鐵

See also: 铁

鐵	U+9435, 鐵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9435

← 鐴
[U+9434]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鐶 →
[U+9436]

Translingual

Traditional	鐵
Shinjitai	鉄
Simplified	铁

Han character

鐵 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 金十戈土 (CJIG), four-corner 8315₀, composition ⿰釒𢧜)

Derived characters

𫬾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1323, character 37
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40945
Dae Jaweon: page 1823, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4261, character 5
Unihan data for U+9435

Chinese

trad.		鐵
simp.		铁
alternative forms		𨬿鐡𨮯𨫓銕𨬿鐡𨮯𨫓銕鉄䥫鋨

Chemical element
Fe
Previous: *錳／锰 (měng) (Mn)*
Next: 鈷／钴 (gǔ) (Co)

Wikipedia has articles on:

鐵 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
鐵 (Cantonese)
鐵 (Classical)
鐵 (Gan)
Thiet (Hakka)
Tiék (Eastern Min)
Thih (Southern Min)
鐵 (Wu)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (呈) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
挰	*rleːŋ
鋥	*rleːŋs
逞	*l̥ʰeŋʔ
裎	l̥ʰeŋʔ, rleŋ
悜	*l̥ʰeŋʔ
睈	*l̥ʰeŋʔ
呈	rleŋ, l'eŋs
程	*rleŋ
酲	*rleŋ
珵	*rleŋ
徎	rleŋʔ, l̥ʰeːŋʔ
郢	*leŋʔ
浧	*leŋʔ
桯	l̥ʰeːŋ, ɦleːŋ
鞓	*l̥ʰeːŋ
壬	l̥ʰeːŋʔ, njɯm
鐵	*l̥ʰiːɡ
驖	l̥ʰiːɡ, l'iːɡ
戜	*l'iːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𢧜 (OC *l'iːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak (“iron”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕགས (lcags). According to the Shuowen, alternative forms included 銕 (OC *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd). Compare 驖 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ, “black horse”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tiě (tie³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄝˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tie²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): те (ti͡ə, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tit³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): het¹
Gan (Wiktionary): tiet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thiet

(Meixian, Guangdong): tiad⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): tieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): tiĕ
Eastern Min (BUC): tiék
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ti⁵ / teh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thih / thī / thiat / thet

(Teochew, Peng'im): tih⁴

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ti⁷ / tieg⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷thiq
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): tie⁶

(Loudi, Wiktionary): te²

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): tie⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiě
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄝˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiě
  - Wade–Giles: tʻieh³
  - Yale: tyě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiee
  - Palladius: те (te)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tie²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tie
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: те (ti͡ə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tit³
  - Yale: tit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːt̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: het¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /het̚³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tiet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: tied^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯et̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiat̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰiəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ti⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛʔ²/

Note:

ti5 - vernacular;
teh6 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Klang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thih
  - Tâi-lô: thih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiq
  - IPA (Penang): /tʰiʔ³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /tʰiʔ³²/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tʰiʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Klang): /tʰiʔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Philippines): /tʰiʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thī
  - Tâi-lô: thī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ti
  - IPA (Longyan): /tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiat
  - Tâi-lô: thiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiad
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Klang): /tʰiɛt̚⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thet
  - Tâi-lô: thet
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ted
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tʰet̚⁴/

Note:

thih/thī - vernacular;
thiat/thet - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tih⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thih
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiʔ²/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ti⁷ / tieg⁴
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵/, /tʰiek̚⁵/

Note:

ti7 - vernacular;
tieg4 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷thiq
  - MiniDict: thih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴thiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: tie⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯e̞²⁴/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: te²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰe̞¹³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: tie⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯e̞²²/

Middle Chinese: thet

Rime
Character	鐵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	他結切
Baxter	thet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛt̚/
Li Rong	/tʰet̚/
Wang Li	/tʰiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤik/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鐵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiě
Middle Chinese	‹ thet ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁik/
English	iron
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鐵
Reading #	1/1
No.	1447
Phonetic component	呈
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	鐵
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰiːɡ/

