밝다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆰ다〮 (Yale: pòlk-tá). Alternation of Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá, “to be red”, whence modern Korean 붉다 (bukda)); see there for more. From Old Korean 明斤 (*POlk).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pa̠k̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [박따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	bakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	balgda
McCune–Reischauer^?	pakta
Yale Romanization^?	palkta

Adjective

Korean verb set
Base	밝다 (bakda)
Causative	밝히다 (balkida)

밝다 • (bakda) (infinitive 밝아, sequential 밝으니)

to be bright, to be brilliant
Synonym: 훤하다 (hwonhada)

Antonym: 어둡다 (eodupda)
to be light, to be clear
Antonym: 어둡다 (eodupda)
to be acute, to be keen, to be learned
to be cheerful, to be happy, to be optimistic
Antonym: 어둡다 (eodupda)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 밝다 (bakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	밝다 bakda	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝습니다 bakseumnida
Indicative	Past	밝았다 balgatda	밝았어 balgasseo	밝았어요 balgasseoyo	밝았습니다 balgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	밝으냐 balgeunya	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝습니까 bakseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	밝았냐 balgannya	밝았어 balgasseo	밝았어요 balgasseoyo	밝았습니까 balgatseumnikka
Assertive		밝겠다 balgetda	밝겠어 balgesseo	밝겠어요 balgesseoyo	밝겠습니다 balgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		밝아 balga	밝아서 balgaseo	밝으니 balgeuni	밝으니까 balgeunikka
Contrast		밝지만 bakjiman	밝은데 balgeunde	밝더니 bakdeoni
Conjunction		밝고 balgo
Condition		밝으면 balgeumyeon	밝아야 balgaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		밝음 balgeum	밝기 balgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		밝았음 balgasseum	밝았기 balgatgi
Determiners	Present		밝은 balgeun
Determiners	Future		밝을 balgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	밝으시다 balgeusida	밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으세요, 밝으셔요 balgeuseyo, balgeusyeoyo	밝으십니다 balgeusimnida
Indicative	Past	밝으셨다 balgeusyeotda	밝으셨어 balgeusyeosseo	밝으셨어요 balgeusyeosseoyo	밝으셨습니다 balgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	밝으시냐 balgeusinya	밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으세요, 밝으셔요 balgeuseyo, balgeusyeoyo	밝으십니까 balgeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	밝으셨냐 balgeusyeonnya	밝으셨어 balgeusyeosseo	밝으셨어요 balgeusyeosseoyo	밝으셨습니까 balgeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		밝으시겠다 balgeusigetda	밝으시겠어 balgeusigesseo	밝으시겠어요 balgeusigesseoyo	밝으시겠습니다 balgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으셔서 balgeusyeoseo	밝으시니 balgeusini	밝으시니까 balgeusinikka
Contrast		밝으시지만 balgeusijiman	밝으신데 balgeusinde	밝으시더니 balgeusideoni
Conjunction		밝으시고 balgeusigo
Condition		밝으시면 balgeusimyeon	밝으셔야 balgeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		밝으심 balgeusim	밝으시기 balgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		밝으셨음 balgeusyeosseum	밝으셨기 balgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		밝으신 balgeusin
Determiners	Future		밝으실 balgeusil

Verb

밝다 • (bakda) (infinitive 밝아, sequential 밝으니)

(intransitive) to dawn

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 밝다 (bakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	밝는다 bangneunda	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝습니다 bakseumnida
Indicative	Past	밝았다 balgatda	밝았어 balgasseo	밝았어요 balgasseoyo	밝았습니다 balgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	밝느냐 bangneunya	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝습니까 bakseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	밝았느냐 balganneunya	밝았어 balgasseo	밝았어요 balgasseoyo	밝았습니까 balgatseumnikka
Hortative		밝자 bakja	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝으십시다 balgeusipsida
Imperative		밝아라 balgara	밝아 balga	밝아요 balgayo	밝읍시오 balgeupsio
Assertive		밝겠다 balgetda	밝겠어 balgesseo	밝겠어요 balgesseoyo	밝겠습니다 balgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		밝아 balga	밝아서 balgaseo	밝으니 balgeuni	밝으니까 balgeunikka
Contrast		밝지만 bakjiman	밝는데 bangneunde	밝더니 bakdeoni
Conjunction		밝고 balgo
Condition		밝으면 balgeumyeon	밝아야 balgaya
Motive		밝으려고 balgeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		밝음 balgeum	밝기 balgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		밝았음 balgasseum	밝았기 balgatgi
Determiners	Past	밝은 balgeun
	Present	밝는 bangneun
	Future	밝을 balgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	밝으신다 balgeusinda	밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으세요, 밝으셔요 balgeuseyo, balgeusyeoyo	밝으십니다 balgeusimnida
Indicative	Past	밝으셨다 balgeusyeotda	밝으셨어 balgeusyeosseo	밝으셨어요 balgeusyeosseoyo	밝으셨습니다 balgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	밝으시느냐 balgeusineunya	밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으세요, 밝으셔요 balgeuseyo, balgeusyeoyo	밝으십니까 balgeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	밝으셨느냐 balgeusyeonneunya	밝으셨어 balgeusyeosseo	밝으셨어요 balgeusyeosseoyo	밝으셨습니까 balgeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		밝으시라 balgeusira	밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으세요 balgeuseyo	밝으십시오 balgeusipsio
Assertive		밝으시겠다 balgeusigetda	밝으시겠어 balgeusigesseo	밝으시겠어요 balgeusigesseoyo	밝으시겠습니다 balgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		밝으셔 balgeusyeo	밝으셔서 balgeusyeoseo	밝으시니 balgeusini	밝으시니까 balgeusinikka
Contrast		밝으시지만 balgeusijiman	밝으시는데 balgeusineunde	밝으시더니 balgeusideoni
Conjunction		밝으시고 balgeusigo
Condition		밝으시면 balgeusimyeon	밝으셔야 balgeusyeoya
Motive		밝으시려고 balgeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		밝으심 balgeusim	밝으시기 balgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		밝으셨음 balgeusyeosseum	밝으셨기 balgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	밝으신 balgeusin
	Present	밝으시는 balgeusineun
	Future	밝으실 balgeusil

Derived terms

밝을녘 (balgeullyeok)