Finding high-redshift strong lenses in DES using convolutional neural networks
- Jacobs, C;
- Collett, T;
- Glazebrook, K;
- McCarthy, C;
- Qin, AK;
- Abbott, TMC;
- Abdalla, FB;
- Annis, J;
- Avila, S;
- Bechtol, K;
- Bertin, E;
- Brooks, D;
- Buckley-Geer, E;
- Burke, DL;
- Rosell, A Carnero;
- Kind, M Carrasco;
- Carretero, J;
- da Costa, LN;
- Davis, C;
- De Vicente, J;
- Desai, S;
- Diehl, HT;
- Doel, P;
- Eifler, TF;
- Flaugher, B;
- Frieman, J;
- García-Bellido, J;
- Gaztanaga, E;
- Gerdes, DW;
- Goldstein, DA;
- Gruen, D;
- Gruendl, RA;
- Gschwend, J;
- Gutierrez, G;
- Hartley, WG;
- Hollowood, DL;
- Honscheid, K;
- Hoyle, B;
- James, DJ;
- Kuehn, K;
- Kuropatkin, N;
- Lahav, O;
- Li, TS;
- Lima, M;
- Lin, H;
- Maia, MAG;
- Martini, P;
- Miller, CJ;
- Miquel, R;
- Nord, B;
- Plazas, AA;
- Sanchez, E;
- Scarpine, V;
- Schubnell, M;
- Serrano, S;
- Sevilla-Noarbe, I;
- Smith, M;
- Soares-Santos, M;
- Sobreira, F;
- Suchyta, E;
- Swanson, MEC;
- Tarle, G;
- Vikram, V;
- Walker, AR;
- Zhang, Y;
- Zuntz, J;
- Collaboration, DES
- et al.
Published Web Location
https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03786v2Abstract
We search Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 imaging data for galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural networks. We generate 250 000 simulated lenses at redshifts > 0.8 from which we create a data set for training the neural networks with realistic seeing, sky and shot noise. Using the simulations as a guide, we build a catalogue of 1.1 million DES sources with 1.8 < g − i < 5, 0.6 < g − r < 3, r mag > 19, g mag > 20, and i mag > 18.2. We train two ensembles of neural networks on training sets consisting of simulated lenses, simulated non-lenses, and real sources. We use the neural networks to score images of each of the sources in our catalogue with a value from 0 to 1, and select those with scores greater than a chosen threshold for visual inspection, resulting in a candidate set of 7301 galaxies. During visual inspection, we rate 84 as 'probably' or 'definitely' lenses. Four of these are previously known lenses or lens candidates. We inspect a further 9428 candidates with a different score threshold, and identify four new candidates. We present 84 new strong lens candidates, selected after a few hours of visual inspection by astronomers. This catalogue contains a comparable number of high-redshift lenses to that predicted by simulations. Based on simulations, we estimate our sample to contain most discoverable lenses in this imaging and at this redshift range.