History outline
0 likes265 views
This document outlines some key concepts in the study of history. It discusses what history is, the importance of studying history, different types of sources (primary and secondary), and some limitations and biases that historians must account for. Specifically, it notes that history aims to understand and explain the past using available evidence, while acknowledging that evidence can be misinterpreted or biased depending on its source and the historian analyzing it. Historians must consider factors like who wrote a source, potential motives, and compare multiple accounts to develop a more reliable narrative of events.
1 of 2
Download to read offline
Recommended
What is History?
What is History?jheiser History is a record of the past that can be pieced together through various sources such as memories, first-hand accounts, artifacts, and myths. However, the telling and interpretation of history can be subjective and distorted based on the viewpoint of the teller or discoveries being made over time in bits and pieces. Ultimately, history remains partially unknown and open to interpretation.
Emily Hall | Topic Top 5
Emily Hall | Topic Top 5EmilyHall39 Ethnocentrism is judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture and believing in the superiority of one's own culture. Cultural relativism is the contrasting concept of understanding behavior only in terms of a person's culture. Ethnocentrism can manifest as cultural nearsightedness by taking one's own culture for granted or Eurocentric ethnocentrism by only recognizing Western aspects in schools. The results of ethnocentrism are rejection of other cultures' knowledge, impeded communication, and restricted exchange of ideas among peoples.
making history come alive by: Kathleen Taguinod
making history come alive by: Kathleen Taguinodkathleenltaguinod This document provides an introduction to history and discusses primary and secondary sources. It begins by noting that many students find history boring and don't know important historical facts. It then defines history as the discovery, collection, organization and presentation of past events. The document explains that history helps understand the present and imagine different futures. It also discusses that primary sources are original documents created during the time period being studied, while secondary sources are interpretations created after the fact. Examples of primary sources include diaries, speeches, documents and photographs. Secondary sources include textbooks and articles analyzing primary sources. Tertiary sources compile and summarize primary and secondary sources.
Hist2 0 history-b
Hist2 0 history-bYvan Gumbao The document discusses several problems and difficulties in writing Philippine history, including a scarcity of written materials, especially at the local level. Translation issues with documents written in Spanish or other languages also pose problems. Foreign writers' biases and prejudices have also impacted Philippine histories. There is a lack of representative materials across the entire country, and some ethnic groups lack a written tradition. Finally, there are few trained historians in the Philippines. The document also outlines several major philosophies or views in the study of history, including the cyclical, providential, progressive, Marxist, and relativist views.
Primary source of information
Primary source of informationmurakamikar Primary sources are original documents or objects from the time being studied that provide first-hand accounts, such as diaries, autobiographies, government documents, letters, photographs, and artifacts. They include things like the Declaration of Independence, Anne Frank's diary, birth certificates, photographs, recordings, newspapers from the time period, and historical objects like tools. Primary sources offer direct evidence and eyewitness perspectives on events and time periods.
Primary source of information
Primary source of informationmurakamikar Primary sources are original documents or objects from the time being studied that provide first-hand accounts of events or experiences. Examples of primary sources include diaries, autobiographies, historical documents like the Declaration of Independence, government records, photographs, letters, newspapers from the period, and physical artifacts like tools and sculptures. Primary sources offer direct insight without interpretation from secondary sources.
How is time measured??
How is time measured??MrWaugh7 Here are the answers to the comprehension questions:
Q1. Equinoctial hours are hours of equal length based on there being 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness on the equinoxes (the two days each year when day and night are approximately equal in length).
Q2. Western civilization began using equinoctial hours to measure the passing of time during the Hellenistic Age of the Ancient Greeks, which was over 2,000 years ago.
Q3. The requested historical 'time words' have been added to my glossary:
A year, Period, Era, Millennium, Century, Decade, Dynasty, Age
Elements of Historical Documentaries
Elements of Historical DocumentariesDeborah Granger This information sheet may be used with students as they consider the essential elements of historical documentaries.
EDUC 1751 Slideshow
EDUC 1751 Slideshowalesharoche This document summarizes and evaluates two digital artefacts about Australian history.
The first artefact discusses exclusion in Australia, presenting information over 11 slides about why certain immigrant groups came to Australia and attitudes towards non-white immigrants. It provides primary sources but lacks interactivity.
The second artefact is an interactive simulation where students help a fictional boy decide whether to enlist during WWI. It includes audio interviews, maps, and opportunities to learn more by clicking on items. Students must analyze arguments for and against enlistment before advising the boy. This keeps students engaged through interactive elements.
Both artefacts provide educational value by exploring historical attitudes, but the second is praised for its hands-on, interactive
Geo final
Geo finalprolife6 The document outlines an educational tour for students that will take them to historic sites in Philadelphia, New York City, and Washington D.C. related to the founding of the U.S. and the development of the Constitution. Students will visit places like Independence Hall, the Statue of Liberty, and the Lincoln Memorial to learn about important figures and events. Each evening features a living history presenter in character like George Washington or Benjamin Franklin to further engage students.
патриотизм и космополитизм 2
патриотизм и космополитизм 2Yuuuuuuuuuuulia The document discusses patriotism and cosmopolitanism. It defines patriotism as love of one's country and the people within it, as well as pride in national achievements and culture. It identifies different types of patriotism such as polis patriotism and ethnic patriotism. Famous Russian patriots are also listed, including Stalin, Lenin, Alexander Nevsky, and military leaders. Cosmopolitanism is defined as rejecting national traditions and culture in favor of being a free and independent person unbound by such affiliations. The document notes the first cosmopolitan was Diogenes the Cynic and identifies a modern Russian cosmopolitan as well.
