Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukufanisa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukufanisa
|
ukungafanisi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
fanisa
|
-fanise
|
Plural
|
fanisani
|
-faniseni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyafanisa, ngifanisa
|
engifanisayo, engifanisa
|
ngifanisa
|
angifanisi
|
engingafanisi
|
ngingafanisi
|
2nd singular
|
uyafanisa, ufanisa
|
ofanisayo, ofanisa
|
ufanisa
|
awufanisi
|
ongafanisi
|
ungafanisi
|
1st plural
|
siyafanisa, sifanisa
|
esifanisayo, esifanisa
|
sifanisa
|
asifanisi
|
esingafanisi
|
singafanisi
|
2nd plural
|
niyafanisa, nifanisa
|
enifanisayo, enifanisa
|
nifanisa
|
anifanisi
|
eningafanisi
|
ningafanisi
|
Class 1
|
uyafanisa, ufanisa
|
ofanisayo, ofanisa
|
efanisa
|
akafanisi
|
ongafanisi
|
engafanisi
|
Class 2
|
bayafanisa, bafanisa
|
abafanisayo, abafanisa
|
befanisa
|
abafanisi
|
abangafanisi
|
bengafanisi
|
Class 3
|
uyafanisa, ufanisa
|
ofanisayo, ofanisa
|
ufanisa
|
awufanisi
|
ongafanisi
|
ungafanisi
|
Class 4
|
iyafanisa, ifanisa
|
efanisayo, efanisa
|
ifanisa
|
ayifanisi
|
engafanisi
|
ingafanisi
|
Class 5
|
liyafanisa, lifanisa
|
elifanisayo, elifanisa
|
lifanisa
|
alifanisi
|
elingafanisi
|
lingafanisi
|
Class 6
|
ayafanisa, afanisa
|
afanisayo, afanisa
|
efanisa
|
awafanisi
|
angafanisi
|
engafanisi
|
Class 7
|
siyafanisa, sifanisa
|
esifanisayo, esifanisa
|
sifanisa
|
asifanisi
|
esingafanisi
|
singafanisi
|
Class 8
|
ziyafanisa, zifanisa
|
ezifanisayo, ezifanisa
|
zifanisa
|
azifanisi
|
ezingafanisi
|
zingafanisi
|
Class 9
|
iyafanisa, ifanisa
|
efanisayo, efanisa
|
ifanisa
|
ayifanisi
|
engafanisi
|
ingafanisi
|
Class 10
|
ziyafanisa, zifanisa
|
ezifanisayo, ezifanisa
|
zifanisa
|
azifanisi
|
ezingafanisi
|
zingafanisi
|
Class 11
|
luyafanisa, lufanisa
|
olufanisayo, olufanisa
|
lufanisa
|
alufanisi
|
olungafanisi
|
lungafanisi
|
Class 14
|
buyafanisa, bufanisa
|
obufanisayo, obufanisa
|
bufanisa
|
abufanisi
|
obungafanisi
|
bungafanisi
|
Class 15
|
kuyafanisa, kufanisa
|
okufanisayo, okufanisa
|
kufanisa
|
akufanisi
|
okungafanisi
|
kungafanisi
|
Class 17
|
kuyafanisa, kufanisa
|
okufanisayo, okufanisa
|
kufanisa
|
akufanisi
|
okungafanisi
|
kungafanisi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngifanisile, ngifanisē
|
engifanisile, engifanisē
|
ngifanisile, ngifanisē
|
angifanisanga
|
engingafanisanga
|
ngingafanisanga
|
2nd singular
|
ufanisile, ufanisē
|
ofanisile, ofanisē
|
ufanisile, ufanisē
|
awufanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
ungafanisanga
|
1st plural
|
sifanisile, sifanisē
|
esifanisile, esifanisē
|
sifanisile, sifanisē
|
asifanisanga
|
esingafanisanga
|
singafanisanga
|
