na

na

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Nauruan.

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.

na (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Not.
2. (obsolete) No.

Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.

na

1. (Geordie, Scotland) No.

   Na, yor wrang.

   Na, ye cannet watch telly.

   “Divn’t yee like milk?” “Na.”

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “NA”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “na”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

na

1. (linguistics) Abbreviation of noun animate.

Borrowed from Tagalog na.

na (not comparable)

1. (Philippines, slang) Now; already.

   You need to sleep na.

   I have to go na.

Borrowed from Hindi ना (nā).

na (not comparable)

1. (North India, slang) Isn't it?

   It is far na?

• nad
• ni
• nid
• nah
• na-na
• na-na na-na boo-boo
• na-adjective

• -an, A/N, AN, An, a(n), an, an', an-

na

1. to be (exist)

• nakeuh
• hana

From Proto-Indo-European *nō̆s (“we”).

na

1. (Gheg) we

• ne, në

na

1. the

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + feminine singular article la (“the”).

na f (masculine nel, neuter no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

• IPA^(key): [náà]

na

1. stew

na (tone nà)

1. auxiliary marker for future tense

   sini, i bɛ na taa sugu jɔ

   You will go to the market tomorrow

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

• IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪a]

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. already

   Naghali na po siya sa harong.

   S/he already left the house.

2. yet (only in questions)

   Tapos ka na?

   Are you finished yet?

3. anymore

   Dai na niya kayang tioson.

   S/he can't endure it anymore.

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies

   Synonym: -ng

   Bilog na bulan ― Whole month

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. about to; bound to

   Madya na, mapuon na kita.

   Come on, we're about to start.

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Zia na.

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

na

1. I

na

1. thing

• H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
• W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. copula for nouns and adjectives
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[1], 0:57–0:59:

     MUSIC NA THE KEY SO I NODI PLAY

     Music is the key so I am not engaging in play.

2. a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[2], 1:39–1:42:

     I go make you number one for ma list because
     Na you be the hardest

     I will make you the number one of my list by reason that, behold, you are the hardest.

From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

• (Central) IPA^(key): /nə/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /na/

na f sg (elided n', masculine en)

1. (Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la

   En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

   Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

• While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.

• dona

na

1. root of ena

• Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈn̪a]

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after an adjective) marks that something is already the case when it wasn't so before; is now

   Antonym: pa

   puti na ang balay

   the house is now colored white

   lahi na ang panahon karon

   things are now different these days

2. (after verb in the inchoative^[1] aspect) marks verb as completed; have, already (perfect aspect)

   niadto na siya ― he has gone out already

   1. (+ negator "wala") indicates that an ongoing action has stopped or no longer happening; not anymore

      wala na siya nikaon ― he did not eat anymore

3. (after verb in the prospective aspect) marks something that will happen very soon; about to

   moadto na siya ― he is about to go out

   1. (+ negator "dili") indicates that an anticipated or habitual action is discontinued; will not ... anymore

      dili na siya moinom ― he does not drink (alcohol) anymore

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after pronouns or names) indicates a shift in the performance of a task to the person as mentioned

   Antonym: pa

   ikaw na ― it's your turn

   si Tonyo na ― it's Tonyo's turn

na

1. I

Borrowed from Portuguese na, contraction of em a.

• IPA^(key): /na/, [na]

na

1. indirect object marker: to

   Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.

2. used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at

   Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.

3. used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
4. used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
5. used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of

Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): [ˈna]

• Audio:

  (file)

na

1. on, onto (direction, + accusative case)

   Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.

2. on (location, + locative case)

   Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.

3. to (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))

   Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.

4. at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))

   Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.

5. for (purpose, + accusative case)

   Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.

6. at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

   Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!

• “na”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “na”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

From Latin nōn.

na

1. no
2. not

• naun
• non

From Sanskrit नव (nava).

na

1. (Aleppo, cardinal number) nine

• Bruno Herin (2012) “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery‎^[3], volume 10, number 2, →DOI

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

na

1. you (sg.)

• Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎^[4], Santa Barbara: University of California

• IPA^(key): /naː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na
• Rhymes: -aː

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

na

1. after

   Antonym: voor

2. (op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.

   Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.

   With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.

   Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.

   Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.

• Afrikaans: na
• Negerhollands: na, a
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: na

From Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

na (comparative nader, superlative naast)

1. close

The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.

na

1. (dialectal) Archaic form of naar.

na

1. first person; I

• naha

 

Esperanto Wikipedia has an article on:

na (prepozicio)

Wikipedia ^eo

Presumably from Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).

• IPA^(key): [na]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na

na

1. (neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.

   Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.

   I read Gerda Disappeared.

Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).