Reading and Writing American History
Reading and Writing American HistoryKelly inKansas This document provides teaching activities and resources for a history course, including writing assignments, a timeline activity, discussions of the Constitution and Bill of Rights, teaching with historical documents about black soldiers in the Civil War, and an online tour and poster analysis from the National Gallery of Art and National Archives. The document contains lesson plans and materials to teach American history.
Limitations of Cultural Studies
Limitations of Cultural StudiesKomal Shahedadpuri Here I am sharing my presentation as a part of my academic activity of Sem- 2 M.A English. Submitted to Dr. Dilip Barad , MK Bhavnagar University.
Shuffling Democracy
Shuffling DemocracySlugger Consults This document discusses the changing political landscape in the UK and other countries. It notes that voters have become less predictable and more populist as traditional political parties and media lose influence. Establishment elites also fear accountability and struggle to communicate a clear vision, instead exaggerating fears. This volatility is a response to loss of agency and over-complication in democracy that has led politicians to abandon policy substance for populist appeals.
Discrimination against southern people
Discrimination against southern people726609 This presentation aims to reduce tensions between northerners and southerners by addressing common misconceptions. It notes that the Confederate flag means different things to different people and was originally a military flag rather than a symbol of racism. Additionally, the Civil War was fought more over states' rights and economic issues regarding slavery rather than solely as a moral issue against slavery. To help fix tensions, northerners are encouraged to learn more about southern culture and history from the southern perspective in an unbiased manner.
History Guidelines
History GuidelinesJennifer Gaither The document provides guidance for students writing an Extended Essay in History for the IB Diploma Programme. It outlines the requirements for choosing a topic, including that it must focus on human past, allow for in-depth research and analysis of sources, and not be based on events from the last 10 years or on "pop history". It also lists the assessment criteria and provides examples of history essay topics that received high marks, including topics on treaties, colonial policies, social movements, and presidential administrations. Recommended topics are provided for different time periods that could help with the IB History examinations.
War of 1812 symposium whha power point updated
War of 1812 symposium whha power point updatedanewton8710 The presentation provided an overview of teaching resources from the White House Historical Association focused on the history of the White House and surrounding neighborhood. It highlighted activities and lesson plans utilizing primary sources to engage students in exploring events like the War of 1812 and lives of enslaved people and African Americans in the early Washington D.C. area. Upcoming programs and online resources from the Association's website were also noted.
Seconday Sources on the motivations for the Declaration of Independence
Seconday Sources on the motivations for the Declaration of IndependencePar Pandit The document discusses the motivations behind the writing of the Declaration of Independence. It provides background on using primary sources to analyze different opinions or interpretations of historical events. The objectives are for students to learn to analyze secondary source opinions based on primary sources and to understand the different possible motivations behind creating the Declaration of Independence.
Liberty exhibit
Liberty exhibitAnthony Powell San José State University's Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library and History Department are presenting an exhibit called "The Price of Liberty" showcasing artifacts from one of the largest private collections of African-American military history owned by Anthony Powell, chronicling Black service since the Civil War. The display will be open in the Cultural Heritage Center of the library from February 1-29, 2012 with an opening ceremony on February 3rd from noon to 1:30pm that is open to the public with refreshments provided.
History in dispute
History in disputeJennifer Gaither This document describes the History in Dispute series, which presents different perspectives on controversial historical events in order to stimulate critical thinking. Each volume focuses on a theme, time period, or subject, and contains around 50 entries with point-counterpoint essays presenting both sides of an issue. The goal is to provide a more nuanced understanding than typical history texts by considering events from multiple viewpoints. Over 20 volumes have been published covering topics from slavery to World War II to social movements.
Up America's Ass intro.
Up America's Ass intro.sentrydown This document provides context about the political and social themes that contributed to the success of early blockbuster films and discusses how film became more accessible starting in the 1950s. It then outlines some of the core themes of modernism in the postwar West, including reinforcement of strict roles and demonization of things like sex and socialism. The document introduces postmodernism as a response that challenged modernism by creating works with unusual structures and characters as well as criticisms of modernist ideals. The intent section explains that the document will discuss why cult films of the past were successful, focusing on how their themes aligned with cultural revolutions of the time and how they extended the postmodern art movement.
Pressure notes and screening questions
Pressure notes and screening questionsBelinda Raji 1) Racial tensions erupted across British cities in the 1970s and 1980s, as seen in events like the Brixton Riots.
2) Pressure was made to represent the experiences of black British youth coming of age during this time of social and political change.
3) Pressure represents examples of racism like police harassment and discrimination in the job market experienced by black British people.
3. sapphire contextual research
3. sapphire contextual researchBelinda Raji Between 1948-1962:
- Large numbers of migrants from West Indies and Asia arrived in Britain to fill labor shortages.
- Racial tensions rose as attacks against black people occurred.
- Politicians and white Britons grew concerned about issues like housing shortages and job availability due to immigration.
- Laws were passed in 1962 that introduced immigration restrictions targeting non-white Commonwealth citizens, marking the beginning of explicitly racist immigration policies in Britain.
Telling & Circulating History on Stamps
Telling & Circulating History on Stampssheilabrennan Through its commemorative stamp program, the US Post Office Department printed and circulated historical narratives on stamp. Citizens and stamp collectors noticed these images and scenes represented and wanted their heroes and regional anniversaries honored with a commemorative, because it represented a federally-sanctioned narrative.
