笛

Translingual

Han character

笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 8860₃, composition ⿰𥫗由)

Derived characters

𬗺(𬙀), 𬧍, 𥶯, 𬕫

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917
Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1
Unihan data for U+7B1B

Chinese

trad.		笛
simp. ^#		笛
alternative forms		篴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	ljɯwɢs, lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	l̥ʰɯw, l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	l'ɯw, ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	lɯw, lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	lɯwɢs, l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	l'ɯːwɢ, l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology

Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dí (di²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): di²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ди (di, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dek⁶ / dek^6-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): iak⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): liah⁷ / tit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tha̍k / thi̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): tag⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): dieh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): dĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ta̍t / ti̍h / tî / te̍k / tia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dag⁸ / dig⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸diq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dí
  - Wade–Giles: ti²
  - Yale: dí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
  - Palladius: ди (di)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: di²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ди (di, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dek⁶ / dek^6-2
  - Yale: dehk / dék
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dek⁹ / dek^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: dég⁶ / dég^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛːk̚²/, /tɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: iak⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iak̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: liah⁷ / tit⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaʔ²/, /tʰit̚²/

Note:

liah7 - vernacular;
tit7 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tha̍k / thi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: tag / tid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tag⁶ / tid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/, /tʰit̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tag⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/

Note:

tha̍k - vernacular;
thi̍t - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dieh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tiəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ta̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dat
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dih
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
  - Tâi-lô: tî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dii
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tɛk̚¹⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tiak̚²³/

Note:

ta̍t, ti̍h - vernacular;
te̍k/tia̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: dag⁸ / dig⁴
- Sinological IPA: /tak̚²/, /tik̚⁵/

Note:

dag8 - vernacular;
dig4 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸diq
  - MiniDict: dih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: di⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 笛
Mandarin	Beijing	/ti³⁵/
	Harbin	/ti²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ti⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ti⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ti⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ti⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ti²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sz̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ti¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ti⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ti⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ti²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ti³¹/
	Guiyang	/ti²¹/
	Kunming	/ti³¹/
	Nanjing	/tiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/tiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tiəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/tiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/diɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/diəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/diəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/di²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/tʰe¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ti²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ti²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɑʔ²/ /tʰiʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰak̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɛk̚²/
	Nanning	/tek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/tɛk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tik̚⁵/ /tiʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ti²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdak̚³/

Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁiwk/
English	flute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
No.	15537
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːwɢ/

Definitions

笛

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 笛子 (“(Chinese) transverse flute”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		笛子, 橫笛
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	笛子, 笛兒, 橫笛兒
	Taiwan	笛子
	Singapore	笛子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	笛兒, 笛, 笛子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	笛子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	笛子
	Wanrong	笛
	Xi'an	笛
	Xining	笛竿兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	笛子
	Wuhan	笛子
	Guiyang	笛子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	笛子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	笛子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	笛, 簫
	Hong Kong	笛, 笛子 Chinese
	Yangjiang	笛
Gan	Nanchang	笛子
	Lichuan	笛仔
	Pingxiang	笛子
Hakka	Meixian	笛仔, 笛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	橫簫
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	嗶嗶仔
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	橫簫
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	簫仔
Jin	Taiyuan	笛子, 笛, 梅
Northern Min	Jian'ou	簫, 橫簫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	簫
Southern Min	Xiamen	笛仔, 𥰔仔
	Quanzhou	笛仔, 𥰔仔
	Jinjiang	𥰔仔
	Zhangzhou	𥰔仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	𥰔仔
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	𥰔仔
	Kaohsiung	𥰔仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	𥰔仔
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	𥰔仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	𥰔仔
	Tainan	𥰔仔
	Tainan (Anping)	𥰔仔
	Penghu (Xiyu)	𥰔仔
	Chaozhou	笛
	Shantou	笛
	Jieyang	笛
Wu	Suzhou	笛
Wu	Wenzhou	笛
Xiang	Changsha	笛子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	曲子

Dialectal synonyms of 嗩吶 (“suona (musical instrument)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嗩吶
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	嗩吶, 鼻兒
	Taiwan	嗩吶
	Singapore	嗩吶
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	樂人
	Xi'an	嗩吶
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	嗩吶子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	撒拉子, 哩哩吶
	Guiyang	嗩吶
	Liuzhou	咪嗎, 嗩吶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	啲咑, 哬哚
	Hong Kong	啲咑, 嗩吶
	Dongguan	啲咑
	Yangjiang	啲咑
Gan	Lichuan	吹打, 嗩吶
Gan	Pingxiang	喇叭
Hakka	Yudu	喇叭
	Shicheng	哈噠
	Shangyou (Shexi)	吹打
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	笛仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	笛仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	吹笛
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	笛仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	笛仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	笛仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	笛, 啲咑
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	笛仔, 笛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	嗒嘀
Huizhou	Jixi	大親
Jin	Taiyuan (Jinyuan)	咪咪
Jin	Xinzhou	三號
Northern Min	Jian'ou	啲嗒仔 soprano, 喇叭 alto or bass
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	𫪦咑
Southern Min	Xiamen	噯仔
	Quanzhou	噯仔
	Zhangzhou	嗒知嘟
	Taipei	鼓吹
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鼓吹
	Kaohsiung	鼓吹
	Yilan	鼓吹
	Changhua (Lukang)	鼓吹
	Taichung	鼓吹
	Tainan	鼓吹
	Hsinchu	鼓吹
	Kinmen	鼓吹
	Penghu (Magong)	鼓吹
	Chaozhou	啲咑
	Shantou	啲咑
	Jieyang	啲咑
	Puning	啲咑
	Haifeng	鼓手
	Leizhou	笛
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	哬哚
Wu	Shanghai	嗩吶

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

笛

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じゃく (jaku)^{←ぢやく (dyaku, historical)}
Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ちゃく (chaku)
Kun: ふえ (fue, 笛, Jōyō)^{←ふえ (fue, 笛, historical)}^{←ふ𛀁 (fuye, 笛, ancient)}

Compounds

横(おう)笛(じゃく) (ōjaku)
横(よう)笛(じょう) (yōjō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
笛
ふえ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

笛 (fue, chaku, teki): a painting from the 1100s showing a noble playing a **flute**.

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

笛

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Flute

Wikipedia

⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/

From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1]

Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふえ [fùé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟e̞]

Noun

笛(ふえ) • (fue)

[from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
[from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
[from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
a whistle such as that used by a referee
[from 1910] a train whistle

Derived terms

Idioms

笛(ふえ)吹(ふ)けども踊(おど)らず (fue fukedomo odorazu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
笛
てき Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.

First cited to a text from the 1400s.^[1] This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てき [téꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [te̞kʲi]

Affix

笛(てき) • (teki)

flute, whistle

Derived terms

Noun

笛(てき) • (teki)

[1400s–???] (music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
笛
ちゃく Grade: 3
kan'yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).

First cited to a text from 1241.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちゃく [cháꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

笛(ちゃく) • (chaku)

[from 1241] (archaic, music) a flute, whistle

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

笛: Hán Nôm readings: địch, sáo

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]