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aku

See also: akū, Aku, Akụ, āku, āķu, and a'kü
Languages (32)
Translingual
Banjarese • Brooke's Point Palawano • Estonian • Greenlandic • Guaraní • Hadza • Hawaiian • Iban • Indonesian • Japanese • Jarai • Javanese • Kabishiana • Kapampangan • Karo Batak • Latvian • Malay • Maori • Mbyá Guaraní • Mmen • Mori Bawah • Moronene • Nupe • Old Javanese • Quechua • Sasak • Tagal Murut • Tausug • Ternate • Tokelauan • Totoli
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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aku

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Akum.

See also

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Banjarese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Brooke's Point Palawano

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Etymology

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From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)

Estonian

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Etymology

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A reduction of akumulaator, ultimately from Latin accumulātor.

Noun

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aku (genitive aku, partitive akut)

  1. battery, cell, accumulator

Declension

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Declension of aku (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative aku akud
accusative nom.
gen. aku
genitive akude
partitive akut akusid
illative akku
akusse 		akudesse
inessive akus akudes
elative akust akudest
allative akule akudele
adessive akul akudel
ablative akult akudelt
translative akuks akudeks
terminative akuni akudeni
essive akuna akudena
abessive akuta akudeta
comitative akuga akudega

Greenlandic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Inuit *aku- (“interval, to mix”), from Proto-Eskimo *akuv- (“between, to mix”). Compare akunneq (“interval”) and akulaaq (“crotch”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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aku (plural akut)

  1. ingredient
  2. estuary, mouth of a river

Declension

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Declension of aku (type illu)
case singular plural
Absolutive aku akut
Ergative akup
Instrumental akumik akunik
Allative akumut akunut
Ablative akumit akunit
Locative akumi akuni
Prolative akukkut akutigut
Equative akutut
First-person singular declension of akuga (type illu)
case singular plural
Absolutive akuga akukka
Ergative akuma
Instrumental akunnik
Allative akunnut
Ablative akunnit
Locative akunni
Prolative akukkut
Equative akuttut

Further reading

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Guaraní

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Adjective

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aku

  1. hot

Hadza

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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aku

  1. what kind?, which?
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Hawaiian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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aku

  1. bonito, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Particle

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aku

  1. direction away from the speaker, away
  2. soon, later, earlier, last (week, year, etc.)

Usage notes

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  • Mai and aku may change the meaning of the verb:
    aʻo mai (“to learn”) — aʻo aku (“to teach”)
    kūʻai mai (“to buy”) — kūʻai aku (“to sell”)

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Iban

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Indonesian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Malay aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈaku/ [ˈa.ku]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Syllabification: a‧ku

Pronoun

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aku

  1. (casual or informal) First person singular pronoun: I, me, my
    Pagi ini aku makan ikan.
    This morning I ate fish.
    Dia mengajak aku berjalan-jalan di taman.
    He invited me to take a walk in the park.
    Kucing aku sedang tidur.
    My cat is sleeping.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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Indonesian Personal Pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive aku,
saya1 		kami
inclusive - kita
2nd person kamu,
Anda2
kau3 kalian,
Anda sekalian2,
kamu sekalian5
3rd person dia,
ia3,
beliau4 		mereka
1Polite.
2Formal.
3Now mostly dialectal or literary.
4Honorific.

5Literary or poetic.
Notes:
This table only shows some personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.
The second person pronouns is avoided when speaking politely in casual contexts, especially to someone of higher status or older.
Not including the clitic pronouns.

Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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aku

  1. Rōmaji transcription of あく

Jarai

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuR, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuR.

Noun

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aku (classifier ƀĕ)

  1. tail

Javanese

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Romanization

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aku

  1. Romanization of ꦲꦏꦸ

Kabishiana

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Noun

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äḳu

  1. water

References

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  • Merritt Ruhlen, The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue (1996, →ISBN

Kapampangan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈaku/ [ˈäː.xu]
  • Hyphenation: a‧ku

Pronoun

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áku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Karo Batak

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Latvian

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Noun

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aku f

  1. inflection of aka:
    1. accusative/instrumental singular
    2. genitive plural

Malay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

  1. I (personal pronoun)
    Aku orang itu.
    I am that person.
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
    Ini aku.
    This is me.
  5. my (belonging to me)
    Ini beg aku.
    This is my bag.

Usage notes

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  • Should not be used when speaking to anyone who is elder or of a higher status.

Synonyms

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Verb

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aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

  1. to confess, to admit to be true.
    Dia akui kesalahan dirinya
    He admits his own mistake.

Derived terms

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See also

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Malay personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person standard saya／ساي
aku／اکو, ku-／كو- (informal/towards God)
-ku／-كو (informal possessive)
hamba／همبا (dated) 		kami／کامي (exclusive)
kita orang／كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive)
kita／کيت (inclusive)
royal beta／بيتا
2nd person standard kamu／کامو
anda／اندا (formal)
engkau／اڠکاو, kau-／كاو- (informal/towards God)
awak／اوق (friendly/older towards younger)
-mu／-مو (possessive) 		awak semua／اوق سموا
kamu semua／كامو سموا
kalian／کالين (informal)
kau orang／كاو اورڠ (informal)
royal tuanku／توانكو
3rd person standard dia／دي
ia／اي
beliau／بلياو (honorific)
-nya／-ڽ (possessive) 		mereka／مريک
dia orang／دي اورڠ (informal)
royal baginda／بݢيندا

Further reading

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Maori

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Etymology

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From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *au, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *au, from Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
Cognate with Indonesian aku, Malagasy aho, Tagalog ako.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. my (when talking of more than one thing)
    Ko aku tīpuna ērā. ― Those are my grandparents.