Informatica en educacion
Informatica en educacionfanyxitha La informática educativa estudia el uso de la tecnología en el proceso educativo. El documento discute las definiciones de informática y educación, y explica que la informática educativa intenta acercar a los estudiantes al conocimiento y uso de herramientas tecnológicas como las computadoras para potenciar el aprendizaje de manera creativa. También describe las ventajas de la informática educativa como la interacción estudiante-computadora, la atención individualizada, y la capacidad de controlar el ritmo y contenido del aprendizaje
Manual de panel de control
Manual de panel de controlFernando Marcos Ramírez El documento describe las diferentes secciones del Panel de Control de Windows, incluyendo Centro de Seguridad, Conexiones de red e Internet, Impresores y otro hardware, Agregar o quitar programas, Control de cuentas de usuario, Barra de tareas, Opciones de idioma, fecha y hora, y Opciones de accesibilidad.
More Related Content
What's hot (16)
EDUC 1751 Slideshow
EDUC 1751 Slideshowalesharoche This document summarizes and evaluates two digital artefacts about Australian history.
The first artefact discusses exclusion in Australia, presenting information over 11 slides about why certain immigrant groups came to Australia and attitudes towards non-white immigrants. It provides primary sources but lacks interactivity.
The second artefact is an interactive simulation where students help a fictional boy decide whether to enlist during WWI. It includes audio interviews, maps, and opportunities to learn more by clicking on items. Students must analyze arguments for and against enlistment before advising the boy. This keeps students engaged through interactive elements.
Both artefacts provide educational value by exploring historical attitudes, but the second is praised for its hands-on, interactive
Geo final
Geo finalprolife6 The document outlines an educational tour for students that will take them to historic sites in Philadelphia, New York City, and Washington D.C. related to the founding of the U.S. and the development of the Constitution. Students will visit places like Independence Hall, the Statue of Liberty, and the Lincoln Memorial to learn about important figures and events. Each evening features a living history presenter in character like George Washington or Benjamin Franklin to further engage students.
патриотизм и космополитизм 2
патриотизм и космополитизм 2Yuuuuuuuuuuulia The document discusses patriotism and cosmopolitanism. It defines patriotism as love of one's country and the people within it, as well as pride in national achievements and culture. It identifies different types of patriotism such as polis patriotism and ethnic patriotism. Famous Russian patriots are also listed, including Stalin, Lenin, Alexander Nevsky, and military leaders. Cosmopolitanism is defined as rejecting national traditions and culture in favor of being a free and independent person unbound by such affiliations. The document notes the first cosmopolitan was Diogenes the Cynic and identifies a modern Russian cosmopolitan as well.
Reading and Writing American History
Reading and Writing American HistoryKelly inKansas This document provides teaching activities and resources for a history course, including writing assignments, a timeline activity, discussions of the Constitution and Bill of Rights, teaching with historical documents about black soldiers in the Civil War, and an online tour and poster analysis from the National Gallery of Art and National Archives. The document contains lesson plans and materials to teach American history.
Limitations of Cultural Studies
Limitations of Cultural StudiesKomal Shahedadpuri Here I am sharing my presentation as a part of my academic activity of Sem- 2 M.A English. Submitted to Dr. Dilip Barad , MK Bhavnagar University.
Shuffling Democracy
Shuffling DemocracySlugger Consults This document discusses the changing political landscape in the UK and other countries. It notes that voters have become less predictable and more populist as traditional political parties and media lose influence. Establishment elites also fear accountability and struggle to communicate a clear vision, instead exaggerating fears. This volatility is a response to loss of agency and over-complication in democracy that has led politicians to abandon policy substance for populist appeals.
Discrimination against southern people
Discrimination against southern people726609 This presentation aims to reduce tensions between northerners and southerners by addressing common misconceptions. It notes that the Confederate flag means different things to different people and was originally a military flag rather than a symbol of racism. Additionally, the Civil War was fought more over states' rights and economic issues regarding slavery rather than solely as a moral issue against slavery. To help fix tensions, northerners are encouraged to learn more about southern culture and history from the southern perspective in an unbiased manner.
History Guidelines
History GuidelinesJennifer Gaither The document provides guidance for students writing an Extended Essay in History for the IB Diploma Programme. It outlines the requirements for choosing a topic, including that it must focus on human past, allow for in-depth research and analysis of sources, and not be based on events from the last 10 years or on "pop history". It also lists the assessment criteria and provides examples of history essay topics that received high marks, including topics on treaties, colonial policies, social movements, and presidential administrations. Recommended topics are provided for different time periods that could help with the IB History examinations.
War of 1812 symposium whha power point updated
War of 1812 symposium whha power point updatedanewton8710 The presentation provided an overview of teaching resources from the White House Historical Association focused on the history of the White House and surrounding neighborhood. It highlighted activities and lesson plans utilizing primary sources to engage students in exploring events like the War of 1812 and lives of enslaved people and African Americans in the early Washington D.C. area. Upcoming programs and online resources from the Association's website were also noted.
Seconday Sources on the motivations for the Declaration of Independence
Seconday Sources on the motivations for the Declaration of IndependencePar Pandit The document discusses the motivations behind the writing of the Declaration of Independence. It provides background on using primary sources to analyze different opinions or interpretations of historical events. The objectives are for students to learn to analyze secondary source opinions based on primary sources and to understand the different possible motivations behind creating the Declaration of Independence.
