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dara

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dara"
Languages (31)
Bikol Central • Crimean Tatar • Dharug • Hungarian • Iban • Ilocano • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Javanese • Kapampangan • Khalaj • Latvian • Malay • Maltese • Maranao • Narua • Nupe • Old Irish • Old Javanese • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Shelta • Swahili • Tagalog • Taroko • Turkish • Wanyi • Wolof • Yoruba
Page categories

Bikol Central

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Tagalog dala, Cebuano dala, Kapampangan dala, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /daˈɾa/ [d̪aˈɾa]
  • Hyphenation: da‧ra

Verb

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dará (plural darara, Basahan spelling ᜇᜍ)

  1. to bring
  2. to be swayed (by other's opinion)
  3. (by extension) to carry
    Synonyms: bitbit, karga

Derived terms

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Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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dara

  1. tare

Declension

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Declension of dara
nominative dara
genitive daranıñ
dative darağa
accusative daranı
locative darada
ablative daradan

Dharug

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Noun

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dara

  1. tooth

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish darı.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdɒrɒ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: da‧ra
  • Rhymes: -rɒ

Noun

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dara (usually uncountable, plural darák)

  1. grits (hulled and coarsely ground grain)
  2. (weather) sleet, ice pellets

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative dara darák
accusative darát darákat
dative darának daráknak
instrumental darával darákkal
causal-final daráért darákért
translative darává darákká
terminative daráig darákig
essive-formal daraként darákként
essive-modal — —
inessive darában darákban
superessive darán darákon
adessive daránál daráknál
illative darába darákba
sublative darára darákra
allative darához darákhoz
elative darából darákból
delative daráról darákról
ablative darától daráktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		daráé daráké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		daráéi darákéi
Possessive forms of dara
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. darám daráim
2nd person sing. darád daráid
3rd person sing. darája darái
1st person plural daránk daráink
2nd person plural darátok daráitok
3rd person plural darájuk daráik

Derived terms

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Compound words

References

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  1. ^ dara in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • dara in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • dara in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Iban

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdara]
  • Hyphenation: da‧ra

Noun

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dara

  1. maiden, virgin
  2. virginity

Ilocano

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq; cognate with Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /daˈɾa/ [dɐˈɾa]
  • Hyphenation: da‧ra

Noun

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dará (Kur-itan spelling ᜇᜎ)

  1. blood

Derived terms

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Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdara]
  • Hyphenation: da‧ra

Etymology 1

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From Malay dara, from Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

Noun

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dara (first-person possessive daraku, second-person possessive daramu, third-person possessive daranya)

  1. maiden, virgin
  2. virginity
  3. female cattle that are more than one year old and have never given birth even though they are pregnant
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Malay dara, possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā.

Noun

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dara (first-person possessive daraku, second-person possessive daramu, third-person possessive daranya)

  1. pigeon (Columba domestica).
    Synonym: merpati

Further reading

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Interlingua

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Verb

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dara

  1. future of dar

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Irish numbers (edit)
20
[a], [b] ←  1 2 3  → 
    Cardinal: dó
    Ordinal: dara, dóú
    Personal: beirt, dís
    Attributive: dhá

From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

Alternative forms

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Numeral

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dara (triggers h-prothesis)

  1. second
    an dara haois ― the second century
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 54:
      caiŕə n darə ūntū ŕ hȳv nə l̄āvə ḱlī.
      [Teighre an dara hiontú ar thaoibh na láimhe clí.]
      Take the second turn on the left-hand side.
      (literally, “Go…”)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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dara

  1. genitive singular of dair (“oak”)

Mutation

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Mutated forms of dara
radical lenition eclipsis
dara dhara ndara

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 97

Javanese

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Romanization

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dara

  1. Romanization of ꦢꦫ

Kapampangan

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Noun

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dara

  1. aunt

Khalaj

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Perso-Arabic دَره

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian دره (dare).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [daɾa], [dæ̞ɾa], [dæɾa]
  • (Talxâbî, Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [daɾa]

Noun

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dara (definite accusative darañ, plural daralar)

  1. valley
  2. gorge, ravine, canyon

Declension

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Declension of dara
singular plural
nominative dara daralar
genitive darañ daralarııñ
dative daraqa daralarqa
definite accusative darañ daraları
locative daraça daralarça
ablative darada daralarda
instrumental darala daralarla
equative daravâra daralarvâra

References

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  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

Latvian

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Verb

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dara

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of darīt
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of darīt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of darīt

Malay

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

Noun

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dara (Jawi spelling دارا, informal 1st possessive daraku, 2nd possessive daramu, 3rd possessive daranya)

  1. maiden, virgin
    Synonyms: gadis, perawan
  2. virginity
    Synonym: keperawanan
Derived terms
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Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • kedaraan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
  • perdaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

Descendants
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  • Indonesian: dara

Etymology 2

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Possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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dara (Jawi spelling دارا)

  1. pigeon (Columba domestica)
    Synonym: merpati
Descendants
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Further reading

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Maltese

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Root
d-r-w
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic دَرَى (darā, “to know”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dara (imperfect jidra)

  1. to get used to (adapt to something new, make it customary)
  2. to become acquainted with (learn the basics of something new)

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of dara
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m drajt drajt dara drajna drajtu draw
f drat
imperfect m nidra tidra jidra nidraw tidraw jidraw
f tidra
imperative idra idraw

Maranao

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq. Compare Ilocano dara, Pangasinan dala, Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

Noun

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dara

  1. blood
    Synonym: rogo'

References

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Narua

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Noun

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dara

  1. winter

Nupe

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Dará

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dará (plural darázhì)

  1. tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica)
    Synonym: daráci

References

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  • Roger Blench, Nupe Plants and Trees Their Names and Uses (2008)

Old Irish

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Etymology

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Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) +‎ a (“his, her, its, their”)

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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dara (triggers lenition in the meaning “his, its”, h-prothesis in the meaning “her”, and nasalization in the meaning “their”)

  1. over/across his/her/its/their

Old Javanese

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Other scripts
Kawi
Javanese ꦢꦫ
Balinese
Roman dara

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dara

  1. Alternative spelling of darā (“pigeon; dove”)

References

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  • "dara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طاره (dara).

