燥

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

燥 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火口口木 (FRRD), four-corner 9689₄, composition ⿰火喿)

Derived characters

𭟡

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 684, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19467
Dae Jaweon: page 1097, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2240, character 19
Unihan data for U+71E5

Chinese

trad.		燥
simp. ^#		燥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 燥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (喿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藻	*ʔsaːwʔ
澡	*ʔslaːwʔ
璪	*ʔsaːwʔ
繰	ʔsaːwʔ, saːw, *sʰaw
躁	*ʔsaːws
趮	*ʔsaːws
操	sʰaːw, sʰaːws
幧	sʰaːw, sʰaw
懆	*sʰaːwʔ
鄵	*sʰaːws
鐰	zaːw, sʰaw
臊	saːw, saːws
鱢	*saːw
燥	saːwʔ, saːws
噪	*saːws
髞	*saːws
喿	*saːws
譟	*saːws
劋	ʔsawʔ, ʔseːwʔ
橾	soːwʔ, srow

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːwʔ, *saːws) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zào (zao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò / sò͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zào
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zào
  - Wade–Giles: tsao⁴
  - Yale: dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cou³
  - Yale: chou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò
  - Tâi-lô: sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soix
  - IPA (Taipei): /so¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /so²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò͘
  - Tâi-lô: sòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁴¹/

Note:

sò/sò͘ - literary;
sò - vernacular (Quanzhou).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵sau
  - MiniDict: sau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: sawX

Rime
Character	燥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇老切
Baxter	sawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/saw^X/
Li Rong	/sɑu^X/
Wang Li	/sɑu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.sˤawʔ-s/, /*C.sˤawʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*saːwʔ/, /*saːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燥	燥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sào	zào
Middle Chinese	‹ saw^H ›	‹ saw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.sˁawʔ-s/	/*C.sˁawʔ/
English	dry	dry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燥	燥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16580	16581
Phonetic component	喿	喿
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	㛮
Old Chinese	/*saːwʔ/	/*saːws/

Definitions

燥

dry; parched; arid
乾燥／干燥 ― gānzào ― dry
^† Alternative form of 躁 (“quick-tempered; anxious”)
急燥 ― jízào ― anxious
(traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Min, of food or medicine) heaty
(Mainland China Hokkien) to absorb (moisture)
(Xiamen Hokkien) object that can absorb moisture

Synonyms

(heaty): 熱／热 (rè); (Hokkien) 燥煏煏, 燥熱／燥热, 熱燥／热燥
(to absorb):

edit

吸 (xī)
吸取 (xīqǔ)
吸收 (xīshōu)
抽取 (chōuqǔ)
攝／摄 (literary, or in compounds)
攝取／摄取 (shèqǔ)
束 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
汲 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
汲取 (jíqǔ)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (燥):

→ Japanese: 燥(そう) (sō)
→ Korean: 조(燥) (jo)
→ Vietnamese: táo (燥)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: ráo (𫧭, “be dried up”)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sào (sao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sào
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sào
  - Wade–Giles: sao⁴
  - Yale: sàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saw
  - Palladius: сао (sao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò
  - Tâi-lô: sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /so²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ²¹/

Definitions

燥

minced meat

Compounds

燥子
肉燥 (ròusào)

Japanese

Kanji

燥

(Jōyō kanji)

parch; dry up

Readings

Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
Kun: かわく (kawaku, 燥く)、はしゃぐ (hashagu, 燥ぐ)

Compounds

乾燥(かんそう) (kansō): dry; arid; insipid; dehydrated

Korean

Hanja

燥 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

(마를 조, mareul): to be dry

Vietnamese

Han character

燥: Hán Nôm readings: táo, ráo

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