頭髮

See also: 頭髪

Chinese

		head; (noun suffix)	hair
trad. (頭髮)		頭	髮
simp. (头发)		头	发

Etymology

Attested in the Han Dynasty.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tóufa, tóufǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ ˙ㄈㄚ, ㄊㄡˊ ㄈㄚˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tou² fa^2-1

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): туфа (tufa, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): tau⁴ faat³
Gan (Wiktionary): teu² fat
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thèu-fat
Jin (Wiktionary): tou¹ fah⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): tàu-huók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tao² bue⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶deu-faq₇ / ²deu-faq₇
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tou² fa⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóufa
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ˙ㄈㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóufå
  - Wade–Giles: tʻou²-fa⁵
  - Yale: tóu-fa
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tour.fa
  - Palladius: тоуфа (toufa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä³/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóufǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄈㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóufǎ
  - Wade–Giles: tʻou²-fa³
  - Yale: tóu-fǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourfaa
  - Palladius: тоуфа (toufa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tou² fa^2-1
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: toufa
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰəu²¹ fa²¹⁻⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: туфа (tufa, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou²⁴ fa⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tau⁴ faat³
  - Yale: tàuh faat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tau⁴ faat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: teo⁴ fad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ faːt̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: teu² fat
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛu²⁴ fat̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu-fat
  - Hakka Romanization System: teu^ˇ fad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: teu² fad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹ fat̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tou¹ fah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰəu¹¹ faʔ²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tàu-huók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵³⁻²¹ ^(h-)uɔʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tao² bue⁵ [Phonetic: tao⁴ ue⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau¹³⁻⁴² ^(p-)uei²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tao² bue⁵ [Phonetic: tao⁴ ue⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau¹³⁻⁴² ^(p-)uei²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶deu-faq₇
  - MiniDict: deu^去 fah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³deu-faq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɤ²² faʔ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²deu-faq₇
  - MiniDict: deu^平 fah^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /døy²² fɑʔ³³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: tou² fa⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰəu̯¹³ ɸa̠²⁴/

Middle Chinese: duw pjot

Rime
Character	頭	髮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	度侯切	方伐切
Baxter	duw	pjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəu/	/pʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dəu/	/pʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dəu/	/piuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəw/	/puat̚/
Li Rong	/du/	/piuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/dəu/	/pĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱə̯u/	/pi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóu	fa
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tau⁴	faat³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-t]ˤo pot/

(Zhengzhang): /*doː pod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	頭	髮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tóu	fà
Middle Chinese	‹ duw ›	‹ pjot ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-t]ˁo/	/*pot/
English	head	root; hair (of head)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	頭	髮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2465	151
Phonetic component	豆	犮
Rime group	侯	月
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	頭	髮
Old Chinese	/*doː/	/*pod/

Noun

頭髮

hair on the head (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 根 m; 縷／缕 m; 綹／绺 m)
梳頭髮／梳头发 ― shū tóufa ― to comb one's hair

一縷頭髮／一缕头发 ― yī lǚ tóufa ― a lock of hair

種植頭髮／种植头发 ― zhòngzhí tóufa ― to transplant hair

我把頭髮染成了粉的。 [MSC, trad.]
我把头发染成了粉的。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ bǎ tóufà rǎn chéng le fěn de. [Pinyin]
I dyed my hair pink.

