bez
English
editEtymology 1
editSee bezantler.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbez (plural bezes)
Translations
edit
|
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editVerb
editbez
- (nonstandard, dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
- 2007 October 20, NiggydaHoe, “Re: 79yr old Nigger Idiot was suspended for racist bullshit”, in alt.music.white-power[1] (Usenet):
- We bez run to 'da good bad white man. He gonna fire 'da ova bad white man.
If 'da bad white man cain't sayz be[sic] niggas bez stupid in 'da heaad, wif' low
iq an' shit, 'dat mus' mean we bez humans.
- (nonstandard, dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
See also
editAnagrams
editAlbanian
editNoun
editbez m (definite bezi)
- Alternative form of bëz
Aragonese
editNoun
editbez f
Basque
editNoun
editbez
Czech
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.
Noun
editbez m inan
Declension
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.
Preposition
editbez [with genitive]
Further reading
editKashubian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Preposition
editbez [with genitive]
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editCompare Polish bez and Silesian bez.
Preposition
editbez [with accusative]
Further reading
edit- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “bez”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “bez”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[4], volume 1, page 73
- “bez”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka, Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latgalian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latvian bez and Lithuanian be.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editbez (+ genitive)
References
edit- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 71
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latgalian bez and Lithuanian be.
Preposition
editbez (with genitive)
Derived terms
editOld Czech
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ.
Noun
editbez m inan
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | bez | bzy | bzi, bzové |
genitive | bza, bzu | bzú | bzóv |
dative | bzu | bzoma | bzóm |
accusative | bez | bzy | bzy |
vocative | bze | bzy | bzi, bzové |
locative | bzě, bzu | bzú | bziech |
instrumental | bzem | bzoma | bzy |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
edit- Czech: bez
Etymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Preposition
editbez [with genitive]
- Denotes lack; without
- bez diva ― normally
- bez čísla ― countless
- Umřěl bez časa. ― He died prematurely.
- V ten čas bez města budieše ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Jest juž bez ňeho. ― He's already dead.
- Denotes action carried out against someone's wishes.
- Denotes interrupted action.
- Determines proximity in amount; nearly
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Czech: bez
References
edit- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bez”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ. First attested in the 15th century.
Noun
editbez m animacy unattested
- (attested in Greater Poland) elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
- 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[5], [6], [7], volume XXIV, Grochów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kcynia, page 65:
- Bess arborem fetidam
- [Bez arborem fetidam]
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. First attested in 1418.
Preposition
editbez
- (attested in Lesser Poland) without [with genitive]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki[8], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego, pages 106, 4:
- Zblandzyly sø na pvsczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)
- [Zbłądzili są na puszczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)]
- (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland) contra, against [with genitive]
- 1897 [1409], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego[9], volume IV, number 1742, Łęczyca Land:
- Albertus jan mego czloweka... besz prawa
- [Albertus jął mego człowieka... bez prawa]
- 1901 [1425], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, Radom, Sandomierz, Opoczno, page 304:
- Ysze Jan Marczina kmecza *Szvinanywa dzirszal gy w yanczwe... y puszczyl gy bez urzandu szemskyego
- [Iże Jan Marcina kmiecia Świnianiwa dzirżał ji w jeństwie... i puścił ji bez urzędu ziemskiego]
- 1895 [1425], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici[10], volume VIIIa, page 166:
- Helwig ne poslal trzidzeszanth woszow do laszu Oppatowa besz yego woley
- [Helwig nie posłał trzydziesiąt wozow do lasu opatowa bez jego wolej]
- 1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VII, page 564:
- Besz gych dzyaky an eren wyllen
- [Bez jich dzięki an eren wyllen]
- (attested in Greater Poland) besides, except [with genitive]
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich, volume 6, Poniec, page 129:
- Mogaly przyszyasznyczy myecz oszobnego pyszarza besz raczkyego, szlowye myesczkyego pyszarza?
- [Mogąli przysiężnicy mieć osobnego pisarza bez radzkiego, słowie miesckiego pisarza?]
- before [with genitive]
- 1886 [c. 1455-1460], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Die polnische Recension der Magdeburger Urtheile und die einschlägigen deutschen, lateinischen und czechischen Sammlungen, page 185:
- Przyszaszely ku przysząstwu besz wyrzeczonego czassv, ten nye moze szye szam szandzycz przez przysząstwa przesz swe obesczye
- [Przysiężeli ku przysięstwu bez wyrzeczonego czasu, ten nie może sie sam zsadzić [prze]z przysięstwa przez swe obeście]
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 3
editFrom bez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition przez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez was about to replace bez around the 14th-15th century. In the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed, however.[1] First attested in c. 1512.