2nd plural
|
nifanisile, nifanisē
|
enifanisile, enifanisē
|
nifanisile, nifanisē
|
anifanisanga
|
eningafanisanga
|
ningafanisanga
|
Class 1
|
ufanisile, ufanisē
|
ofanisile, ofanisē
|
efanisile, efanisē
|
akafanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
Class 2
|
bafanisile, bafanisē
|
abafanisile, abafanisē
|
befanisile, befanisē
|
abafanisanga
|
abangafanisanga
|
bengafanisanga
|
Class 3
|
ufanisile, ufanisē
|
ofanisile, ofanisē
|
ufanisile, ufanisē
|
awufanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
ungafanisanga
|
Class 4
|
ifanisile, ifanisē
|
efanisile, efanisē
|
ifanisile, ifanisē
|
ayifanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
ingafanisanga
|
Class 5
|
lifanisile, lifanisē
|
elifanisile, elifanisē
|
lifanisile, lifanisē
|
alifanisanga
|
elingafanisanga
|
lingafanisanga
|
Class 6
|
afanisile, afanisē
|
afanisile, afanisē
|
efanisile, efanisē
|
awafanisanga
|
angafanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
Class 7
|
sifanisile, sifanisē
|
esifanisile, esifanisē
|
sifanisile, sifanisē
|
asifanisanga
|
esingafanisanga
|
singafanisanga
|
Class 8
|
zifanisile, zifanisē
|
ezifanisile, ezifanisē
|
zifanisile, zifanisē
|
azifanisanga
|
ezingafanisanga
|
zingafanisanga
|
Class 9
|
ifanisile, ifanisē
|
efanisile, efanisē
|
ifanisile, ifanisē
|
ayifanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
ingafanisanga
|
Class 10
|
zifanisile, zifanisē
|
ezifanisile, ezifanisē
|
zifanisile, zifanisē
|
azifanisanga
|
ezingafanisanga
|
zingafanisanga
|
Class 11
|
lufanisile, lufanisē
|
olufanisile, olufanisē
|
lufanisile, lufanisē
|
alufanisanga
|
olungafanisanga
|
lungafanisanga
|
Class 14
|
bufanisile, bufanisē
|
obufanisile, obufanisē
|
bufanisile, bufanisē
|
abufanisanga
|
obungafanisanga
|
bungafanisanga
|
Class 15
|
kufanisile, kufanisē
|
okufanisile, okufanisē
|
kufanisile, kufanisē
|
akufanisanga
|
okungafanisanga
|
kungafanisanga
|
Class 17
|
kufanisile, kufanisē
|
okufanisile, okufanisē
|
kufanisile, kufanisē
|
akufanisanga
|
okungafanisanga
|
kungafanisanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāfanisa
|
engāfanisa
|
ngāfanisa
|
angifanisanga
|
engingafanisanga
|
ngingafanisanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāfanisa
|
owāfanisa
|
wāfanisa
|
awufanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
ungafanisanga
|
1st plural
|
sāfanisa
|
esāfanisa
|
sāfanisa
|
asifanisanga
|
esingafanisanga
|
singafanisanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāfanisa
|
enāfanisa
|
nāfanisa
|
anifanisanga
|
eningafanisanga
|
ningafanisanga
|
Class 1
|
wāfanisa
|
owāfanisa
|
āfanisa
|
akafanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
Class 2
|
bāfanisa
|
