Svante Arrhenius

Svante Arrhenius
Beatha
Ainm slàn	Svante August Arrhenius
Breith	Balingsta parish (en) agus Uppsala, 19 dhen Ghearran 1859
Dùthaich	An t-Suain
Bàs	Stockholm, 2 dhen Dàmhair 1927
Àite-adhlacaidh	seann-chladh Uppsala
Nàdar a’ bhàis	(functional gastrointestinal disorder (en) )
Teaghlach
Athair	Svanta Gustav Arrhenius
Màthair	Carolina Christina Thunberg
Cèile	Sofia Rudbeck (en) (1894 - ; Maria Arrhenius (en) (1905 -
Clann	liosta Olof Arrhenius (en) ; Anna-Lisa Arrhenius (en) ;
Sinnsirean	liosta Greta Thunberg ();
Foghlam
Foghlam	Oilthigh Uppsala ; Oilthigh Stockholm
Stiùiriche an teusais	Per Teodor Cleve
Oileanaich dotaireachd	Oskar Klein (en)
Cànain	Suainis
Luchd-teagaisg	Per Teodor Cleve
Oileanaich	Oskar Klein (en)
Dreuchd
Dreuchd	reul-eòlaiche, ceimigear, fiosaigiche agus neach-teagaisg oilthigh
Fastaichean	Oilthigh Teicnigeach Riga ; Oilthigh Stockholm ; Oilthigh Uppsala
Duaisean a fhuaras	liosta Faraday Lectureship Prize (1914) ; Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd (1903) ; Willard Gibbs Award (1911) ; honorary doctor of the University of Edinburgh ; Davy Medal (1902) ; Silliman Memorial Lectures (1910) ; Franklin Medal (1920) ; honorary doctorate from the University of Cambridge ; Honorary doctor of the University of Groningen ; Honorary doctor of the Heidelberg University (8 dhen Lùnastal 1903) ; honorary doctor of the Leipzig University ; Honorary doctor of the University of Oxford ; honorary doctor of the University of Birmingham ; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; Ball Cèin den Chomann Rìoghail (Q15631401) (30 dhen Ògmhios 1910) ; Echegaray Medal (1919) ; doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris (1923) ;
Ainmeachadh airson duaisean	liosta Duais Nobel ann an Fiosag ; (1901) ; Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd ; (1901) ; Nobel ; (1902) ; Duais Nobel ann an Fiosag ; (1902) ; Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd ; (1903) ; Duais Nobel ann an Fiosag ; (1903) ; Duais Nobel ann an Leigheas ; (1912) ; Duais Nobel ann an Leigheas ; (1914);
Ballrachd	An Comann Rìoghail; Acadamh Rìoghail Shuaineach nan Saidheansan; Acadamh nan Saidheansan ann an Göttingen; Acadamh Ruiseanach nan Saidheansan; Acadamh Saidheansan an USSR; Acadamh Aimeireaga nan Ealan is nan Saidheans; Acadamh Nirribheach nan Saidheansan is Litrichean; Acadamh Rìoghail nan Tìrean Ìsle airson nan Ealan is Saidheansan; An Comann Fiosaig-grafach Rìoghail ann an Lund; Acadamh Shuaineach Rìoghail nan Saidheansan Einnseanaireachd; Comann Rìoghail nan Saidheansan is Litrichean ann an Göteborg; Acadamh Ruiseanach nan Saidheansan; Acadamh Dhanmhairgeach Rìoghail nan Saidheansan is Litrichean; Acadamh Nàiseanta nan Saidheans; Accademia delle Scienze di Torino
Creideamh
Creideamh	neo-dhiadhaireachd

B' e ceimigear às An t-Suain a bha ann an Svante Arrhenius (Vik 1859–Stockholm 1927). Bha e na oileanach aig Oilthigh Uppsala eadar 1876 agus 1881 nuair a dh'imrich e dhan Oilthigh Stockholm agus chuir e crìoch air a theusais, Recherches sur la conductibilité galvanique des électrolytes ann an 1884, anns an do lorg e gun nuair a sgaoileas salainn ann an uisge, bhriseas iad agus chruthaicheas iad aidheonan. Chaidh e na òraidiche aig Oilthigh Uppsala ann an 1884 agus shiubhal e do Riga, Würzburg, Graz agus do dh'Amsterdam. Chaidh e na ollamh aig Oilthigh Stockholm ann an 1895 agus ceannard an Institiud Nobel airson Ceimigeachd Fhiosaigeach ann an 1905.^[1]

Rinn e a chiad òraid riamh mu atharrachadh na gnàth-shìde aig Comann Fiosaigeach na Suaine ann an Stockholm ann an 1895 mun buaidh gualan dà-ogsaid san adhair air teòthachd air an talamh, anns an do dh'àireamhaich e buaidh meudachadh is lùghdachadh gualan dà-ogsaid san adhair air an Artaig is co-chruinne CO₂ san adhair aig àm Linn na Deighe.^[2] Thug e taic don teòiridh Panspermia, a chaidh a chruthachadh le Anaxagoras is chaidh a leasachadh le Hermann Richter, gun do thàinig beatha à planaidean eile, ann an òraid ann an 1908.^[3]

