differences existed between bilateral and summed unilateral contractions; and at each of the six tested velocities. Further analyses revealed that the degree of the bilateral deficit increased as movement velocity increased. It is believed that the decreased tension developed during bilateral eccentric and concentric contractions, is attributed to incomplete activation of fast twitch muscle fibers recruited during unilateral contractions.
Objectives: As adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are surviving longer, interventions are needed to ... more Objectives: As adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are surviving longer, interventions are needed to reduce spasticity and increase strength to improve mobility and life quality. Adults with CP are lacking a form of independent exercise that allows them to maintain or improve their ambulation skills. A new approach to increase muscle strength and flexibility called whole-body vibration (WBV) was assessed. Methods: Using an individualized frequency (I-Freq) approach to WBV therapy the acute effects on gait in adults with CP was measured. In this study, eight adults with CP (age 20-51 years, two female) participated in two testing sessions: session one determined each individual's I-Freq; and session two included a 3D gait analysis before and after a WBV treatment. The WBV was administered in five, one minute bouts of vibration followed by one minute of rest. Results: Following WBV exposure subjects experienced a significant increase in walking speed (P=0.047), stride length (P=0.017) and dynamic ankle range of motion (P=0.042). Conclusions: These data show that acute WBV treatments at I-Freq can improve measures of gait and mobility in adults with CP, however, future should assess potential long-term improvements.
Walking is a popular form of exercise and is associated with many health benefits; however, front... more Walking is a popular form of exercise and is associated with many health benefits; however, frontal-plane knee joint loading brought about by a large internal knee-abduction moment and cyclic loading could lead to cartilage degeneration over time. Therefore, knee joint mechanics during an alternative walking exercise needs to be analyzed. The purpose of this study was to examine the lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes during incline walking. Fifteen healthy males walked on a treadmill at five gradients (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 1.34m/s, and lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes were quantified. The peak internal knee-abduction moment significantly decreased from the level walking condition at all gradients except 5%. Also, a negative relationship between the internal knee-abduction moment and the treadmill gradient was found to exist in 10% increments (0-10%, 5-15%, and 10-20%). The decrease in the internal knee-abduction moment during incline walking could have positive effects on knee joint health such as potentially reducing cartilage degeneration of the knee joint, reducing pain, and decreasing the rate of development of medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. This would be beneficial for a knee surgery patient, obese persons, and older adults who are using incline walking for rehabilitation and exercise protocols. Findings from the current study can provide guidance for the development of rehabilitation and exercise prescriptions incorporating incline walking.
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Jul 1, 2019
BACKGROUND Anticipation has been previously shown to affect lower extremity mechanics during both... more BACKGROUND Anticipation has been previously shown to affect lower extremity mechanics during both landing and cutting maneuvers. However, little research has been conducted looking at the effects of anticipation on lower body kinetics and kinematics during a land and cross step maneuver, which due to similar kinematics, may elicit injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate competitive female volleyball players and the effect of anticipation on lower extremity mechanics during a landing and subsequent cross stepping maneuver. METHODS Twelve female, college-level volleyball players performed right and left cross step maneuvers following a landing under anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Kinetics were measured for the ankle, knee and hip of the dominant limb during the landing phase of the land and cross step anticipatory conditions. RESULTS An interaction effect (anticipation x direction; P=0.001) was observed for vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), in which greater VGRF was found during unanticipated pivoting maneuvers. Additional interaction effects were determined for ankle (P=0.004) and hip (P=0.037) power absorption, in which greater absorption was found during anticipated, push off conditions. Frontal plant knee kinetics revealed a higher-order interaction, as a larger knee adduction moment was shown during anticipated, push off trials (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS High risk cross step maneuvers were found during unanticipated and anticipated conditions, as athletes demonstrated movement mechanics that may increase the risk of knee injury when performing movements away from the dominant limb. Consideration should be given to drills familiarizing volleyball players with unanticipated and anticipated changes of direction, as well as improving strength of the lower extremity muscles required to effectively decelerate the body, as both training modalities may minimize injury risk during cross step maneuvers.
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