abāfanisa
|
bāfanisa
|
abafanisanga
|
abangafanisanga
|
bengafanisanga
|
Class 3
|
wāfanisa
|
owāfanisa
|
wāfanisa
|
awufanisanga
|
ongafanisanga
|
ungafanisanga
|
Class 4
|
yāfanisa
|
eyāfanisa
|
yāfanisa
|
ayifanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
ingafanisanga
|
Class 5
|
lāfanisa
|
elāfanisa
|
lāfanisa
|
alifanisanga
|
elingafanisanga
|
lingafanisanga
|
Class 6
|
āfanisa
|
āfanisa
|
āfanisa
|
awafanisanga
|
angafanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
Class 7
|
sāfanisa
|
esāfanisa
|
sāfanisa
|
asifanisanga
|
esingafanisanga
|
singafanisanga
|
Class 8
|
zāfanisa
|
ezāfanisa
|
zāfanisa
|
azifanisanga
|
ezingafanisanga
|
zingafanisanga
|
Class 9
|
yāfanisa
|
eyāfanisa
|
yāfanisa
|
ayifanisanga
|
engafanisanga
|
ingafanisanga
|
Class 10
|
zāfanisa
|
ezāfanisa
|
zāfanisa
|
azifanisanga
|
ezingafanisanga
|
zingafanisanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāfanisa
|
olwāfanisa
|
lwāfanisa
|
alufanisanga
|
olungafanisanga
|
lungafanisanga
|
Class 14
|
bāfanisa
|
obāfanisa
|
bāfanisa
|
abufanisanga
|
obungafanisanga
|
bungafanisanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāfanisa
|
okwāfanisa
|
kwāfanisa
|
akufanisanga
|
okungafanisanga
|
kungafanisanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāfanisa
|
okwāfanisa
|
kwāfanisa
|
akufanisanga
|
okungafanisanga
|
kungafanisanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingafanisa
|
—
|
ngingafanisa
|
ngingefanise
|
—
|
ngingefanise
|
2nd singular
|
ungafanisa
|
—
|
ungafanisa
|
ungefanise
|
—
|
ungefanise
|
1st plural
|
singafanisa
|
—
|
singafanisa
|
singefanise
|
—
|
singefanise
|
2nd plural
|
ningafanisa
|
—
|
ningafanisa
|
ningefanise
|
—
|
ningefanise
|
Class 1
|
angafanisa
|
—
|
engafanisa
|
angefanise
|
—
|
engefanise
|
Class 2
|
bangafanisa
|
—
|
bengafanisa
|
bangefanise
|
—
|
bengefanise
|
Class 3
|
ungafanisa
|
—
|
ungafanisa
|
ungefanise
|
—
|
ungefanise
|
Class 4
|
ingafanisa
|
—
|
ingafanisa
|
ingefanise
|
—
|
ingefanise
|
Class 5
|
lingafanisa
|
—
|
lingafanisa
|
lingefanise
|
—
|
lingefanise
|
Class 6
|
angafanisa
|
—
|
engafanisa
|
angefanise
|
—
|
engefanise
|
Class 7
|
singafanisa
|
—
|
singafanisa
|
singefanise
|
—
|
singefanise
|
Class 8
|
zingafanisa
|
—
|
zingafanisa
|
zingefanise
|
—
|
zingefanise
|
Class 9
|
ingafanisa
|
—
|
ingafanisa
|
ingefanise
|
—
|
ingefanise
|
Class 10
|
zingafanisa
|
—
|
zingafanisa
|
zingefanise
|
—
|
zingefanise
|
Class 11
|
lungafanisa
|
—
|
lungafanisa
|
lungefanise
|
—
|
lungefanise
|
Class 14
|
bungafanisa
|
—
|
bungafanisa
|
bungefanise
|
—
|
bungefanise
|
Class 15
|
kungafanisa
|
—
|
kungafanisa
|
kungefanise
|
—
|
kungefanise
|
Class 17
|
kungafanisa
|
—
|
kungafanisa
|
