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1.
The University of Queensland and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Research Academy, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Authors
Chaudhary P
1
(1 author)
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Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Authors
Bhattacharjee A
2
Khatri S
2
(2 authors)
3.
The University of Queensland and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Research Academy, New Delhi 110016, India; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Authors
Dalal RC
3
Kopittke PM
3
(2 authors)
4.
The University of Queensland and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Research Academy, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Organic farming utilizes farmyard manure, compost, and organic wastes as sources of nutrients and organic matter. Soil under organic farming exhibits increased microbial diversity, and thus, becomes naturally suppressive to the development of soil-borne pathogens due to the latter's competition with resident microbial communities. Such soils that exhibit resistance to soil-borne phytopathogens are called disease-suppressive soils. Based on the phytopathogen suppression range, soil disease suppressiveness is categorised as specific- or general- disease suppression. Disease suppressiveness can either occur naturally or can be induced by manipulating soil properties, including the microbiome responsible for conferring protection against soil-borne pathogens. While the induction of general disease suppression in agricultural soils is important for limiting pathogenic attacks on crops, the factors responsible for the phenomenon are yet to be identified. Limited efforts have been made to understand the systemic mechanisms involved in developing disease suppression in organically farmed soils. Identifying the critical factors could be useful for inducing disease suppressiveness in conducive soils as a cost-effective alternative to the application of pesticides and fungicides. Therefore, this review examines the soil properties, including microbiota, and assesses indicators related to disease suppression, for the process to be employed as a tactical option to reduce pesticide use in agriculture.
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