-le

• -el

• IPA^(key): /əl/, /l̩/

From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-lōn, from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).

Cognate with West Frisian -elje, Dutch -elen, German -eln, Danish -le, Norwegian Bokmål -le, Norwegian Nynorsk -la, Swedish -la, Icelandic -la. Compare -er.

-le

2. A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:

   assle, buzzle, crackle, cuddle, dazzle, draggle, drawl, dribble, drizzle, fumble, gamble, grapple, handle, jostle, kissle, maddle, mingle, nestle, nuzzle, prattle, quible, ramble, rattle, ripple, scribble, sile, sizzle, smartle, sniffle, snuggle, startle, stopple, suckle, tattle, tickle, topple, waggle, whemmle, wiggle, wrestle

From Middle English -el, -le (adjectival), from Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz and *-ilaz (adjective suffixes). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el, Icelandic -ill.

-le

2. Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of "prone to", "tending to", "apt to", "capable of"; compare -ative:

   battle, breakle, brittle, fickle, forgettle, little, newfangle, nimble, wankle

From Middle English -el (agent suffix), from a combination of two suffixes:

• Old English -el, -il (diminutive suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (diminutive suffix).
• Old English -el, -ol, -ul (agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent suffix). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el.

• -el

-le

2. Forming diminutives from other nouns.

   Coordinate term: -ling

   ‎dump + ‎-le → ‎dimple

   ‎dung + ‎-le → ‎dingle

   ‎hatch + ‎-le → ‎hatchel

   ‎hose + ‎-le → ‎hosel

   ‎howf + ‎-le → ‎hovel

   ‎gome + ‎-le → ‎gomeral

   ‎corn + ‎-le → ‎kernel

   ‎new + ‎-le → ‎newel

   ‎nose + ‎-le → ‎nozzle

   ‎puck + ‎-le → ‎puckle

   ‎turd + ‎-le → ‎treddle

3. Forming agent nouns from verbs:

   beadle, beetle, bridle, bundle, cripple, fettle, girdle, ladle, losel, runnel, shovel, spindle, spittle, steeple, stile, stopple, thimble, tool, towel, trundle

• dottle
• piffle

Unsorted:

• -el, EL, El, el

• -tzaile (see usage notes)

-le

1. Forms agent noun from verbs.

   ‎ikasi (“study”) + ‎-le → ‎ikasle (“student”)

• It is used with verbs ending in -i preceded by a sibilant or -r(r)-. If the sibilant is an affricate, it is reduced to a fricative.

  ‎idatzi (“write”) + ‎-le → ‎idazle (“writer”)

  ‎irakatsi (“teach”) + ‎-le → ‎irakasle (“teacher”)

  ‎irakurri (“read”) + ‎-le → ‎irakurle (“reader”)

• For other verbs the alternative form -tzaile is used.

-le

1. forms diminutives

-l(a) +‎ -e

• IPA^(key): /-leˣ/, [-le̞(ʔ)]

-le

1. Forms diminutive nouns.

See the main entry.

• IPA^(key): /-leˣ/, [-le̞(ʔ)]

-le (dialectal)

1. Alternative form of -lle.
   • 1878, J. Krohn, Kertomuksia Suomen Historiasta, →ISBN:

     Keisarilainen sotawoima riensi kaupungile awuksi ja ankara tappelu syttyi sen likellä.

     The imperial military came in haste to aid the town, and violent combat erupted near it.

   • 1996, Rosa Liksom, Kreisland, →ISBN:

     Siinä nirppanokkanen kotifrouva istu kiitävässä avoautossa ja sano J. Edgar Hooverin näkselle miehele: »Tämä on unta.»

     There sat a stuck up housewife in a dashing convertible and said to a man that looked like J. Edgar Hoover: "This is a dream."

From Middle High German -elīn, -līn, from Old High German -ilī, -ilīn.

• IPA^(key): [lə]

• Audio:

  (file)

-le

1. (chiefly dialectal) suffix used to create a diminutive form; e.g., Haus → Häusle

• Brünnele
• Häusle
• Kätzle
• Krämle
• Ländle
• Mädle
• Säckle
• Späßle
• Spätzle (plural)

• -i
• -chen
• -lein

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-le/, [-lʲe̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-lʲe/, [-lʲe̞]

-le

1. Alternative form of -lee

-le

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of le

   dare (“to give”) → darle (“to give them; to give for her”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → venderle (“to sell them; to sell to her”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirle (“to serve them; to serve to her”)

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third plural feminine person and the dative form when the object is third singular feminine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arle

-ere → -erle

-ire → -irle

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurle (“to introduce them; to insert in her”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -le.

• el

-le

1. vocative masculine singular of -lus

-le

1. Alternative form of -el (adjectival suffix)

-le

1. Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

-le

1. Alternative form of -el (diminutive suffix)

-le

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival”)

-le

1. Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial”)

-le

1. nominalising suffix

• IPA^(key): /le/

Inherited from Latin -ae (“first-declension ending”), with intrusive l.

-le

1. (in the plural) -s (feminine/neuter)

• This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in a stressed vowel, or is monosyllabic:
• zile, from zi, fem.
• basmale, from basma, fem.
• cafele, from cafe, fem.

• -e

Inherited from Latin ille.

-le

1. variant of -l: the (definite article)

This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in -e:

• fratele, from frate, masc.
• numele, from nume, neut.
• muntele, from munte, masc.

Inherited from Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.

-le

1. (definite article) the (feminine/neuter plural, nominative and accusative)

This form of the definite article is used for both feminine and neuter plural nouns in the nominative and accusative cases

• amintirile, from amintiri, fem.
• visurile, from visuri, neut.

Note that this suffix is also added to indefinite feminine plurals in -le:

• zilele, from zile, fem.
• basmalele, from basmale, fem.
• cafelele, from cafele, fem.

The suffix is also used with feminine plural adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:

• caldele plăcinte, from plăcintele calde (both meaning, "the warm pies")

• IPA^(key): [ʌl], [əl], [l]

From Middle English -el, -le, from Old English -el, -ol (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz (adjective suffix).

-le

1. used for forming adjectives signifying 'having a tendency to' or 'able to'; e.g. forgettle, smittle, fodgle

-le

1. a contracted form of full; e.g. cairtle (“cartful, cart-load”), cogle (“bowlful”)

From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).

-le

1. frequentative or diminutive suffix, added to verbs
2. forms adverbs implying direction towards

Compare Yiddish ־ל (-l).

-le n

1. Used to form diminutives.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /ˈle/

-le

1. Suffix appended to nouns to derive verbs with various meanings.

   ‎alkış (“applause”) + ‎la → ‎alkışlamak (“to applaude”)

   ‎temiz (“clean”) + ‎-le → ‎temizlemek (“to clean”)

From ile.

• IPA^(key): /le/

-le

1. with, shortened form of ile

   annemle okula gidiyorum

   I am going to school with my mother

2. by, shortened form of ile

   Okula otobüsle gidiyorum

   I am going to school by bus

• If it's added to a proper noun, it must be used with an apostrophe.

  Zafer'le - with Zafer.

  Emre'yle - with Emre.

• Unlike most Turkish suffixes, this suffix is always unstressed; the stress in the combined word remains where it was in the word before suffixing.