Definitions

鐵

iron (Fe)
鐵鏽／铁锈 ― tiěxiù ― rust of iron
(only in compounds) Short for 鐵路／铁路 (tiělù, “railway”).
地鐵／地铁 ― dìtiě ― subway

港鐵／港铁 [Cantonese] ― gong² tit³ [Jyutping] ― MTR
arms; weapon (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c)
手無寸鐵／手无寸铁 ― shǒuwúcùntiě ― weaponless; unarmed

陀鐵／陀铁 [Cantonese] ― to⁴ tit³ [Jyutping] ― to carry a gun
strong; solid; firm
鐵拳／铁拳 ― tiěquán ― iron fist

鐵漢／铁汉 ― tiěhàn ― man of iron will

咱倆關係鐵。／咱俩关系铁。 ― Zán liǎ guānxi tiě. ― We are on intimate terms.
ironclad; firm; unalterable
鐵定／铁定 ― tiědìng ― ironclad

鐵的紀律／铁的纪律 ― tiě de jìlǜ ― firm discipline
ruthless
鐵蹄／铁蹄 ― tiětí ― cruel oppression of the people

鐵石心腸／铁石心肠 ― tiěshíxīncháng ― stone-hearted
(Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c)
Synonyms: 春 (ceon¹), 毛

你識條鐵咩？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你识条铁咩？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ sik¹ tiu⁴ tit³ me¹? [Jyutping]
What the heck do you know?
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鐵 (“iron”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鐵
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鐵
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鐵
	Taiwan	鐵
	Harbin	鐵
	Singapore	鐵
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	鐵
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	鐵
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	鐵
	Xi'an	鐵
	Xining	鐵
	Xuzhou	鐵
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	鐵
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	鐵
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	鐵
	Wuhan	鐵
	Guiyang	鐵
	Guilin	鐵
	Liuzhou	鐵
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	鐵
	Yangzhou	鐵
	Hefei	鐵
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鐵
	Hong Kong	鐵
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鐵
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	鐵
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鐵
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	鐵
	Macau	鐵
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鐵
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鐵
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鐵
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鐵
	Foshan	鐵
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	鐵
	Foshan (Shunde)	鐵
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鐵
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鐵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鐵
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	鐵
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	鐵
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鐵
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鐵
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鐵
	Taishan	鐵
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鐵
	Enping (Niujiang)	鐵
	Heshan (Yayao)	鐵
	Dongguan	鐵
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鐵
	Yangjiang	鐵
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	鐵
	Hepu (Shatian)	鐵
	Qinzhou	鐵
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	鐵
	Beihai	鐵
	Beihai (Nankang)	鐵
	Beihai (Yingpan)	鐵
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	鐵
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	鐵
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	鐵
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鐵
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鐵
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	鐵
	Móng Cái	鐵
Gan	Nanchang	鐵
	Lichuan	鐵
	Pingxiang	鐵
Hakka	Meixian	鐵
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	鐵
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	鐵
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鐵
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鐵
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	鐵
	Yudu	鐵
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鐵仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鐵仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鐵
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鐵
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鐵
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鐵
	Hong Kong	鐵
	Senai (Huiyang)	鐵
Huizhou	Jixi	鐵
Jin	Taiyuan	鐵
Jin	Xinzhou	鐵
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鐵
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鐵
Southern Min	Xiamen	鐵
	Taipei	鐵
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鐵
	Kaohsiung	鐵
	Yilan	鐵
	Changhua (Lukang)	鐵
	Taichung	鐵仔
	Tainan	鐵
	Hsinchu	鐵
	Kinmen	鐵
	Penghu (Magong)	鐵
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鐵
	Manila (Hokkien)	鐵
	Chaozhou	鐵
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鐵
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	鐵
	Leizhou	鐵
	Haikou	鐵
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	鐵
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鐵
Wu	Shanghai	鐵
	Shanghai (Chongming)	鐵
	Suzhou	鐵
	Danyang	鐵
	Hangzhou	鐵
	Wenzhou	鐵
	Jinhua	鐵
Xiang	Changsha	鐵
	Loudi	鐵
	Shuangfeng	鐵
	Hengyang	鐵