Liberty exhibit
Liberty exhibitAnthony Powell San José State University's Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library and History Department are presenting an exhibit called "The Price of Liberty" showcasing artifacts from one of the largest private collections of African-American military history owned by Anthony Powell, chronicling Black service since the Civil War. The display will be open in the Cultural Heritage Center of the library from February 1-29, 2012 with an opening ceremony on February 3rd from noon to 1:30pm that is open to the public with refreshments provided.
History in dispute
History in disputeJennifer Gaither This document describes the History in Dispute series, which presents different perspectives on controversial historical events in order to stimulate critical thinking. Each volume focuses on a theme, time period, or subject, and contains around 50 entries with point-counterpoint essays presenting both sides of an issue. The goal is to provide a more nuanced understanding than typical history texts by considering events from multiple viewpoints. Over 20 volumes have been published covering topics from slavery to World War II to social movements.
Up America's Ass intro.
Up America's Ass intro.sentrydown This document provides context about the political and social themes that contributed to the success of early blockbuster films and discusses how film became more accessible starting in the 1950s. It then outlines some of the core themes of modernism in the postwar West, including reinforcement of strict roles and demonization of things like sex and socialism. The document introduces postmodernism as a response that challenged modernism by creating works with unusual structures and characters as well as criticisms of modernist ideals. The intent section explains that the document will discuss why cult films of the past were successful, focusing on how their themes aligned with cultural revolutions of the time and how they extended the postmodern art movement.
Pressure notes and screening questions
Pressure notes and screening questionsBelinda Raji 1) Racial tensions erupted across British cities in the 1970s and 1980s, as seen in events like the Brixton Riots.
2) Pressure was made to represent the experiences of black British youth coming of age during this time of social and political change.
3) Pressure represents examples of racism like police harassment and discrimination in the job market experienced by black British people.
3. sapphire contextual research
3. sapphire contextual researchBelinda Raji Between 1948-1962:
- Large numbers of migrants from West Indies and Asia arrived in Britain to fill labor shortages.
- Racial tensions rose as attacks against black people occurred.
- Politicians and white Britons grew concerned about issues like housing shortages and job availability due to immigration.
- Laws were passed in 1962 that introduced immigration restrictions targeting non-white Commonwealth citizens, marking the beginning of explicitly racist immigration policies in Britain.
Telling & Circulating History on Stamps
Telling & Circulating History on Stampssheilabrennan Through its commemorative stamp program, the US Post Office Department printed and circulated historical narratives on stamp. Citizens and stamp collectors noticed these images and scenes represented and wanted their heroes and regional anniversaries honored with a commemorative, because it represented a federally-sanctioned narrative.
Viewers also liked (17)
Informatica en educacion
Informatica en educacionfanyxitha La informática educativa estudia el uso de la tecnología en el proceso educativo. El documento discute las definiciones de informática y educación, y explica que la informática educativa intenta acercar a los estudiantes al conocimiento y uso de herramientas tecnológicas como las computadoras para potenciar el aprendizaje de manera creativa. También describe las ventajas de la informática educativa como la interacción estudiante-computadora, la atención individualizada, y la capacidad de controlar el ritmo y contenido del aprendizaje
Manual de panel de control
Manual de panel de controlFernando Marcos Ramírez El documento describe las diferentes secciones del Panel de Control de Windows, incluyendo Centro de Seguridad, Conexiones de red e Internet, Impresores y otro hardware, Agregar o quitar programas, Control de cuentas de usuario, Barra de tareas, Opciones de idioma, fecha y hora, y Opciones de accesibilidad.
Ngoi nha dep
Ngoi nha depDenxinh Lighting Đây là một mẫu nhà đẹp thiết kế đơn giản nhưng lại có hiệu quả không gian tốt, tạo ra nhiều khu vực thoáng đãng cùng với khả năng hút ánh sáng tự nhiên tốt giúp gia chủ thư thái và không có cảm giác bị gò bó.
Parents wish
Parents wishwillschannel This document is a letter from parents to their child about caring for them in their old age. It asks the child to be patient, understanding, and helpful as the parents experience common aging issues like repeating stories, needing assistance with daily tasks, and potential memory loss. It emphasizes listening to the parents and helping them walk, live with dignity, and feel loved during their final years as they had done for the child when young.
Aprender y enseñar en colaboración. irma
Aprender y enseñar en colaboración. irmaIrma Rojas Presenta material sobre el aprender y enseñar en colaboración, las características y ventajas frente al trabajo cooperativo en línea de docentes y estudiantes que comparten comparten proyectos, ideas y opiniones y comunicación
Vivir sin violencia
Vivir sin violenciaCoqui Hernandez El documento promueve la igualdad de derechos y la no violencia, argumentando que todas las personas deben ser tratadas con respeto e igualdad para poder vivir juntas en paz.
Alish
AlishMuneeb Waseem My Love... My Life... My Heart... My Soul.... My Lady.... My Goddess.... I am nothing Without You... My Love...... Love You Alot Alot ALot.....