Noun

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dara f (plural darale)

  1. tare (empty weight of a container)

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative dara daraua {{{pl}}} {{{pl}}}le
genitive-dative {{{pl}}} {{{pl}}}i {{{pl}}} {{{pl}}}lor
vocative — —

Scottish Gaelic

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Scottish Gaelic numbers (edit)
20
 ←  1 2 3  → [a], [b], [c]
    Cardinal: dà
    Standalone: a dhà
    Ordinal: dàrna, dara
    Ordinal abbreviation: 2na, 2ra
    Personal: dithis
    Multiplier: dà-fhillte, dùbailte
    Fractional: leth

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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an dara

  1. second

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh

Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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dara (Cyrillic spelling дара)

  1. genitive singular of dar

Shelta

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Etymology

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Reversed and modified from the Irish arán.

Noun

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dara

  1. bread

References

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  • Language in Danger Andrew Dalby, 2003

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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-dara (infinitive kudara)

  1. to touch

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -dara
Positive present -nadara
Subjunctive -dare
Negative -dari
Imperative singular dara
Infinitives
Positive kudara
Negative kutodara
Imperatives
Singular dara
Plural dareni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudara
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidara
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudara
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadara)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadara/nadara tunadara
2nd person unadara mnadara
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadara wanadara
other classes positive subject concord + -nadara
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dari)
Singular Plural
1st person sidari hatudari
2nd person hudari hamdari
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadari hawadari
other classes negative subject concord + -dari
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadara
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadara
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dare)
Singular Plural
1st person nidare tudare
2nd person udare mdare
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adare wadare
other classes positive subject concord + -dare
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidare
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedara
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedara
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidara
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidara
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adara)
Singular Plural
1st person nadara twadara
2nd person wadara mwadara
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adara wadara
m-mi(III/IV) wadara yadara
ji-ma(V/VI) ladara yadara
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadara vyadara
n(IX/X) yadara zadara
u(XI) wadara see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadara
pa(XVI) padara
mu(XVIII) mwadara
Perfect positive subject concord + -medara
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadara
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadara
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidara
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodara
Consecutive kadara / positive subject concord + -kadara
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadare
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidara -tudara
2nd person -kudara -wadara/-kudareni/-wadareni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdara -wadara
m-mi(III/IV) -udara -idara
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidara -yadara
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidara -vidara
n(IX/X) -idara -zidara
u(XI) -udara see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudara
pa(XVI) -padara
mu(XVIII) -mudara
Reflexive -jidara
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dara- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -daraye -darao
m-mi(III/IV) -darao -darayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -daralo -darayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -daracho -daravyo
n(IX/X) -darayo -darazo
u(XI) -darao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -darako
pa(XVI) -darapo
mu(XVIII) -daramo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dara)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedara -odara
m-mi(III/IV) -odara -yodara
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodara -yodara
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodara -vyodara
n(IX/X) -yodara -zodara
u(XI) -odara see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodara
pa(XVI) -podara
mu(XVIII) -modara
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dará (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ)

  1. angry shout (usually accompanied with the stamping of feet)
  2. (obsolete) act of speaking a lot
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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darà (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

  1. argument through words
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dara (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

  1. rushing someone by yelling
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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darâ (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

  1. name of the Baybayin letter ᜇ, corresponding to "da" or "ra"

See also

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Further reading

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  • “dara”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
  • San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎[3], La Noble Villa de Pila
    • page 211: “D) Dara (pc) anſi llaman eſtos [a la] D .|. dara yaon .|. ᜇ . Confunden la en la pronunciaçion q̃ ni ſe ſabe ſi es .d. o ſi es .r. y en la eſcritura eſpañola ya la escriuen con .d. ya con .r. la regla ſea q̃ ſi la raiz tiene dos .rr. la primera ſea .d. y la ſegunda .r. vi. darang, d.r, diril, durug . &c.”
    • page 526: “Reñir) Dara (pp) de palabra ſin manos”
    • page 532: “Riña) Dara (pp) de palabra [y no] de manos”

Taroko

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

Noun

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dara

  1. blood
  2. menstrual blood

Turkish

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Noun

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dara (definite accusative darayı, plural daralar)

  1. tare

Wanyi

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Noun

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dara

  1. dog
    daramukunu — there are many dogs around

References

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  • Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)

Wolof

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dara

  1. nothing

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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From dá (“to be good”) +‎ ara (“body”).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dára

  1. to be good, fine, fair
    Kò dára kí a máa gbàgbé àṣà wa. ― It's not good for us to forget our culture.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From dá (“to create”) +‎ àrà (“marvel; wonder”)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dárà

  1. to perform tricks
  2. to embellish; to decorate
    Tẹ́lẹ̀, mo máa ń dárà sí ilé. ― Before, I used to decorate homes.
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