Dialectal synonyms of 槍 (“gun; firearm”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		槍, 槍械, 槍支
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	槍
	Taiwan	槍
	Chifeng	槍
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	槍
	Harbin	槍
	Shenyang	槍
	Singapore	槍
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	槍
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	槍
	Tangshan	槍
	Cangzhou	槍
	Baoding	槍
	Shijiazhuang	槍
	Jinan	槍
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	槍
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	槍
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	槍
	Wanrong	槍
	Zhengzhou	槍
	Xi'an	槍
	Xining	槍
	Xuzhou	槍
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	槍
	Lanzhou	槍
	Ürümqi	槍
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	槍
	Chongqing	槍
	Wuhan	槍
	Guiyang	槍
	Kunming	槍
	Guilin	槍
	Liuzhou	槍
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	槍
	Yangzhou	槍
	Nantong	槍
	Hefei	槍
Cantonese	Guangzhou	槍
	Hong Kong	槍, 炮, 鐵
	Taishan	槍
	Dongguan	槍
	Singapore (Guangfu)	槍
Gan	Lichuan	槍
Gan	Pingxiang	槍
Hakka	Meixian	槍
	Yudu	槍
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	銃仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	銃仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	銃仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	銃
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	銃
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	銃
Huizhou	Jixi	槍
Huizhou	Shexian	槍
Jin	Taiyuan	槍
	Xinzhou	槍
	Linhe	槍
	Jining	槍
	Hohhot	槍
	Zhangjiakou	槍
	Handan	槍
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	槍, 銃
Eastern Min	Matsu	槍
Southern Min	Xiamen	銃, 銃支
	Quanzhou	銃, 銃支
	Jinjiang	銃
	Zhangzhou	銃, 銃支
	Zhangpu	銃
	Tainan	銃
	Penang (Hokkien)	銃
	Singapore (Hokkien)	銃, 銃支
	Manila (Hokkien)	銃
	Shantou	槍
	Jieyang	銃, 槍
	Haikou	槍
Puxian Min	Putian	銃
Puxian Min	Xianyou	銃
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	槍
Wu	Shanghai	槍
	Shanghai (Chongming)	槍
	Suzhou	槍
	Danyang	槍
	Hangzhou	槍
	Jinhua	槍
Xiang	Changsha	槍
Xiang	Loudi	槍

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鐵):

→ Japanese: 鉄(てつ) (tetsu)
→ Korean: 철(鐵) (cheol)

Others:

→ Proto-Hmong: *ʰluwꟲ
→ Proto-Mien: *ʰrɛkᴰ
→ Proto-Tai: *ʰlekᴰ
- Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ʰlekᴰ¹ˢ
  - Ahom: 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik)
  - Lao: ເຫຼັກ (lek)
  - Lü: ᦵᦜᧅ (l̇ek)
  - Shan: လဵၵ်း (láek)
  - Tai Nüa: ᥘᥥᥐᥱ (lěk)
  - Thai: เหล็ก (lèk)
- Nong Zhuang: liak
- Zhuang: lek, lik
→ Proto-Vietic: *k-rac
- Middle Vietnamese: sắt
  - Vietnamese: sắt
- Muong: khách
→ Zhuang: diet

References

“鐵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04354

Japanese

Shinjitai	鉄
Kyūjitai	鐵

Kanji

鐵

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鉄)

Kyūjitai form of 鉄 (“iron”)

Readings

Go-on: てち (techi)
Kan-on: てつ (tetsu)
Kun: くろがね (kurogane, 鐵)、かね (kane, 鐵)
Nanori: けん (ken)、てつ (tetsu)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Hanja

鐵 (eumhun 쇠 철 (soe cheol))

hanja form^? of 쇠 (“iron”)

Compounds

계철 (繼鐵, gyecheol)
전철 (電鐵, jeoncheol)
지하철 (地下鐵, jihacheol)

Vietnamese

Han character

鐵: Hán Nôm readings: thiết, sắt

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