祖父

Chinese

		ancestral	father
simp. and trad. (祖父)		祖	父
anagram		父祖

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zǔfù

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu³ fu⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): zou² fu⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chó͘-hū / chó͘-hǔ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsu-vu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǔfù
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǔfù
  - Wade–Giles: tsu³-fu⁴
  - Yale: dzǔ-fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuufuh
  - Palladius: цзуфу (czufu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zu³ fu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zufu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵³ fu²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zou² fu⁶
  - Yale: jóu fuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou² fu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou² fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯³⁵ fuː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-hū
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo-hū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofhu
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-hǔ
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo-hǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsu-vu
  - MiniDict: tsu^去 vu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsu-vu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡su³³ vu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsuX bjuX

Rime
Character	祖	父
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	則古切	扶雨切
Baxter	tsuX	bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suo^X/	/bɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suo^X/	/bio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡so^X/	/bio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɔ^X/	/buə̆^X/
Li Rong	/t͡so^X/	/bio^X/
Wang Li	/t͡su^X/	/bĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suo^X/	/bʱi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǔ	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou²	fu⁶

Noun

祖父

(formal) paternal grandfather (one's father's father)
我祖父既不會讀又不會寫。 [MSC, trad.]
我祖父既不会读又不会写。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zǔfù jì bù huì dú yòu bù huì xiě. [Pinyin]
My grandfather can neither read nor write.

Synonyms

(literary) 大父 (dàfù)