Nos3pilliers
Nos3pilliersSuzanne Dauphin Pro Soirée reconnaissance Desjardins, Mentorat des Moulins 10 octobre 2012
Presentacion Pi2
Presentacion Pi2francisco1275 El documento describe los desayunos típicos y las cocinas de varios estudiantes europeos. Francisco de España desayuna galletas con cacao y calacao. Ana de Portugal come galletas de chocolate, yogur o leche con pan y queso o bollos con leche y chocolate. Tamara de España come pan con manteca y leche solo o con cacao. Chakib de Bulgaria come pasteles y zumo de naranja. Vesilin no especifica su desayuno. Se incluyen fotos de las cocinas mostrando electrodomésticos y almacenamiento de comida
Similar to History outline (20)
Why study history
Why study historyt0nywilliams History gives people a sense of identity and understanding of human nature, but it is not completely objective because it is interpreted through the biases of both eyewitnesses and historians. To establish the truth, historians consider factors like the source and motivation of primary accounts, and whether multiple independent sources agree. While perfect objectivity is impossible, recognizing potential biases helps historians compensate and establish the most reliable narrative.
Hist2 0 history-a
Hist2 0 history-aYvan Gumbao 1) History is the study of past events and developments concerning people through the analysis and interpretation of available written records, oral traditions, cultural artifacts, and folklore.
2) A modern definition of history sees it as the interpretative study of surviving records of the past, both written and unwritten, to understand the meaning and scope of human existence.
3) Studying history helps bridge the gap between the past and present by showing how historical roots influence contemporary problems, explains the causes of events and developments, and allows for consideration of possible future scenarios based on parallels with the past.
Do zombies care about the past
Do zombies care about the pastdcyw1112 This document discusses different perspectives on what history is and why it is important to study. It notes that history involves investigating the past to gain knowledge and understand human complexity. Different groups may have opposing views of the same events in history. Studying history allows us to examine change over time, ask questions about the past, and understand different perspectives. The document emphasizes that when studying history, it is important to consider context, complexity, causation, and how choices in the past can impact the present.
07. historical method
07. historical methodJustin Morris This document outlines the agenda and activities for a Theory of Knowledge class focusing on historical method. It includes an activity where students verbally relay an account of an event to demonstrate how details can be lost or altered over transmission. The document then covers core principles of history, different approaches to history through time in various cultures, and potential patterns and uses of history. It poses discussion questions about the nature of history, objectivity, and the relationship between history and other areas of knowledge.
JSS 1 FIRST TERM HISTORY SLIDES.pptx
JSS 1 FIRST TERM HISTORY SLIDES.pptxchimkwuogworordu This document provides a scheme of work for a history class covering various topics over 13 weeks. Week 1 covers the meaning of history, defining it and reasons for studying it. Week 2 discusses the importance of history and differences between history and storytelling. Week 3 covers sources of history, defining primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. It discusses oral traditions and their advantages/disadvantages. Weeks 4-5 cover additional primary sources like artifacts, legends, folklores, and archival materials. The document includes assignments, reading assignments, and classwork questions for each topic.
Readings in Philippinesnotereviewer.docx
Readings in Philippinesnotereviewer.docxMaricarPaiman Philippine History
I. Definition and Importance of History
History, derived from the Greek word "historia" meaning "knowledge acquired through inquiry or interview," is an account of the past based on written documents and historical events. It serves as a vital tool for understanding and interpreting the experiences, struggles, and triumphs of a nation and its people.
History holds several important roles:
Uniting a nation: By studying the shared past, history helps create a sense of national identity and pride. It highlights the collective achievements, cultural heritage, and values that bind a nation together.
Lessons from the past: The study of history allows us to learn from the successes and failures of previous generations. It provides insights into the causes and consequences of significant events, enabling us to make informed decisions and avoid repeating past mistakes.
Understanding the present: History helps us comprehend the present by tracing the development and evolution of social, political, and economic systems. It provides context and background for current issues, allowing us to analyze societal trends and make informed judgments.
II. Sources of Philippine History
To reconstruct the history of the Philippines, historians rely on various sources, including written and unwritten materials.
Written Sources:
a. Primary Sources: These are firsthand accounts or materials created during the time period being studied. Examples include diaries, letters, official documents, newspapers, and eyewitness testimonies. Primary sources provide direct insight into historical events and the perspectives of those who experienced them
b. Secondary Sources: These sources are created by scholars or historians who interpret and analyze primary sources. Secondary sources include books, academic articles, and scholarly publications that offer insights, analysis, and synthesized information based on primary sources.
Unwritten Sources:
a. Living Individuals: Eyewitnesses, informants, and respondents who have direct knowledge or personal experiences of historical events provide valuable oral testimonies and accounts.
b. Relics, Memorabilia, Pictures, etc.: Material artifacts such as artifacts, photographs, artworks, and monuments contribute to the understanding and visualization of the past.
III. Evaluating Historical Sources
Evaluating historical sources involves critical examination to determine their reliability, credibility, and relevance to the study of Philippine history.
External Criticism: This process focuses on assessing the nature and authenticity or the form of the document or source. It involves examining factors such as the source's origin, authorship, date, and physical characteristics to determine its credibility and potential biases.
Internal Criticism: Internal criticism involves analyzing the content of the historical source itself. Historians assess the information presented, the context in which it was created, and its consistency wi
History as a subject.pptx
History as a subject.pptxThabisile Shabalala The document provides an overview of history as a subject. It defines history as the study of past events and changes in society over time. The importance of history is discussed, noting that it allows people to understand the present and make better decisions by learning from the past. Two key concepts in history are explained: substantive or "first order" concepts that refer to the actual content, and procedural or "second order" concepts that allow for a deeper understanding of history. Examples of applying these concepts to analyze the French Revolution are provided, such as using unique concepts like King Louis XVI and organizational concepts like Napoleon Bonaparte.
