zwrócić
Old Polish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom z- + wrócić. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editzwrócić pf (imperfective zwracać)
- (attested in Masovia) to give back, to return (to place back into the original owner's possession)
- 1950 [1464], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1181, Warsaw:
- Jako ya vipozyczal plasczya *czarmego sukna cesskyego v Marczyna... na czyą..., a thy ostaviw swoy plascz modry, myalesz gy zwroczycz et suum recipere
- [Jako ja wypożyczał płaszcza czarnego sukna czeskiego u Marcina... na cię..., a ty ostawiw swoj płaszcz modry, miałeś ji zwrocić et suum recipere]
Derived terms
editnouns
verbs
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “wrócić”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “zwrócić”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish zwrócić. By surface analysis, z- + wrócić.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈzvru.t͡ɕit͡ɕ/
Audio 1; “zwrócić”: (file) Audio 2; “zwrócić się”: (file) - Rhymes: -ut͡ɕit͡ɕ
- Syllabification: zwró‧cić
Verb
editzwrócić pf (imperfective zwracać)
- (ditransitive) to give back, to return (to place back into the original owner's possession) [with dative ‘to whom’]
- Synonym: oddać
- (transitive) to turn in, to pay (to give a sum of money owed to a company, person, or institution) [with dative ‘to whom’]
- (transitive) to give back, to return (to give a purchased item back to a store in the hopes to regain the money spent) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what store’]
- (transitive) to turn, to shift, to swing (to change one's direction)
- Synonym: odwrócić
- (transitive) to vomit, to throw up
- Synonym: zwymiotować
- (ditransitive) to give back, to return, to restore (to cause someone to regain something immaterial) [with dative ‘to whom’]
- (transitive, computing) to return (to pass data back to the calling procedure)
- (reflexive with się) to be returned, to be given back (to give someone paid costs)
- (reflexive with się) to turn (to point one's body or more specifically one's head in some direction)
- (reflexive with się) to turn to (to begin speaking to someone) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]
- (reflexive with się) to turn to (to direct a request) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’; in addition, with po (+ accusative) or o (+ accusative) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘to do what’; in addition, with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what’]
- (reflexive with się) to turn against (to work or act against someone) [with przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]
- (reflexive with się) to turn to (to become interested in) [with do (+ genitive) or ku (+ dative) ‘to what’]
- (reflexive with się, obsolete) to turn around (to change one's direction)
Conjugation
editDerived terms
editverbs
- zwrócić słowo pf, zwracać słowo impf
- zwrócić uwagę pf, zwracać uwagę impf
Trivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zwrócić is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 12 times in scientific texts, 20 times in news, 26 times in essays, 12 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 74 times, making it the 877th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
editFurther reading
edit- zwrócić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- zwrócić się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- zwrócić in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zwrócić”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zwrócić się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “zwrócić”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “zwrócić”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “zwrócić”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 664
- zwrócić in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- zwrócić się in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms prefixed with z-
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish perfective verbs
- Masovia Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms prefixed with z-
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ut͡ɕit͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/ut͡ɕit͡ɕ/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish perfective verbs
- Polish ditransitive verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- pl:Computing
- Polish reflexive verbs
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Bodily fluids
- pl:Medical signs and symptoms