Usage notes

For hair on other parts of the body, use 毛 (máo) instead.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 頭髮 (“hair (on the head)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		髮, 頭毛, 鬊
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		頭髮
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	頭髮
	Taiwan	頭髮
	Langfang	頭髮
	Ulanhot	頭髮
	Tongliao	頭髮
	Chifeng	頭髮
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	頭髮
	Harbin	頭髮
	Shenyang	頭髮
	Malaysia	頭髮
	Singapore	頭髮
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	頭髮
	Cangzhou	頭髮
	Baoding	頭髮
	Shijiazhuang	毛
	Jinan	頭髮
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	頭髮
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	頭髮
	Daming	頭髮
	Wanrong	頭髮
	Zhengzhou	頭髮
	Xi'an	頭髮
	Xining	頭髮
	Xuzhou	頭髮, 毛兒 humorous
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	頭髮
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	頭髮
	Bayanhot	頭髮
	Lanzhou	頭髮
	Ürümqi	頭髮
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	頭髮
	Wuhan	頭髮
	Guiyang	頭髮
	Kunming	頭髮
	Guilin	頭髮
	Liuzhou	頭髮
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	頭髮
	Yangzhou	頭髮
	Hefei	頭髮
	Chuzhou	頭毛
Cantonese	Guangzhou	頭髮, 頭毛
	Hong Kong	頭髮
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	頭毛
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	頭毛
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	頭那毛
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	頭毛
	Macau	頭髮
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	頭毛, 頭髮
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	頭髮
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	頭髮, 頭毛
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	頭毛
	Foshan	頭毛, 頭髮
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	頭髮
	Foshan (Shunde)	頭髮
	Foshan (Sanshui)	頭髮
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	頭髮
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	頭毛
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	頭毛
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	頭毛
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	頭毛
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	頭毛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	頭毛
	Taishan	頭毛
	Kaiping (Chikan)	頭毛
	Enping (Niujiang)	頭毛
	Heshan (Yayao)	頭髮
	Dongguan	頭毛
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	頭毛
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	頭毛
	Qingyuan	頭髮
	Fogang	頭髮
	Yingde (Hanguang)	頭髮
	Yangshan	頭髮
	Lianshan (Butian)	頭毛
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	頭髮
	Shaoguan	頭髮
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頭髮
	Renhua	頭髮
	Lechang	頭髮
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	頭髮
	Sihui	頭髮
	Guangning	頭髮
	Deqing	頭髮
	Huaiji	頭髮
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	頭髮
	Yunfu	頭髮
	Xinxing	頭髮
	Luoding	頭髮
	Yunan (Pingtai)	頭毛
	Yangjiang	頭毛
	Xinyi	頭毛
	Maoming (Xinpo)	頭毛
	Lianjiang	頭毛
	Nanning	頭髮
	Wuzhou	頭髮
	Yulin	頭毛
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	頭毛
	Guiping	頭髮
	Mengshan (Xihe)	頭髮
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	頭髮
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	頭毛
	Baise	頭髮
	Bobai	頭毛
	Lingshan	頭毛
Pubei	頭毛
Qinzhou	頭毛
Beihai	頭髮, 頭毛
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	頭髮, 頭毛
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	頭髮
Ningming	頭髮
Hengzhou	頭毛
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	頭髮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	頭髮, 頭毛
Danzhou	毛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	頭髮
Singapore (Guangfu)	頭髮
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	頭髮
Móng Cái	頭髮, 頭毛
Gan	Nanchang	頭髮
	Lichuan	頭髮
	Pingxiang	頭髮
	Jianning	頭髮
	Taining	頭毛
Hakka	Meixian	頭那毛
	Xingning	毛
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	頭毛
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	頭毛
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	頭毛
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	頭毛
	Huidong (Daling)	頭那毛
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	頭那毛
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	頭髮
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	頭髮, 頭毛
	Boluo (Bendihua)	頭毛
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	頭那毛
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	頭那毛
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	毛, 頭那毛
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	頭那毛
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	頭那毛
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	頭那毛
	Wuhua (Changbu)	頭那毛
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	頭那毛
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	頭毛, 頭髮
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	頭毛
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	頭髮
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	頭髮
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	頭髮
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	頭髮
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	頭髮
	Wengyuan	頭髮毛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頭毛
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	頭毛