Usage notes

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A possessive determiner which must be followed by a noun, unlike āku and ōku. This is the neutral or informal form and is not governed by the a and o categories. It cannot be stressed, in which case either āku or ōku must be used, depending on the category of the noun.

Declension

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Maori possessive pronouns
singular object dual/plural object
singular subject A category O category Neutral A category O category Neutral
1st person tāku tōku taku āku ōku aku
2nd person tāu tōu tō āu ōu ō
3rd person tāna tōna tana āna ōna ana
dual subject
1st person, inclusive tā tāua tō tāua - ā tāua ō tāua -
1st person, exclusive tā māua tō māua - ā māua ō māua -
2nd person tā kōrua tō kōrua - ā kōrua ō kōrua -
3rd person tā rāua tō rāua - ā rāua ō rāua -
plural subject
1st person, inclusive tā tātou tō tātou - ā tātou ō tātou -
1st person, exclusive tā mātou tō mātou - ā mātou ō mātou -
2nd person tā koutou tō koutou - ā koutou ō koutou -
3rd person tā rātou tō rātou - ā rātou ō rātou -
A category: alienable possession; possessor has control of the relationship.
O category: inalienable possession; possessor has no control over the relationship.

References

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  • “aku” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mbyá Guaraní

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Adjective

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aku

  1. (to be) hot

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of aku
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
xee xeraku ndee nderaku ha'e haku nhande nhanderaku ore oreraku peẽ penderaku ha'e haku

Mmen

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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aku

  1. forest

Further reading

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Mori Bawah

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Moronene

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Nupe

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Àkú

Etymology

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From Hausa aku.

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /à.kú/

Noun

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àkú (plural àkúzhì)

  1. African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Javanese: ꦲꦏꦸ (aku)

References

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  • "aku" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Quechua

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Quechuan *aku.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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aku

  1. flour, a milled cereal
    Synonyms: hak'u (Cuzco-Collao), haku (Ayacucho)
  2. (Cuzco) chewed coca
  3. (Collao) resting time after chewing coca

Sasak

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Tagal Murut

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)

Tausug

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku.

Pronunciation

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  • (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA(key): /ʔaku/ [ʔɑˈk̠u]
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Syllabification: a‧ku

Pronoun

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aku (Sulat Sūg spelling اَكُ)

  1. I

Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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aku (Jawi أكو)

  1. (auxiliary) to be allowed, may
    aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira ― it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier
    una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua ― he enters the kitchen, she may not
    ngone fosabea ge aku ― we (incl.) may pray for that

Usage notes

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As an auxiliary, aku follows the main verb. It may take the subject clitics (o, mo, etc.) only either for emphasis or when aku is used as the sole verb in a sentence.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of aku
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st toaku foaku miaku
2nd noaku niaku
3rd Masculine oaku iaku, yoaku†
Feminine moaku
Neuter iaku
† - archaic

References

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  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tokelauan

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈa.ku]
  • Hyphenation: a‧ku

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Polynesian *qa-ku. Cognates include Maori āku.

Pronoun

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a aku

  1. (alienable) mine
See also
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Tokelauan possessive pronouns
Inalienable (O-type)
singular dual plural
long short
1st person (excl.) o oku, o kita1 o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person o ōu, o koe o koulua o koutou
3rd person o ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Alienable (A-type)
singular dual plural
long short
1st person (excl.) a aku, a kita1 a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person a āu, a koe a koulua a koutou
3rd person a ana a lāua a lā a lātou
1) Sympathetic
*) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns

Determiner

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aku

  1. (alienable) my
See also
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Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) toku,
tota1 		to māua to mā to mātou oku,
ota1 		o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― to tāua to tā to tātou ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person tō toulua toutou ō oulua outou
3rd person tona to lāua to lā to lātou ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Definite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) taku,
tata1 		ta māua ta mā ta mātou aku,
ata1 		a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ta tāua ta tā ta tātou ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person tau taulua tautou au aulua autou
3rd person tana ta lāua ta lā ta lātou ana a lāua a lā a lātou
Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) hoku,
hota1 		ho māua ho mā ho mātou ni oku,
ni ota1 		ni o māua ni o mā ni o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ho tāua ho tā ho tātou ― ni o tāua ni o tā ni o tātou
2nd person hō houlua houtou ni ō ni oulua ni outou
3rd person hona ho lāua ho lā ho lātou ni ona ni o lāua ni o lā ni o lātou
Indefinite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) haku,
hata1 		ha māua ha mā ha mātou ni aku,
ni ata1 		ni a māua ni a mā ni a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ha tāua ha tā ha tātou ― ni a tāua ni a tā ni a tātou
2nd person hau haulua hautou ni au ni aulua ni autou
3rd person hana ha lāua ha lā ha lātou ni ana ni a lāua ni a lā ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Polynesian *haku. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻu and Samoan a'u.

Noun

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aku

  1. needlefish of the genus Strongylura

References

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  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[1], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 10

Totoli

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

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aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)
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