Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skadwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₃-tús, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark”).^[1] Cognate with Old Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑð.wɑz/

Noun

*skadwaz m^[2]

a shadow

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skadwaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skadwaz	skadwōz, skadwōs
vocative	*skadw	skadwōz, skadwōs
accusative	*skadwą	*skadwanz
genitive	skadwas, skadwis	*skadwǫ̂
dative	*skadwai	*skadwamaz
instrumental	*skadwō	*skadwamiz

Derived terms

*skadwijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skadu
- Old English: sċeadu
  - Middle English: schadwe, schadewe, schadowe, schade
    - English: shadow, shade, shed
    - Scots: scaddow, schaddow, shadow, shade, schad
- Old Frisian: *skade
  - Saterland Frisian: Skade, Skaad
  - West Frisian: skaad, skâd
- Old Saxon: skado
  - Middle Low German: schaduwe, schadewe, schāde, schēde
    - Low German:
      - German Low German: Schade, Scharre, Scharr
      - Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Schiae
        Westmünsterländisch: Schatten
    - Plautdietsch: Schauten
- Old Dutch: scado
  - Middle Dutch: schāde, schāduwe
    - Dutch: schaduw; (archaic) schad; (archaic) schade/schaai
      - Afrikaans: skadu, skaduwee
- Old High German: skato, scato m; skata, scata f
  - Middle High German: schate, schade, schete, schatwe, schetewe m
    - German: Schatten
    - Luxembourgish: Schiet
    - Yiddish: שאָטן (shotn)
Old Norse: *skadda, *skǫddu (gen.)
- Icelandic: skodda, skoddi
- Faroese: skadda, skødda, skaddi
- Norwegian: skodde; skadda, skodda (dialectal)
- Jamtish: skǫdde
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skadus) (reanalysed as u-stem)
→ Proto-Finnic: *katvëh
- Finnish: katve

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skadu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*śěrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skadu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*śěrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

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