History of of Ethiopia and the Horn (Hist.1012)
History of of Ethiopia and the Horn (Hist.1012)semahegngashaw This document provides an overview of the history and uses of history as an academic discipline, as well as the historiography of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. It discusses:
1. The nature of history as an organized study of the past based on credible sources, with the goal of understanding human societies and their interactions over time.
2. The major contributions of early Greek, Chinese, and European historians to establishing history as a formal area of inquiry.
3. The sources used in the historiography of Ethiopia and the Horn region, including manuscripts, inscriptions, travel accounts, and chronicles from various time periods.
4. The developments in Ethiopian historiography, from
His 101 w01 do zombies care about history
His 101 w01 do zombies care about historyDonna Cywinski The document discusses why studying history is important. It provides several perspectives on what history is, including an investigation into the past to acquire knowledge, asking questions about the meaning of the past, and examining different perspectives about the past. The document notes that while history involves investigating and discussing the past, not everyone agrees on interpretations of history. It emphasizes several key principles for studying history, such as considering chronology, geography, multiple perspectives, and change over time. The overall message is that history is a complex subject that involves investigating the past from different angles and interpretations.
Compilation History Notes (All Chapter)
Compilation History Notes (All Chapter)Fatin Nazihah Aziz This document provides an introduction to the course "History and Civilization" (HIST 1000). It discusses the meaning and definitions of history, both literally and technically. History is defined as the systematic study of past human events and interpretations of how and why they occurred. The document outlines the nature and fields of history, including political, economic, social and intellectual history. It discusses the problems in studying history and the importance of being objective and tolerant in interpretations. The evolution of history as a academic discipline is covered, from ancient Greek historians like Herodotus and Thucydides to early Muslim scholars like Al-Zuhri, Ibn Ishaq and Al-Tabari.
Bangladesh studies lec 1 historical methods
Bangladesh studies lec 1 historical methodsAnika Rifat This document discusses approaches to studying Bangladeshi history. It emphasizes that history involves interpreting facts rather than just compiling them. Historians must consider the context and perspectives of primary sources, and how representations of history can shape our understanding. Primary sources like documents, artifacts, and eyewitness accounts provide direct evidence, while secondary sources analyze and interpret primary sources. Historians evaluate sources based on their authenticity, credibility, representativeness, and meaning to uncover historical truths.
Module-1_Readings-in-Philippine-History_Students-Copy.pptx
Module-1_Readings-in-Philippine-History_Students-Copy.pptxJEYLAISAMANABAT This document provides an overview of key concepts for understanding history and conducting historical research. It defines history as the sum of recorded events from the past. There are three main approaches to studying history: idealism focuses on ideas and intent, historicism respects the context of the past, and relativism believes all views are valid. Studying history benefits individuals by nurturing identity and skills, communities by supporting culture and economic growth, and the future by inspiring leadership and engaged citizens. Primary sources provide first-hand information while secondary sources interpret primary sources and tertiary sources report on secondary sources. The document outlines principles for evaluating the reliability of sources and determining the historical significance of events and developments.
21st Century Skills in Social Studies Classrooms
21st Century Skills in Social Studies ClassroomsTutti Jackson This document discusses ways to incorporate primary sources into social studies classrooms to promote 21st century skills. It provides examples of primary and secondary sources and activities teachers can use. One activity involves students analyzing primary sources about a topic like immigration to Ohio to create an exhibit telling that story. The goal is for students to develop historical thinking skills like analysis and using evidence to support an argument. Incorporating primary sources and digital history tools engages students and mirrors how historians work.
please follow the writing commom 1. Thesis 2. Quotes.docx
please follow the writing commom 1. Thesis 2. Quotes.docxlorindajamieson please follow the writing commom :
1
. Thesis:
2
. Quotes:
1. QUOTE – Introduce quote in your own prose and use brackets and
ellipses to alter quotation.
2. CITE – Follow the provided guidelines.
3. EXPLAIN – Quotes
do not
speak for themselves. Paraphrase, call
the reader’s attention to specific words/images/phrases, and make the interpretation/meaning explicit in the text.
3. Topic sentences:
The first sentence of every paragraph should offer the paragraph’s
main idea, which you defend with evidence in the next several sentences.
Example:
Besides weighing in on the subject of educational priorities, DuBois
was a far stronger proponent of civil rights for African Americans than Washington was. In 1905, he and his educated compatriots called, in an essay announcing their “Niagara Movement,” for the fulfillment of the rights guaranteed to all Americans in the 13
th
, 14
th
, and 15
th
Amendments...
4.
General Improvements
:
1.
Be explicit and specific!
focus on it please Kim
PROOFREAD
Don’t generalize or pass judgment where you’re not asked to
H251 African-American History, 1880-Present
Part I: Identification terms:
The exam will include 5 of the following fifteen identification terms listed below. You will need to provide answers to all five id terms on the exam. Each answer should be approximately four sentences in length. Plan to spend approximately 5 minutes of exam time per term. Answers should 1) define the term, 2) place it in historical context (time, place, persons/issues involved), and, most importantly, 3) identify the significance of the term in African-American history. (5 points possible per term)
Thibodaux Sugar War Red Summer United Negro Improvement Association
National Urban League Anna Julia Cooper Plessy v. Ferguson
Fourteenth Amendment Jack Johnson War Risk Insurance Act
James Reese Europe Madame C.J. Walker
Birth of a Nation
Lynching Silent March (NYC) Mamie Smith
Part II: Primary Source Analysis:
The exam will consist of two of the primary documents listed below. You will select one to analyze. Your analysis should place the document in historical context, assess its significance to historical events and social movements of the period in which it was created, & interpret its meaning as an expression of African-American experience. Plan to spend approximately 20 minutes of exam time on primary source analysis. A copy of the primary documents will be provided with the exam. (25 points possible)
Claude McKay’s “If We Must Die” (1919) (pg. 45-46 of
From Timbuktu
…)
Marcus Garvey’s "Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association" (1921) (Canvas)
Alain Locke’s “The New Negro: An Interpretation” (1925) (pg. 43-45 of
From Timbuktu
…)
Part III: Short Essay:
On.