Preposition
editbez
- through, by [with accusative]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[11], page 103:
- Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrową lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu
- [Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrowę lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu]
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “bez”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 21
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. bez, beze”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. bez”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editPronunciation
edit- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Greater Poland):
- (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Kuyavia) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Central Greater Poland) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Masovia):
- (Near Masovian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Far Masovian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛs
- Syllabification: bez
- Homophones: Bes, bez-
Etymology 1
editInherited from Old Polish bez.
Noun
editbez m inan
- elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
- lilac (bush of genus Syringa)
- Synonym: lilak
- pachnieć bzem ― to smell of lilac
Declension
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
editbez
- without, lacking [with genitive ‘what’]
- Antonym: z
- Proszę o kawę bez mleka. ― A coffee with no milk, please.
- (Middle Polish) minus, less
- (Middle Polish) contra, against
- (Middle Polish) besides, except
- (Middle Polish) without; Further details are uncertain.
- 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski[12], page 116b:
- extra placitum, besz voley, nad volyą
- [extra placitum, bez wolej, nad wolą]
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editTrivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bez is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 70 times in scientific texts, 52 times in news, 89 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 119 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 459 times, making it the 99th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 3
editInherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
editbez
- (Poznań) because of [with accusative ‘what’]
- Synonym: z powodu
- (dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Central Greater Poland, Near Masovian, Far Masovian) across, through [with accusative ‘what’]
- Synonym: przez
- Bez ten płot nie mógem preleźć. (Far Masovian) ― I couldn't go across this fence.
- 2000, Aneta Majkowska, Polszczyzna mówiona mieszkańców Częstochowy, page 185:
- Nie tu szosą tylko drogą polną bez pola my jechali z chłopem sąsiadki.
- We drove through the fields with the neighbor's man, not on the paved road, but on a dirt road.
Etymology 4
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editbez f
References
editFurther reading
edit- bez I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bez II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bez in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez, beze, biez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
- “BEZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku, 2016 November 9
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 119
- Oskar Kolberg (1867) “bez”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 268
- Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “bez”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 298
- Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “bez”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 240
- Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “bez”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 103
- Oskar Kolberg (1877) “bez”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 17
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old Church Slavonic без (bez), from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Adverb
editbez
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare bez- and bes-.
Alternative forms
editPreposition
editbèz (Cyrillic spelling бѐз) (+ genitive case)
- without, excluding, not counting
- bez sumnje ― without a doubt
- ostati bez nečega ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)
- bez obzira na.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is
- bez kraja i konca ― endlessly, without end
- ne bez razloga ― not without a reason
- bez srca ― heartlessly, without a heart
- bez r(ij)eči ― without a word, speechless
- biti bez nečega ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to bezistan, bezli, besofra and bespara.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbȅz m (Cyrillic spelling бе̏з)
- linen, canvas
- (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ćereće, sedeluk, kafez or kafez-bez, melez, harir, šejtanbez and harirbez.
Declension
editReferences
editSilesian
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
editbez [with genitive]
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
editbez [with accusative]
- Alternative form of przez
Further reading
editSlovak
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editbez [with genitive]
Further reading
edit- “bez”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Tatar
editNoun
editbez
Turkish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Ottoman Turkish بز (bez); see there for more. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz), however, an influence from Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos) has been postulated in order to explain the mismatch in the vowels.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)
Declension
editInflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
Etymology 2
editFrom Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Proto-Turkic *beŕ.
Cognate with Kazakh без (bez, “gland”), Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”), Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”), Uzbek bez (“gland”), Uyghur بەز (bez, “gland”), Turkmen mäz (“gland”), Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”), Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), Chuvash пар (par, “gland”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)
Declension
editInflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
References
edit- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2018) “Fabrication of Turkic böz 'fabric' in Japan and Korea”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 71, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 263–284.
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Rhymes:English/iːz
- Rhymes:English/iːz/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
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- en:Cervids
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- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:Czech/ɛs
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- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
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- cs:Moschatel family plants
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- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛs
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- zlw-ocs:Moschatel family plants
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Greater Poland Old Polish
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- zlw-opl:Moschatel family plants
- Polish 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Polish/ɛs
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- pl:Moschatel family plants
- pl:Olive family plants
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- sh:Clothing
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- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs
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- tr:Anatomy