Dialectal synonyms of 祖父 (“paternal grandfather”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		祖父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		祖父
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	爺爺
	Taiwan	爺爺, 阿公
	Ulanhot	爺爺
	Tongliao	爺爺
	Chifeng	爺爺
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	爺爺
	Harbin	爺, 爺爺
	Shenyang	爺, 爺爺
	Singapore	爺爺
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	爺爺
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	爺爺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	爺, 爺爺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	爺爺
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	爺
	Wanrong	爺
	Zhengzhou	爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face
	Xi'an	爺, 把把 Hui
	Xining	爺爺, 爺, 爺兒
	Xuzhou	爺爺
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	爺爺
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	把把
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	爺爺
	Bayanhot	爺爺
	Lanzhou	爺爺
	Ürümqi	爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	爺爺, 爺
	Wuhan	爹爹, 爺爺
	Guiyang	太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺
	Kunming	老爹
	Guilin	爺爺
	Liuzhou	阿公, 公, 爺爺
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	爺爺, 把把 Hui
	Yangzhou	爹爹
	Nantong	爹爹
	Hefei	爹爹
	Huanggang	爹爹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face
	Hong Kong	阿爺, 爺爺
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	阿公, 阿爺
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	阿公
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	阿公
	Macau	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Huangpu)	公爺
	Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	阿公, 阿爺
	Foshan	阿爺
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	阿爺
	Foshan (Shunde)	阿爺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	阿爺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	阿公
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	阿公
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	阿公
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	阿公
	Taishan	阿爺
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿爺
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿爺
	Heshan (Yayao)	阿爺
	Dongguan	阿公, 阿爺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	阿公, 阿爺
	Qingyuan	阿公
	Fogang	阿公
	Yingde (Hanguang)	阿公
	Yangshan	阿公
	Lianshan (Butian)	吾蒙
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	阿公
	Shaoguan	阿公, 阿爺
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	阿公, 阿爺
	Renhua	阿公, 阿爺
	Lechang	阿爺
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	爺爺
	Sihui	阿公, 阿爺
	Guangning	阿公
	Deqing	阿翁, 阿爺
	Huaiji	阿公
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	翁
	Yunfu	阿爺
	Xinxing	阿爺
	Luoding	阿爺
	Yunan (Pingtai)	阿公
	Yangjiang	阿公, 阿爺
	Xinyi	阿公
	Maoming (Xinpo)	阿公
	Lianjiang	阿公, 公爹
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	爹, 阿爹
Nanning	阿公, 爺爺
Wuzhou	爺爺, 阿爺
Yulin	阿公, 阿爺
Hepu (Lianzhou)	阿公
Danzhou	爸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	阿爺
Singapore (Guangfu)	阿爺, 爺爺
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	阿爺
Gan	Nanchang	公公, 爺爺
	Lichuan	公, 公兒
	Pingxiang	公公
Hakka	Meixian	阿公
	Xingning	阿公
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿公
	Huiyang	阿公
	Huidong (Daling)	阿公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿公
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿公
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	阿公
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	阿公
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	阿公
	Wuhua (Changbu)	阿公
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	阿公
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿公
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿公
	Wengyuan	阿公
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	公爹
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	阿公
	Liannan	公
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	阿公
	Jiexi	阿公
	Luhe	阿公
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	阿公
	Changting	公爹
	Wuping	公爹
	Wuping (Yanqian)	公爹
	Wuping (Pingyu)	阿公
	Liancheng	爹
	Ninghua	公公
	Yudu	公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face
	Ningdu	公公
	Ruijin	公公, 公
	Shicheng	公, 公公
	Shangyou (Shexi)	爹爹, 阿爹
	Tonggu (Sandu)	公爹
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	爹爹
	Dayu	爹爹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿公
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿公
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿公
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿爹, 阿公
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿公
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿公
	Hong Kong	阿公
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	阿公
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	阿公
	Xinyi (Sihe)	阿公
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	阿公
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	阿公
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	阿公
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	阿公
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	阿公
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	阿公
	Mengshan (Xihe)	公
	Luchuan	阿公
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	阿公
	Sabah (Longchuan)	阿公
	Senai (Huiyang)	阿公
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	阿公
	Singkawang	阿公
Huizhou	Jixi	朝, 阿朝 face-to-face
	Shexian	朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	朝朝, 老朝兒
	Xiuning	阿朝, 阿爹
	Yixian	老官
	Qimen	老兒
	Wuyuan	朝朝
	Fuliang	公公, 大大
	Dexing	老爹
	Jingde	公公
	Shitai (Xianyu)	大大
Jin	Taiyuan	爺爺
	Pingyao	爺爺
	Xinzhou	爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face
	Taibus (Baochang)	爺爺
	Linhe	爺爺
	Jining	爺爺
	Hohhot	爺爺
	Baotou	爺爺
	Dongsheng	爺爺
	Haibowan	爺爺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	阿公
	Songxi	家公
	Zhenghe	公仔
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	公
	Jianyang	爹爹
	Wuyishan	爹爹
	Pucheng (Shibei)	公爹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	依公, 公
	Fuzhou (Changle)	依公
	Fuqing	阿公
	Yongtai	依公
	Gutian	公
	Fu'an	公
	Ningde	翁
	Zhouning	阿翁
	Fuding	阿公
	Matsu	依公
	Singapore (Fuqing)	阿公
Southern Min	Xiamen	阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	阿公
	Quanzhou	阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Jinjiang	俺公, 引公
	Yongchun	阿公, 公
	Zhangzhou	阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Zhao'an	公
	Taipei	阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; GT
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	阿公
	Kaohsiung	阿公
	Yilan	阿公
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿公, 俺公
	Taichung	阿公
	Taichung (Wuqi)	阿公
	Tainan	阿公
	Taitung	阿公
	Hsinchu	阿公
	Kinmen	俺公
	Penghu (Magong)	阿公
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿公, 公, 內公
	Singapore (Hokkien)	俺公, 阿公, 內公
	Manila (Hokkien)	俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	阿公
	Chaozhou	阿公
	Shantou	阿公
	Shantou (Chenghai)	阿公
	Jieyang	阿公
	Haifeng	阿公, 公
	Bangkok (Teochew)	阿公
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	內公
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿公
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿公
	Batam (Teochew)	阿公
	Leizhou	尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face
	Wenchang	公
	Haikou	爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face
	Singapore (Hainanese)	阿公
Puxian Min	Putian	阿公
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	阿公
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	阿公
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	阿公
	Xianyou	阿公
	Xianyou (Fengting)	阿公
	Xianyou (Youyang)	阿公
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	爹爹
Shehua	Fu'an	翁
	Fuding	阿公
	Luoyuan	阿公
	Sanming	阿公
	Shunchang	阿翁
	Hua'an	公
	Cangnan	公
Wu	Shanghai	老爹, 爺爺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	裡公
	Suzhou	阿爹
	Wuxi	爺爺
	Danyang	爺爺
	Hangzhou	爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹
	Ningbo	阿爺
	Wenzhou	阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face
	Jinhua	爺爺
Xiang	Changsha	爹爹, 爺爺, 公公
	Xiangtan	公公, 公毑
	Loudi	阿公, 公公, 佳佳
	Shuangfeng	公公
	Hengyang	爺爺
	Quanzhou	爹爹
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Derived terms

外祖父 (wàizǔfù)
曾祖父 (zēngzǔfù)
祖父母 (zǔfùmǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (祖父):

→ Japanese: 祖父(そふ) (sofu)
→ Korean: 조부(祖父) (jobu)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

祖父

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
祖	父
そ Grade: 5	ふ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
祖父 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 祖父 (MC tsuX bjuX). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そふ [sóꜜfù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [so̞ɸɯ̟]

Noun

祖(そ)父(ふ) • (sofu)

a grandfather

Derived terms

内(ない)祖(そ)父(ふ) (naisofu): paternal grandfather
外(がい)祖(そ)父(ふ) (gaisofu): maternal grandfather
曽(そう)祖(そ)父(ふ) (sōsofu): great-grandfather
祖父母(そふぼ) (sofubo): grandparents

Related terms

祖(そ)母(ぼ) (sobo): grandmother

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
祖	父

Noun

祖父 • (jobu) (hangeul 조부)

hanja form^? of 조부 (“grandfather”)

Synonyms

할아버지 (harabeoji)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

祖父

Contents

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Korean

Noun

Synonyms