Abstract KidSim and Puppeteer are two authoring tools that allow non-programmers to create and cu... more Abstract KidSim and Puppeteer are two authoring tools that allow non-programmers to create and customize interactive educational simulations. KidSim and Puppeteer illustrate the effectiveness of task specific authoring tools as an approach to making complex software that is customizable. In this paper, a brief description of these two task specific tools is provided, and then enabling technology for building task specific tools is discussed
Definitions PG&S establishes relationships between properties of graphic objects. Graphic objects... more Definitions PG&S establishes relationships between properties of graphic objects. Graphic objects (like arectangle or a button) can be thought of ashaving 10properties which define their bounding rectangle: a lef~ right, top, & bottom side, ahorizontat & vertical center, and a lef~ right, top, & bottom location. The difference between a side and a lccation is that if you change a location of an objec~ the object will stay the same size and move, whereas if you change a side of an object, the object will stretch or shrink.
I'd like to take this opportunity to remember and thank the following people for their counsel, f... more I'd like to take this opportunity to remember and thank the following people for their counsel, friendship, and encouragement: To Elliot Soloway, my ever-enthusiastic advisor, who first kindled my interest in studying student programmers, supported my research, got me a Mac II when I wanted one, taught me about writing and presenting research papers, and provided numerous opportunities for me to learn something about the" academic game"; I'll stop here, but the list could go on and on. Thanks.
Abstract Dynamic programming is used in speech recognition to search efficiently for word sequenc... more Abstract Dynamic programming is used in speech recognition to search efficiently for word sequences whose templates best match acoustic data. The search is constrained by finite-state networks embodying grammatical rules.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate whether or not most novice programming bugs arise because ... more Abstract In this paper, we investigate whether or not most novice programming bugs arise because students have misconceptions about the semantics of particular language constructs. Three high frequency bugs are examined in detail—one that clearly arises from a construct-based misconception, one that does not, and one that is less cut and dry. Based on our empirical study of 101 bug types from three programming problems, we will argue that most bugs are not due to misconceptions about the semantics of language constructs.
[57] ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for formulating and responding to an inquiry through an inte... more [57] ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for formulating and responding to an inquiry through an interface which is topically organized. The dialogue system interface is comprised of various topical objects wherein each domain object has a set of object values. Selection of a desired object value of a domain object yields a set of potential inquiries, corresponding to the selected value, for selection. A selected inquiry is transmitted to an underlying system for formulation of a response.
There are many different normative frameworks for describing service systems that take a distinct... more There are many different normative frameworks for describing service systems that take a distinct conceptual perspective. They emphasize the physical arrangement or topology, the functions or processes, the chronology of experience, the causality of value creation, the flow of information or people, or other characteristics. These frameworks are deeply embedded in service system research and design practice, but we have not known how useful or natural they are.
Services systems can range from an individual to a firm to an entire nation. They can also be nes... more Services systems can range from an individual to a firm to an entire nation. They can also be nested and composed of other service systems. They are configurations of people, information, technology and organizations to co-create value between a service customer and a provider (Maglio et al. 2006; Spohrer et al. 2007). While these configurations can take many, potentially infinite, forms, they can be optimized for the subject service to eliminate unnecessary costs in the forms of redundancies, over allocation, etc.
Why do we need these two books on the science of service systems? The short answer is because the... more Why do we need these two books on the science of service systems? The short answer is because the concept of a service system is resonating well with academics from diverse disciplines and practitioners from diverse economic sectors. And yet, because this is such a new area, few compilations of the works of academics and practitioners exist.
IBM has historically been associated in student, faculty, and university administrators' minds wi... more IBM has historically been associated in student, faculty, and university administrators' minds with the core information technologies needed to run the world's most complex organizations and systems. In 1945, a few years before the transistor's invention, members of IBM's technical staff and faculty at Columbia University's Watson Scientific Computing Center were already co-teaching some of the earliest classes in what would eventually become the academic computer science discipline.
Service Systems Implementation provides the latest applications and practices aimed at improving ... more Service Systems Implementation provides the latest applications and practices aimed at improving the key performance indicators of service sytems, especially those related to service quality, service productivity, regulatory compliance, and sustainable service innovation.
Abstract: Explores the meaning of learning from the perspective of rapid technological change. Hi... more Abstract: Explores the meaning of learning from the perspective of rapid technological change. Highlights include content; online communities; context; learning and change; knowledge and the meaning of learning; learning to use technology properly; and future shifts in the meaning of learning.(LRW)
Abstract To evaluate the performance of a speech recognition system, large databases of labeled s... more Abstract To evaluate the performance of a speech recognition system, large databases of labeled speech, including various speakers, noise conditions, and vocabularies, are necessary. This paper describes a method for automatically labeling speech data. In the past, speech has been labeled manually, typically by listening to and viewing waveforms through real-time, interactive computer I/O stations. This process is slow and tedious, and accounts for the shortage of large speech databases.
Historically, as new industries form at a national level, the three pillars of economic growth ha... more Historically, as new industries form at a national level, the three pillars of economic growth have been professions, infrastructure, and investment. More fully, these pillars are necessary skills and career development paths for new types of professionals (human capital), technological and institutional infrastructure (capital deepening and governance), and research and development (R&D) investment (innovation for efficiency and transformation).