• IPA^(key): /nɐ/

na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

From a mutation of a.

na f (accusative)

1. Alternative form of a (“her”)

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

• a
• la
• no

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “na”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

• IPA^(key): /na(ː)/
• Rhymes: -aː
• Homophones: nah, Narr (latter regional)

Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu.

na

1. well!, so!; used to introduce a statement

   Na, dann fangen wir mal an!

   So, let’s get started!

   Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!

   I am a clown? Well, so are you!

2. oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration

   Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!

   Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!

   Na? Ob das so stimmt...

   Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...

   Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?

   Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?

   Na toll! Kein Empfang.

   Oh great! No signal.

3. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer

   Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?

   What’s two plus three? Huh?

4. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”

   Na! Lang nicht gesehen!

   Hey! Long time no see!

   Na! Wie geht’s?

   Hi! How are you?

• na klar
• na und
• nanu

A variant of nein.

na

1. (regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria) Alternative form of nein (“no”)

   Na. Das geht net.

   No. That doesn’t work.

• an

From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

na

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

• Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

na

1. for, belonging to, by

• Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -nɒ

na

1. well, so, hey

   Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.

   Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”

   Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!

   Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!

   Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!

• (Compound words):
  • nahát
  • nana
  • naná

• na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: na

na

1. here! there you go! (said when handing something over)

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/

na (definite article)

1. genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na háite ― of the place

2. nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na héin ― the birds

   ó na cailíní ― from the girls

3. genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)

   na bpáistí ― of the children

na

1. Nonstandard form of ina
   • 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

     Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

     Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

• → Yola: na

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “na”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “na”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

na

1. The hiragana syllable な (na) or the katakana syllable ナ (na) in Hepburn romanization.

From Portuguese na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

• IPA^(key): /nə/ [nə]
• Hyphenation: na

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

na

1. 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its

   Bayu ya ing bale na.

   Her/his house is new.

   Nanu ing seli na?

   What did s/he buy?

Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

na

1. (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations

   Na munta ka?

   Hey, are you going?

   Na dimdam me?

   Hey, did you hear?

na

1. (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

   Makanini namu siguru na?

   Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?

   Nokarin nakaman munta na?

   Where are you going, huh?

na

1. connects adjectives to nouns

   Malairo na banwa.

   the blue sky.

   kakatua na tau.

   A strange person.

na

1. already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

   Yari na.

   Finished already.

   Munta naka.

   Are you going now?.

2. already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

   Matudtud na.

   Slept already.

   Sinali na.

   Bought already.

3. already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)

   Lungub nakata.

   Let's go in already.

   Pepasali nakung panulu.

   I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

• на (Cyrillic)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. here you are! take it!

na

1. water

• SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Synonym: nó

2. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. emphatic particle used with imperatives to speed up a performed action; c'mon, now

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “na”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 110
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 1”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[5], volume 2, page 2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 2”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[6], volume 2, page 2
• “na”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• “na!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

na

1. (instrumental) with^[1]

   Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.

   To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.

2. (comitative) and, with^[1]

   Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.

   The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.

3. (source) from^[1]

   Synonym: kuuma

   Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.

   Goodness comes from home.

4. but^[1]

   Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.

   The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.

na

1. (in compounds) woman

• Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN

na f

1. an, a

• n'

• n

• nalde (Monastir)

From Greek να (na), from Ancient Greek ἤν (ḗn).

na (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling נה)

1. here! behold! there!

na

1. and

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /naː/, [näː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /na/, [näː]

nā

1. imperative singular of nō, swim!

• na in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.

na

1. with, and
2. in, at
3. of (form of ya before personal pronouns)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. (with locative) on, in
2. (with accusative) on, onto

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

na

1. and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)

• ne

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.

From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.

na

1. in

   botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper

   Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.

   The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.

2. at

   na casa ― at home

   na festa ― at the party

3. on

   estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground

• As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
• Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.

• têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)

Possibly a reduced form of Portuguese ainda.

• nâ

na

1. still, yet

   Já cavâ fazê liçam di casa? Nunca nâ, faltâ três folia

   Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I still have three pages

   Ela tâ assí chistosa na? Certo, iou-sa Marichai dia-a-dia tâ más bunita

   She still looks so pretty, doesn't she? Of course, my Marichai gets prettier by the day

Borrowed from Cantonese 嗱 (naa⁴).

• nâ, ná

na

1. here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)

na

1. emphatic particle

   Cudí ná! ― Help!

   Vai racolê nâ! ― Get lost!