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	頭毛, 頭髮
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	頭髮
	Liannan	頭髮
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	頭髮
	Jiexi	頭那毛
	Luhe	頭那毛
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	頭那毛
	Changting	頭髮, 頭那毛
	Wuping	頭髮
	Wuping (Yanqian)	毛
	Wuping (Pingyu)	頭髮毛
	Liancheng	頭髮
	Ninghua	腦毛
	Yudu	頭髮
	Ningdu	頭髮
	Ruijin	頭髮
	Shicheng	頭髮
	Shangyou (Shexi)	頭髮
	Tonggu (Sandu)	頭髮
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	頭髮
	Dayu	頭髮
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	頭那毛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	頭那毛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	頭那毛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	頭那毛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	頭那毛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭那毛
	Hong Kong	頭那毛
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	頭毛
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	頭毛
	Xinyi (Sihe)	頭髮
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	頭髮
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	頭毛
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	頭毛
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	頭髮
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	頭毛
Lianjiang (Qingping)	頭毛
Mengshan (Xihe)	頭髮
Luchuan	頭毛
Luchuan (Daqiao)	頭毛
Sabah (Longchuan)	頭那毛
Senai (Huiyang)	頭那毛
Kuching (Hepo)	頭毛
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	頭那毛
Singkawang	頭那毛
Huizhou	Jixi	頭毛, 頭髮
Huizhou	Huangshan (Tunxi)	頭髮
Jin	Taiyuan	頭髮
	Pingyao	頭髮
	Xinzhou	頭髮
	Taibus (Baochang)	頭髮
	Linhe	頭髮
	Jining	頭髮
	Hohhot	頭髮
	Baotou	頭髮
	Dongsheng	頭髮
	Haibowan	頭髮
	Zhangjiakou	頭髮
	Handan	頭髮
Northern Min	Jian'ou	頭毛, 頭髮
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	頭毛
	Songxi	頭毛
	Zhenghe	頭毛
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	頭毛
	Jianyang	頭毛
	Wuyishan	頭毛
	Pucheng (Shibei)	頭毛
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	頭髮
	Fuqing	頭髮, 頭毛
	Gutian	頭髮
	Ningde	頭髮
	Shouning	頭髮
	Zhouning	頭髮
	Fuding	頭髮
	Matsu	頭髮
Southern Min	Xiamen	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	頭毛
	Quanzhou	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Jinjiang	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Shishi	頭毛
	Anxi	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Yongchun	頭毛
	Dehua	頭毛
	Zhangzhou	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	頭毛
	Zhao'an	頭毛
	Dongshan	頭毛
	Taipei	頭毛
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頭毛
	Kaohsiung	頭毛
	Yilan	頭毛
	Changhua (Lukang)	頭毛
	Taichung	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Taichung (Wuqi)	頭毛
	Tainan	頭毛
	Taitung	頭毛
	Hsinchu	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Kinmen	頭毛
	Penghu (Magong)	頭毛
	Penang (Hokkien)	頭毛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	頭毛, 頭鬃
	Manila (Hokkien)	頭毛
	Longyan	頭毛
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	頭毛
	Datian	頭毛
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	頭毛
	Chaozhou	頭毛
	Shantou	頭毛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	頭毛
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	頭毛
	Jieyang	頭毛
	Lufeng	頭毛
	Haifeng	頭毛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	頭毛
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	頭毛
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	頭毛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	頭毛
	Singapore (Teochew)	頭毛
	Leizhou	頭毛
	Wenchang	頭毛
	Haikou	頭毛
Puxian Min	Putian	頭髮, 頭毛
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	頭髮
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	頭髮, 頭毛
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	頭髮, 頭毛
	Xianyou	頭髮
	Xianyou (Fengting)	頭髮
	Xianyou (Youyang)	頭髮
	Fuding (Aoyao)	頭毛
Central Min	Yong'an	頭髮
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	頭髮
	Sanming (Shaxian)	頭髮
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	頭髮
	Guangze	頭髮
	Jiangle	頭毛
	Mingxi	頭毛
	Shunchang	頭毛
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	頭毛
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	頭毛
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	頭髮
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	頭毛
Shehua	Fu'an	頭毛
	Fuding	頭毛
	Luoyuan	頭毛
	Sanming	頭毛
	Shunchang	頭毛
	Hua'an	頭毛
	Guixi (Zhangping)	頭毛
	Cangnan	頭毛
	Jingning (Hexi)	頭毛
	Lishui	頭毛
	Longyou	頭毛
	Chaozhou	頭毛
	Fengshun	頭毛
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	腦毛
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	腦毛
Wu	Shanghai	頭髮
	Shanghai (Chongming)	頭毛
	Suzhou	頭髮
	Wuxi	頭髮
	Danyang	頭髮, 頭髮絲, 頭毛 dated
	Hangzhou	頭髮, 頭髮絲兒
	Ningbo	頭髮, 頭毛 dated
	Wenzhou	頭髮
	Jinhua	頭髮
Xiang	Changsha	頭髮
	Loudi	頭絲
	Shuangfeng	頭髮
	Quanzhou	頭髮
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	腦毛

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (頭髮):

→ Japanese: 頭髪(とうはつ) (tōhatsu)
→ Korean: 두발(頭髮) (dubal)

Wutunhua: tekhua

Japanese

Kanji in this term
頭	髮
とう Grade: 2	はつ Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Noun

頭(とう)髮(はつ) • (tōhatsu)

Kyūjitai form of 頭髪 (“hair on the head”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
頭	髮

Noun

頭髮 • (dubal) (hangeul 두발)

hanja form^? of 두발 (“hair on the head”)