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Le salaire dépend-il du sexe du supérieur?

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  • Godechot, Olivier
Abstract
Les supérieurs femmes promeuvent-elles une plus grande égalité salariale entre hommes et femmes ? Par ailleurs, même si elles voulaient promouvoir plus d'égalité, elles pourraient manquer de pouvoir, non seulement pour mettre en oeuvre cette politique mais aussi pour améliorer les salaires de l'ensemble de leurs subordonnés hommes comme femmes. En nous fondant sur l'enquête SalSa et l'enquête COI, nous montrons que les différentiels de salaires entre hommes et femmes sont effectivement plus faibles lorsque le supérieur est de sexe féminin. Cette position est toutefois associée à des salaires plus faibles pour l'ensemble des subordonnés. La faiblesse relative des salaires sous la supervision d'une femme peut être liée à des biais de sélection : les femmes deviendraient plus facilement des supérieures dans des secteurs, des métiers, des services moins valorisés, où les salaires sont plus faibles. Même en multipliant les contrôles des effets de sélection mesurables, les salariés qui ont un supérieur femme touchent 2,5 à 4 % de moins que ceux qui ont un supérieur homme. En revanche, même si le phénomène demande encore plus ample confirmation, cet écart de salaire en fonction du sexe du supérieur semble plus important lorsque le salarié est un homme que lorsqu'il est une femme. Sous l'encadrement d'une femme, les écarts hommes-femmes seraient de ce fait réduits de 30 % à 85 %. L'interprétation de ce phénomène n'en est encore qu'à ses débuts. Quatre pistes sont proposées : des différences inobservées entre les positions d'encadrement masculines et féminines, l'impact à position hiérarchique identique de caractéristiques individuelles corrélées au sexe du supérieur, la différence de disposition des hommes et des femmes vis-à-vis de la négociation et de la compétition, et enfin un comportement discriminatoire des entreprises à l'égard des demandes des femmes.

Suggested Citation

  • Godechot, Olivier, 2013. "Le salaire dépend-il du sexe du supérieur?," MaxPo Discussion Paper Series 13/4, Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies (MaxPo).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:maxpod:134
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