Readings in Philippine History - Introduction to Philippine History
Readings in Philippine History - Introduction to Philippine HistoryMark Jhon Oxillo This document discusses key concepts in history and historiography. It defines history as the study of the past through written documents and evidence. Historiography is defined as the study of how history has been recorded and studied over time. The document outlines different schools of thought in historiography, such as positivism which requires empirical evidence, and post-colonialism which examines history from perspectives outside colonial influences. Primary and secondary sources are discussed, as well as the importance of external and internal criticism when examining sources. Examples of hoaxes in Philippine history show the need to verify sources of information about the past.
Source analysis
Source analysisRob Marchetto This document discusses key concepts for historians in evaluating primary and secondary sources. It defines primary sources as those created during the time period being studied, and secondary sources as those created afterwards. When determining usefulness, reliability, and limitations, historians consider factors like the author, date, intended audience, message, and completeness of information. While primary sources have the advantage of being contemporaneous, both primary and secondary sources can be useful or unreliable depending on thorough analysis. The reliability of a source may also depend on balancing multiple perspectives.
In Module Six- Analyzing History- continued- learning block 6-4 (page.docx
In Module Six- Analyzing History- continued- learning block 6-4 (page.docxsandraa52 In Module Six: Analyzing History, continued, learning block 6-4 (page 1) in the webtext, you worked toward the following elements: II. Body: You will use this section of your paper to provide further detail about your historical event while supporting the claim you made in your thesis statement. Make sure to cite your sources. Specifically, you should: A. Describe the causes of the historical event. In other words, what were the underlying factors that led to the historical event? Were there any immediate causes that precipitated the event? B. Illustrate the course of your historical event. In other words, tell the story or narrative of your event. Who were the important participants? What did they do? Why? How do the perspectives of the key participants differ? C. Describe the immediate and long-term consequences of the historical event for American society. In other words, how did the event impact  American society? D. Discuss the historical evidence that supports your conclusions about the impact of the event on American society. Support your response with specific examples from your sources
.
Teaching Demo RPH 2.pptx
Teaching Demo RPH 2.pptxRalphNavelino3 This document provides an introduction to the study of history. It defines history as the study of the past based on written documents and evidence. The document outlines several key concepts in historiography, including positivism which requires empirical evidence, and post-colonialism which aims to tell history from an indigenous perspective and criticize colonialism. It also discusses the role of historians in interpreting facts and organizing historical narratives, and the importance of evaluating primary and secondary sources.
What is History GE112.pptx
What is History GE112.pptxTheEndless1 The document discusses the meaning and importance of history. It defines history as the study of past human beliefs, practices, and institutions through written documents and evidence. Studying history helps understand how situations arose and can provide insights to address today's issues. However, history was traditionally focused only on written records, ignoring other civilizations. But the field has broadened to consider other valid sources like oral traditions. Studying history has many benefits - it helps develop identity and perspective, explain current problems, avoid past mistakes, and teach critical thinking skills through a holistic view of the human experience.
Week-1-n-2_Lessons-1-and-2-in-Readings-in (1).pptx
Week-1-n-2_Lessons-1-and-2-in-Readings-in (1).pptxCarlosDavid168 This document provides an overview of the meaning and study of history. It defines history as the study of past events and changes among humanity based on investigations into written and archaeological records. The document outlines the differences between factual and speculative history, and discusses primary and secondary sources as well as the processes of external and internal criticism historians use to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of sources.
More from ayaka91 (17)
E－portfoｌio
E－portfoｌioayaka91 The document appears to be an excerpt from a student's senior seminar paper discussing their experiences traveling between Japan and Thailand. It describes adopting a white rabbit named Milk as a birthday gift and developing a strong attachment to the animal due to its soft white fur and red eyes. The student loves Milk and enjoys taking care of it, though notes the rabbit sees itself as a princess and thinks its owners are servants who must cater to its every need.
E－portfoｌio
E－portfoｌioayaka91 The document appears to be an excerpt from a student's senior seminar paper describing a trip from Japan to Thailand and back again. It discusses the student's experience owning a pet rabbit named Milk as a child. The rabbit was a birthday gift that was small, fluffy, and white with red eyes. The student loved the rabbit from the first sight and enjoyed taking care of it, describing it as soft and smooth. The only problem was that the rabbit, Milk, thought of herself as a princess rather than a rabbit and believed the student and their family were her servants.
Berlin post
Berlin postayaka91 The document summarizes the construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961. It provides background on how East Germany surrounded West Berlin with a concrete wall, separating the two sides. The editorial criticizes the wall as unjustified and unreasonable, saying it was built without notice and will not solve East Germany's economic and political problems. It argues that a wall stops dialogue and will not unite the German people like it aims to do.
Poem my Precious Rabbit
Poem my Precious Rabbitayaka91 The poem is about a girl reminiscing on her strong friendship with another girl. It describes how they were always together through both good and bad times, supporting each other when one was sad or afraid. Though the friends now live far apart, the speaker expresses confidence that the bond of their friendship cannot be broken by distance.