Urraman

Chaidh a cho-aontar a tha ceangal reat iom-obrachaidh do theòthachd ainmicheadh air.^[4] Bhuannaich e an Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd ann an 1903 airson an obrach aige mu leactroilisis.^[5]

Iomraidhean

↑ “Svante Arrhenius - Biographical”. Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.
↑ “Svante Arrhenius”. Earth Observatory, NASA. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.
↑ Fleischfresser, Stephen (24mh dhen Ghiblean 2018): “Over our heads: a brief history of panspermia,” ann an: Cosmos. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.
↑ (1997). ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.): “Arrhenius equation”, ann an: McNaught, A. D. ⁊ Wilkinson, A.: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Tionndadh XML ceartaichte air loidhne le M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; ùrachaidhean chruinnichte le A. Jenkins.
↑ “The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903”. Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.

Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd

1901: van't Hoff · 1902: Fischer · 1903: Arrhenius · 1904: Ramsay · 1905: von Baeyer · 1906: Moissan · 1907: Buchner · 1908: Rutherford · 1909: Ostwald · 1910: Wallach · 1911: Curie · 1912: Grignard, Sabatier · 1913: Werner · 1914: Richards · 1915: Willstatter · 1918: Haber · 1920: Nernst · 1921: Soddy · 1922: Aston · 1923: Pregl · 1925: Zsigmondy · 1926: Svedberg · 1927: Wieland · 1928: Windaus · 1929: Harden, von Euler-Chelpin · 1930: Fischer · 1931: Bosch, Bergius · 1932: Langmuir · 1934: Urey · 1935: F. Joliot-Curie, I. Joliot-Curie · 1936: Debye · 1937: Haworth, Karrer · 1938: Kuhn · 1939: Butenandt, Ružička · 1943: de Hevesy · 1944: Hahn · 1945: Virtanen · 1946: Sumner, Northrop, Stanley · 1947: Robinson · 1948: Tiselius · 1949: Giauque · 1950: Diels, Alder · 1951: McMillan, Seaborg · 1952: Martin, Synge · 1953: Staudinger · 1954: Pauling · 1955: du Vigneaud · 1956: Hinshelwood, Semyonov · 1957: Todd · 1958: Sanger · 1959: Heyrovský · 1960: Libby · 1961: Calvin · 1962: Perutz, Kendrew · 1963: Ziegler, Natta · 1964: Hodgkin · 1965: Woodward · 1966: Mulliken · 1967: Eigen, Norrish, Porter · 1968: Onsager · 1969: Barton, Hassel · 1970: Leloir · 1971: Herzberg · 1972: Anfinsen, Moore, Stein · 1973: Fischer, Wilkinson · 1974: Flory · 1975: Cornforth, Prelog · 1976: Lipscomb · 1977: Prigogine · 1978: Mitchell · 1979: Brown, Wittig · 1980: Berg, Gilbert, Sanger · 1981: Fukui, Hoffmann · 1982: Klug · 1983: Taube · 1984: Merrifield · 1985: Hauptman, Karle · 1986: Herschbach, Lee, Polanyi · 1987: Cram, Lehn, Pedersen · 1988: Deisenhofer, Huber, Michel · 1989: Altman, Cech · 1990: Corey · 1991: Ernst · 1992: Marcus · 1993: Mullis, M. Smith · 1994: Olah · 1995: Crutzen, Molina, Rowland · 1996: Curl, Kroto, Smalley · 1997: Boyer, Walker, Skou · 1998: Kohn, Pople · 1999: Zewail · 2000: Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirakawa · 2001: Knowles, Noyori, Sharpless · 2002: Wüthrich, Fenn, Tanaka · 2003: Agre, MacFionghain · 2004: Chiechanover, Hershko, Rose · 2005: Grubbs, Schrock, Chauvin · 2006: Kornberg · 2007: Ertl · 2008: Shimomura, Chalfie, Tsien · 2009: Ramakrishnan, Steitz, Yonath · 2010: Suzuki, Negishi, Richard Heck · 2011: Shechtman · 2012: Lefkowitz, Kobilka · 2013: Karplus, Levitt, Warshel · 2014: Betzig, Hell, Moerner · 2015: Lindahl, Modrich, Sancar · 2016: Sauvage, Stoddart, Feringa · 2017: Dubochet, Frank, Henderson · 2018: Arnold, G. Smith, Winter · 2019: Goodenough, Whittingham, Yoshino · 2020: Charpentier, Doudna · 2021: List, MacMillan · 2022: Bertozzi, Meldal, Sharpless · 2023: Bawendi, Brus, Ekimov · 2024; Baker, Hassabis, Jumper

[1] “Svante Arrhenius - Biographical”. Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.

[2] “Svante Arrhenius”. Earth Observatory, NASA. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.

[3] Fleischfresser, Stephen (24mh dhen Ghiblean 2018): “Over our heads: a brief history of panspermia,” ann an: Cosmos. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.

[4] (1997). ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.): “Arrhenius equation”, ann an: McNaught, A. D. ⁊ Wilkinson, A.: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Tionndadh XML ceartaichte air loidhne le M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; ùrachaidhean chruinnichte le A. Jenkins.

[5] “The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903”. Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 19mh dhen Ghearran 2019.

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