Abstract KidSim and Puppeteer are two authoring tools that allow non-programmers to create and cu... more Abstract KidSim and Puppeteer are two authoring tools that allow non-programmers to create and customize interactive educational simulations. KidSim and Puppeteer illustrate the effectiveness of task specific authoring tools as an approach to making complex software that is customizable. In this paper, a brief description of these two task specific tools is provided, and then enabling technology for building task specific tools is discussed
Definitions PG&S establishes relationships between properties of graphic objects. Graphic objects... more Definitions PG&S establishes relationships between properties of graphic objects. Graphic objects (like arectangle or a button) can be thought of ashaving 10properties which define their bounding rectangle: a lef~ right, top, & bottom side, ahorizontat & vertical center, and a lef~ right, top, & bottom location. The difference between a side and a lccation is that if you change a location of an objec~ the object will stay the same size and move, whereas if you change a side of an object, the object will stretch or shrink.
I'd like to take this opportunity to remember and thank the following people for their counsel, f... more I'd like to take this opportunity to remember and thank the following people for their counsel, friendship, and encouragement: To Elliot Soloway, my ever-enthusiastic advisor, who first kindled my interest in studying student programmers, supported my research, got me a Mac II when I wanted one, taught me about writing and presenting research papers, and provided numerous opportunities for me to learn something about the" academic game"; I'll stop here, but the list could go on and on. Thanks.
Abstract Dynamic programming is used in speech recognition to search efficiently for word sequenc... more Abstract Dynamic programming is used in speech recognition to search efficiently for word sequences whose templates best match acoustic data. The search is constrained by finite-state networks embodying grammatical rules.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate whether or not most novice programming bugs arise because ... more Abstract In this paper, we investigate whether or not most novice programming bugs arise because students have misconceptions about the semantics of particular language constructs. Three high frequency bugs are examined in detail—one that clearly arises from a construct-based misconception, one that does not, and one that is less cut and dry. Based on our empirical study of 101 bug types from three programming problems, we will argue that most bugs are not due to misconceptions about the semantics of language constructs.
[57] ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for formulating and responding to an inquiry through an inte... more [57] ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for formulating and responding to an inquiry through an interface which is topically organized. The dialogue system interface is comprised of various topical objects wherein each domain object has a set of object values. Selection of a desired object value of a domain object yields a set of potential inquiries, corresponding to the selected value, for selection. A selected inquiry is transmitted to an underlying system for formulation of a response.
There are many different normative frameworks for describing service systems that take a distinct... more There are many different normative frameworks for describing service systems that take a distinct conceptual perspective. They emphasize the physical arrangement or topology, the functions or processes, the chronology of experience, the causality of value creation, the flow of information or people, or other characteristics. These frameworks are deeply embedded in service system research and design practice, but we have not known how useful or natural they are.
Services systems can range from an individual to a firm to an entire nation. They can also be nes... more Services systems can range from an individual to a firm to an entire nation. They can also be nested and composed of other service systems. They are configurations of people, information, technology and organizations to co-create value between a service customer and a provider (Maglio et al. 2006; Spohrer et al. 2007). While these configurations can take many, potentially infinite, forms, they can be optimized for the subject service to eliminate unnecessary costs in the forms of redundancies, over allocation, etc.
Why do we need these two books on the science of service systems? The short answer is because the... more Why do we need these two books on the science of service systems? The short answer is because the concept of a service system is resonating well with academics from diverse disciplines and practitioners from diverse economic sectors. And yet, because this is such a new area, few compilations of the works of academics and practitioners exist.
IBM has historically been associated in student, faculty, and university administrators' minds wi... more IBM has historically been associated in student, faculty, and university administrators' minds with the core information technologies needed to run the world's most complex organizations and systems. In 1945, a few years before the transistor's invention, members of IBM's technical staff and faculty at Columbia University's Watson Scientific Computing Center were already co-teaching some of the earliest classes in what would eventually become the academic computer science discipline.
Service Systems Implementation provides the latest applications and practices aimed at improving ... more Service Systems Implementation provides the latest applications and practices aimed at improving the key performance indicators of service sytems, especially those related to service quality, service productivity, regulatory compliance, and sustainable service innovation.
Abstract: Explores the meaning of learning from the perspective of rapid technological change. Hi... more Abstract: Explores the meaning of learning from the perspective of rapid technological change. Highlights include content; online communities; context; learning and change; knowledge and the meaning of learning; learning to use technology properly; and future shifts in the meaning of learning.(LRW)
Abstract To evaluate the performance of a speech recognition system, large databases of labeled s... more Abstract To evaluate the performance of a speech recognition system, large databases of labeled speech, including various speakers, noise conditions, and vocabularies, are necessary. This paper describes a method for automatically labeling speech data. In the past, speech has been labeled manually, typically by listening to and viewing waveforms through real-time, interactive computer I/O stations. This process is slow and tedious, and accounts for the shortage of large speech databases.
Historically, as new industries form at a national level, the three pillars of economic growth ha... more Historically, as new industries form at a national level, the three pillars of economic growth have been professions, infrastructure, and investment. More fully, these pillars are necessary skills and career development paths for new types of professionals (human capital), technological and institutional infrastructure (capital deepening and governance), and research and development (R&D) investment (innovation for efficiency and transformation).
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Papers by Jim Spohrer