Extracurricular activities
Extracurricular activitiesayaka91 This document discusses the importance of dance in the author's life and how emotions are conveyed through dance movements. The author has studied many dance styles for over 10 years, with ballet being the most significant. Dance uses body language rather than words to communicate feelings to the audience. When performing, the author works to incorporate facial expressions that match the emotion of the dance in order to more genuinely feel and portray the intended mood, such as making a sad face to get into character for a tragic ballet like Swan Lake.
What is the relationship between the gross domestic product
What is the relationship between the gross domestic productayaka91 This document investigates the relationship between a country's gross domestic product (GDP) and its CD sales rate. Data was collected on the GDP and CD sales of 25 countries and analyzed using standard deviation, least squares regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the chi-square test. The results of the analyses indicate a moderate positive linear correlation between GDP and CD sales. Specifically, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.90779 and the chi-square test rejected the hypothesis that GDP and CD sales are independent. However, the data is limited as it only includes developed countries.
Interview on animist beliefs in thailand.
Interview on animist beliefs in thailand.ayaka91 Pia is a 60-year-old Buddhist maid interviewed in her home in Thailand. She practices Buddhism by visiting spirit houses and temples to pray. There is a spirit house at her home and workplace to protect the property and occupants. Pia visits the spirit houses weekly to pray and make offerings. She wears an amulet for protection when traveling outside of Bangkok. Pia has experienced seeing a ghost that she believes was her deceased cousin coming to say goodbye before dying. She knows a friend who was possessed by an evil spirit and required purification rituals. Pia has visited an astrologer in the past for advice on her future.
Who is the most dangerous person
Who is the most dangerous personayaka91 The document discusses who is considered the most dangerous person in the world. It argues that a teacher holds this title because the way they teach and whether they show trust in students can greatly impact learning and a student's future. An example is given of a teacher who did not believe a student's work was their own and gave them an F without reading it, causing the student to hate learning. Additionally, a lack of trust in students, like not believing a student was being bullied, could potentially lead to a student harming or even killing themselves. Therefore, due to the responsibility and impact teachers have, the document makes the case they are the most dangerous people, though it acknowledges only a few examples were given to support this claim
Lab wind energy
Lab wind energyayaka91 1) The document investigates how different sizes of wind blades affect the amount of electricity produced. An experiment was conducted where 5 different sized paper wind blades were tested using a motor and multimeter.
2) The results showed that larger wind blades produced more electricity than smaller blades, supporting the hypothesis. The biggest blade of 12x6 cm produced the most electricity on average.
3) Sources of error included inconsistent blade angles and holes in some corks that held the blades. Taking more measurements could help obtain more accurate data.
Conclusion
Conclusionayaka91 The student reflected on their high school experience at ISB and the various ways of knowing they developed, particularly in language. As a Japanese student, language was their biggest challenge but they learned to communicate through body language. The student realized language can create bias and it's important to understand different perspectives. They also grew more comfortable expressing emotions, which will help them in future volunteer work and studying again in Japan. Overall, the experiences helped them learn about reasoning, emotion, perception, and language, which will aid their continued learning.
Lab Wind Energy
Lab Wind Energyayaka91 The document summarizes an experiment investigating how different wind blade sizes affect the amount of electricity produced. The experiment tested 5 blade sizes ranging from 16cm^2 to 72cm^2 in area. The results showed that larger blades produced more electricity, with the largest 72cm^2 blade producing an average of 76mV compared to 52mV for the smallest 16cm^2 blade. This supported the hypothesis that bigger blades capture more wind energy and produce more electricity. Sources of error were inconsistent blade angles and temperature variations between trials.
History outline
- 1. Ayaka Nishimura Senior Seminar P.4 20 Oct, 2010 History Outline 1. What is History? a. Evidence - lack of evidence Misinterpret the evidence that exists, and jump to conclusions - too much evidences b. Significance - Explaining and understanding the past - Need to devote considerable energy to establish What happened, why it happened? 2. Why study history? a. History gives us a sense of identity - “a country without a history is like a person without a memory” b. History is a defense against propaganda - dictate a one-sided interpretation Highlights a country’s achievements and overlooks its mistake ex) Stalinist era in the former Soviet Union - Puncture some of the myths c. History enriches our understanding of human nature - by showing us what human beings have thought and done - problem: self-realizing expectations 3. Primary and Secondary Source a. Primary source - one that is written by someone who was there at time Ex) Julius Caesar’s The Conquest of Gaul b. Secondary source - a later, second-hand account of what happened Ex) Edward Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire c. Fallible eye-witness (limitation) - people perceive thing differently
- 2. d. Social bias (limitation) - reflect the interests of one particular social group rather than society as whole give distorted picture of things e. Deliberate manipulation (limination) - by governments and other interest groups change the ‘facts’ f. Distinguish a more reliable from a less reliable source - ask questions: Who wrote it? What was their motive in writing? - compare different primary sources - look at documents of a legal and administrative nature 4. The problem of bias a. Topic choice bias - A historian’s choice of topic may be influenced by current preoccupations; and the questions that he asks- or fails to ask- are likely to influence the answer that he finds b. Confirmation bias - A historian might be tempted to appeal only to evidence that supports his own case and to ignore any counter-evidence c. National bias - A historian may find it difficult to deal objectively with sensitive issues that touch on things like national pride