kungefanise
|
—
|
kungefanise
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizofanisa
|
engizofanisa
|
ngizofanisa
|
angizufanisa
|
engingezufanisa
|
ngingezufanisa
|
2nd singular
|
uzofanisa
|
ozofanisa
|
uzofanisa
|
awuzufanisa
|
ongezufanisa
|
ungezufanisa
|
1st plural
|
sizofanisa
|
esizofanisa
|
sizofanisa
|
asizufanisa
|
esingezufanisa
|
singezufanisa
|
2nd plural
|
nizofanisa
|
enizofanisa
|
nizofanisa
|
anizufanisa
|
eningezufanisa
|
ningezufanisa
|
Class 1
|
uzofanisa
|
ozofanisa
|
ezofanisa
|
akazufanisa
|
ongezufanisa
|
engezufanisa
|
Class 2
|
bazofanisa
|
abazofanisa
|
bezofanisa
|
abazufanisa
|
abangezufanisa
|
bengezufanisa
|
Class 3
|
uzofanisa
|
ozofanisa
|
uzofanisa
|
awuzufanisa
|
ongezufanisa
|
ungezufanisa
|
Class 4
|
izofanisa
|
ezofanisa
|
izofanisa
|
ayizufanisa
|
engezufanisa
|
ingezufanisa
|
Class 5
|
lizofanisa
|
elizofanisa
|
lizofanisa
|
alizufanisa
|
elingezufanisa
|
lingezufanisa
|
Class 6
|
azofanisa
|
azofanisa
|
ezofanisa
|
awazufanisa
|
angezufanisa
|
engezufanisa
|
Class 7
|
sizofanisa
|
esizofanisa
|
sizofanisa
|
asizufanisa
|
esingezufanisa
|
singezufanisa
|
Class 8
|
zizofanisa
|
ezizofanisa
|
zizofanisa
|
azizufanisa
|
ezingezufanisa
|
zingezufanisa
|
Class 9
|
izofanisa
|
ezofanisa
|
izofanisa
|
ayizufanisa
|
engezufanisa
|
ingezufanisa
|
Class 10
|
zizofanisa
|
ezizofanisa
|
zizofanisa
|
azizufanisa
|
ezingezufanisa
|
zingezufanisa
|
Class 11
|
luzofanisa
|
oluzofanisa
|
luzofanisa
|
aluzufanisa
|
olungezufanisa
|
lungezufanisa
|
Class 14
|
buzofanisa
|
obuzofanisa
|
buzofanisa
|
abuzufanisa
|
obungezufanisa
|
bungezufanisa
|
Class 15
|
kuzofanisa
|
okuzofanisa
|
kuzofanisa
|
akuzufanisa
|
okungezufanisa
|
kungezufanisa
|
Class 17
|
kuzofanisa
|
okuzofanisa
|
kuzofanisa
|
akuzufanisa
|
okungezufanisa
|
kungezufanisa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyofanisa
|
engiyofanisa
|
ngiyofanisa
|
angiyufanisa
|
engingeyufanisa
|
ngingeyufanisa
|
2nd singular
|
uyofanisa
|
oyofanisa
|
uyofanisa
|
awuyufanisa
|
ongeyufanisa
|
ungeyufanisa
|
1st plural
|
siyofanisa
|
esiyofanisa
|
siyofanisa
|
asiyufanisa
|
esingeyufanisa
|
singeyufanisa
|
2nd plural
|
niyofanisa
|
eniyofanisa
|
niyofanisa
|
aniyufanisa
|
eningeyufanisa
|
ningeyufanisa
|
Class 1
|
uyofanisa
|
oyofanisa
|
eyofanisa
|
akayufanisa
|
ongeyufanisa
|
engeyufanisa
|
Class 2
|
bayofanisa
|
abayofanisa
|
beyofanisa
|
abayufanisa
|
abangeyufanisa
|
bengeyufanisa
|
Class 3
|
uyofanisa
|
oyofanisa
|
uyofanisa
|
awuyufanisa
|
ongeyufanisa
|
ungeyufanisa
|
Class 4
|
iyofanisa
|
eyofanisa
|
iyofanisa
|
ayiyufanisa
|
engeyufanisa
|
ingeyufanisa
|
Class 5
|
liyofanisa
|
eliyofanisa
|
liyofanisa
|
aliyufanisa
|
elingeyufanisa
|
lingeyufanisa
