In 2009, Bülow described POL-QAM [1] and Agrell and Karlsson reported the most power efficient 4D modulation format, the polarization-switched (PS-) QPSK [2].
A number of four-dimensional modulation formats are described theoretically and from an implementation point of view. The requirements for digital signal ...
Many important 4D modulation formats can be defined using 4D lattices. In the Z4 lattice, each point has integer coordinates, and as subsets of Z4 we find, e.g. ...
A number of four-dimensional modulation formats are described theoretically and from an implementation point of view. The requirements for digital signal ...
The 4D modulation formats applications are investigated mainly for long-haul transmission [13], but have also been demonstrated to have advantages for metro ...
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What are the different modulation formats?
Archived Files and Locations ; Type paper-conference ; Stage unknown ; Year 2014.
Two new four-dimensional modulation schemes, 4DTCM-SP-128QAM and 4DTCM-SP-128TQAM, are proposed with lower BER. The simulation show that they can obtain ...
Quadrant Multiplexing-based Geometrically Shaped Four ...
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Dual polarization (DP)-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is the most straightforward four-dimensional modulation format. Two polarization states are ...
We propose a 4-dimensional 2-ary amplitude ring-switched modulation format with 64 symbols, which is denoted as 4D-2A-RS64 encoded over two polarization ...
The four-dimensional (4D) signal constellation modulation format has been investigated for metro networks' applications to achieve better power efficiency. To ...