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

• Audio:

  (file)

na (na⁵／na⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄚ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶／呐
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪

na

1. Nonstandard spelling of nā.
2. Nonstandard spelling of ná.
3. Nonstandard spelling of nǎ.
4. Nonstandard spelling of nà.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

• IPA^(key): /naː/

From Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

na

1. towards
2. behind
3. after, following, later than
4. in accordance with, based on

na

1. afterwards, later
2. close, near

• Dutch: na
  • Afrikaans: na
• Limburgish: nao

From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

nâ

1. close

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

• “na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.

na

1. to ripen

• S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
• R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.

• n' (before words starting with a vowel)

From Latin ūna.

na f sg

1. a, an

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to ne.

• Rhymes: -ɑː

na

1. no

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. to rain

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈna/

na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[7], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

na

1. to rain

From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.

na

1. (dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho

• It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.

• a
• hu

na

1. Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
   • Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
   • Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
   • but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?

• ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈna/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈna/

na

1. on, onto (direction, + accusative case)

   I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. on (location, + locative case)
3. for (purpose, + accusative case)
4. at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

• Czech: na

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

• nō

From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”).

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

nā

1. not

   Nis þæt nā rēad, ac is grēne.

   That's not red, it's green.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17

     Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?

     Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"

     Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.

     The Lord is not comparable to other people.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”

     Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”

2. no

   Þæt iċ cwæþ for þon āne þe iċ nā bet nysse.

   I only said that because I didn't know any better (literally "no better").

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"

     Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

     Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897

     Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.

     That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"

     Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...

     Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...

1. (poetic) never

nā

1. not
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"

     Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtiġ ǣlce dæġe fētt ealne middanġeard þonne þæt wundor wǣre þæt hē þā ġefylde fīf þūsende manna mid fīf hlāfum—ac þæs wundrodon menn nā for þȳ þæt hit māre wundor wǣre, ac for þȳ þæt hit wæs unġewunelīċ.

     It's more of a miracle that God Almighty feeds the whole world every day than that he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread—but that amazed people not because it was more miraculous, but because it was unusual.

• (conjunction): næs

• nā þæt

• English: no
• Geordie English: ne, naw
• Scots: nae, naw

• nān
• nāwiht
• ne
• nese

From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) +‎ ā (“ever”). Akin to Old English nā.

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

nā

1. never

• West Frisian: nea

nā

1. no

• Saterland Frisian: noa

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

nā (+ dative)

1. Alternative form of nēi

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)

1. Aphetic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

1. Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na

1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. Alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. (chiefly in the negative) Alternative spelling of ná (“or, nor”)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/

na

1. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
2. denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [with accusative]
3. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [with accusative]
4. denotes a goal or purpose; for [with accusative]
5. used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [with accusative or locative]
6. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
7. denotes a period of time; during [with locc]
8. denotes frequency; per [with case]
9. denotes location with events; at [with locative]
10. denotes manner [with accusative]

• Polish: na
• Silesian: na

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

• nda
• n'-, nd'- (before a vowel)

na

1. forms the negative of verbs and adjectives [with -i]
2. forms the negative of nouns [with ruã]
3. hopefully; if only [with ruã ymã]
4. shall not stop [with -e'ymi]
   • 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 34v:

     […] naipotareîmixoéne […]

     [ […] n'aîpotare'ymi xûéne […] ]

     I shall not stop wanting it.

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “na”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 325, columns 1–2

Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).

na

1. no, not

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

na

1. (demonstrative) that

• ta

• ena (“this”)
• nā (“her”)

na m or n

1. (demonstrative) that
2. him, it
3. (in the plural) them
   • 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)‎^[8], page 558:

     පුන ච පරං භන‍්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත‍්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත‍්තා
     මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස‍්ස පදාතා යසස‍්ස ආහත‍්තා අථ ච පන
     නො තථා මයි නිපච‍්චාකාරං කරොන‍්ති යථා භගවති.

     Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
     mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana
     no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati.

     Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.

Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.

• ta

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

From Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. inside
4. on

From Dutch naar.

na

1. to
2. towards

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”).

• IPA^(key): /na/

na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. not
2. don't

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /na/

na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. no!

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. to rain

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Inherited from Old Polish na.

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Audio 3:

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• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na
• Homophone: -na

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.

2. denotes location with events; at [with locative]

   Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.

3. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

   Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!

4. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [with accusative]

   Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.

5. denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [with accusative]

   lek na grypę ― flu medication

   na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.

6. denotes frequency; per [with accusative]

   pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second

7. denotes manner [with accusative or adverb]

   pasażer na gapę ― stowaway

   deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert

8. (mathematics) surjective usage; onto [with accusative]

na (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (mathematics) onto; surjective

na

1. (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian) take it! here!

   Coordinate term: (dialectal, plural) nata

• When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• na in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• na in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “na”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 115