gmj

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛmi/
  • Conventional anglicization: gemi

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) To (seek and) find. [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15:

     ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw

     capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found

2. (transitive, also used with a genitive or r) To find a way to go.
3. (with a genitive) To find a way to do something. [Kushite period]
4. (transitive) To find a way out (of difficulties, etc.). [Old Kingdom]
5. (transitive) To discover, find, locate.
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48:

     gm.n.j dꜣbw jꜣrrt jm jꜣqt nbt špst

     I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.

6. (transitive) To come across, happen upon.
7. (transitive) To meet (someone).
8. (transitive) To ascertain, discern, recognize.
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 60–62:

     kf.n.j ḥr.j gm.n.j ḥfꜣw pw jw.f m jjt

     When I uncovered my face, I found it was a snake. He was coming!

9. (transitive) To determine or find to be in a particular state.
   • c. 2112–2063 BCE (reign of Intef II), Funerary stele of Rediu-Khnum from his tomb at Dendera (UE 6) (Cairo CG 20543), line A13–A14:^[2][3]

     srwd.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) wzṯ(.w) ṯz.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) fdq(.w) mḥ.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) jꜣṯ(.w)

     I made firm what I found dilapidated; I joined together what I found cut apart; I replenished what I found injured.

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 157:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n šm.kw r smjt st gm.n.j sw rḫ st

     Then I went to report it but found him (already) aware of it.

10. (transitive) To officially establish or determine; to judge, to rule.
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 18:

      gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥ.w rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f

      Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him.

11. (transitive) To diagnose.
12. (transitive) To calculate (a numerical result).
13. (transitive) To achieve, receive (a position).
14. (transitive) To devise (something).
15. (intransitive, of a limb) To know how to use properly.
16. (catenative, generally negated) To be able to.
17. (transitive) To control a land.

This verb is often used with a following adverb clause introduced by a stative without a preceding subject; the subject of this stative is then ordinarily identical with the object of gmj.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gmj  

gmj	gmj	gmj	gmj
[Old Kingdom (most common), Middle Kingdom (less common), Late Period, Greco-Roman Period (most common again)]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]

• Demotic: gm
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲓⲙⲓ (čimi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲓⲙⲓ (cimi), ϭⲓⲛⲓ (cini), ϫⲓⲛⲓ (čini), ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 166.6–169.8
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219.