|
Class 6
|
ayofanisa
|
ayofanisa
|
eyofanisa
|
awayufanisa
|
angeyufanisa
|
engeyufanisa
|
Class 7
|
siyofanisa
|
esiyofanisa
|
siyofanisa
|
asiyufanisa
|
esingeyufanisa
|
singeyufanisa
|
Class 8
|
ziyofanisa
|
eziyofanisa
|
ziyofanisa
|
aziyufanisa
|
ezingeyufanisa
|
zingeyufanisa
|
Class 9
|
iyofanisa
|
eyofanisa
|
iyofanisa
|
ayiyufanisa
|
engeyufanisa
|
ingeyufanisa
|
Class 10
|
ziyofanisa
|
eziyofanisa
|
ziyofanisa
|
aziyufanisa
|
ezingeyufanisa
|
zingeyufanisa
|
Class 11
|
luyofanisa
|
oluyofanisa
|
luyofanisa
|
aluyufanisa
|
olungeyufanisa
|
lungeyufanisa
|
Class 14
|
buyofanisa
|
obuyofanisa
|
buyofanisa
|
abuyufanisa
|
obungeyufanisa
|
bungeyufanisa
|
Class 15
|
kuyofanisa
|
okuyofanisa
|
kuyofanisa
|
akuyufanisa
|
okungeyufanisa
|
kungeyufanisa
|
Class 17
|
kuyofanisa
|
okuyofanisa
|
kuyofanisa
|
akuyufanisa
|
okungeyufanisa
|
kungeyufanisa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngifanise
|
ngingafanisi
|
2nd singular
|
ufanise
|
ungafanisi
|
1st plural
|
sifanise
|
singafanisi
|
2nd plural
|
nifanise
|
ningafanisi
|
Class 1
|
afanise
|
angafanisi
|
Class 2
|
bafanise
|
bangafanisi
|
Class 3
|
ufanise
|
ungafanisi
|
Class 4
|
ifanise
|
ingafanisi
|
Class 5
|
lifanise
|
lingafanisi
|
Class 6
|
afanise
|
angafanisi
|
Class 7
|
sifanise
|
singafanisi
|
Class 8
|
zifanise
|
zingafanisi
|
Class 9
|
ifanise
|
ingafanisi
|
Class 10
|
zifanise
|
zingafanisi
|
Class 11
|
lufanise
|
lungafanisi
|
Class 14
|
bufanise
|
bungafanisi
|
Class 15
|
kufanise
|
kungafanisi
|
Class 17
|
kufanise
|
kungafanisi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngafanisa
|
ngangafanisa, angafanisa, angangafanisa
|
2nd singular
|
wafanisa
|
wangafanisa, awafanisa, awangafanisa
|
1st plural
|
safanisa
|
sangafanisa, asafanisa, asangafanisa
|
2nd plural
|
nafanisa
|
nangafanisa, anafanisa, anangafanisa
|
Class 1
|
wafanisa
|
wangafanisa, akafanisa, akangafanisa
|
Class 2
|
bafanisa
|
bangafanisa, abafanisa, abangafanisa
|
Class 3
|
wafanisa
|
wangafanisa, awafanisa, awangafanisa
|
Class 4
|
yafanisa
|
yangafanisa, ayafanisa, ayangafanisa
|
Class 5
|
lafanisa
|
langafanisa, alafanisa, alangafanisa
|
Class 6
|
afanisa
|
angafanisa, awafanisa, awangafanisa
|
Class 7
|
safanisa
|
sangafanisa, asafanisa, asangafanisa
|
Class 8
|
zafanisa
|
zangafanisa, azafanisa, azangafanisa
|
Class 9
|
yafanisa
|
yangafanisa, ayafanisa, ayangafanisa
|
Class 10
|
zafanisa
|
zangafanisa, azafanisa, azangafanisa
|
Class 11
|
lwafanisa
|
lwangafanisa, alwafanisa, alwangafanisa
|
Class 14
|
bafanisa
|
bangafanisa, abafanisa, abangafanisa
|
Class 15
|
kwafanisa
|
kwangafanisa, akwafanisa, akwangafanisa
|
Class 17
|
kwafanisa
|
kwangafanisa, akwafanisa, akwangafanisa
|