柏

See also: 栢

柏	U+67CF, 柏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67CF

← 柎
[U+67CE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

某 →
[U+67D0]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

柏 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹日 (DHA), four-corner 4690₀, composition ⿰木白)

Derived characters

湐, 𫢾, 𬝌

Related characters

栢 (Variant form of 柏)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14617
Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1185, character 3
Unihan data for U+67CF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柏
alternative forms		栢

Wikipedia has articles on:

柏科 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
柏 (Cantonese)
Pak-su (Hakka)
柏科 (Wu)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
怕	pʰraːɡs, pʰraːɡ
帕	pʰraːɡs, mbraːd
粕	pʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	tʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	praːɡ, pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	pʰraːɡ, ɡeːwʔ
洦	mpʰraːɡ, mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	praɡ, preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎi, bó (bai³, bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): paak³ / baak³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pak

(Meixian, Guangdong): bag⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): bák
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): peh / peeh / pek / piak

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷paq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
  - Wade–Giles: pai³
  - Yale: bǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
  - Palladius: бай (baj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Note:

Mainland:
- bó - standard only in foreign names, e.g. 柏林, 柏拉圖／柏拉图;
- bǎi - used for other senses.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: paak³ / baak³
  - Yale: paak / baak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paak⁸ / baak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: pag³ / bag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːk̚³/, /paːk̚³/

Note:

paak3 - Guangzhou, Hong Kong;
baak3 - Guangzhou.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
  - Tâi-lô: peh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /peʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
  - Tâi-lô: peeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
  - Tâi-lô: pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
  - Tâi-lô: piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/

Note:

peh/peeh - vernacular;
pek/piak - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bêh⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷paq
  - MiniDict: pah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴paq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: paek

Rime
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Baxter	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/
English	cypress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柏
Reading #	1/1
No.	197
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

Definitions

柏

cypress
Alternative form of 伯
Alternative form of 迫
(～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan)
(～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bò, bó (bo⁴, bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˋ, ㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ / paak³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bò
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bò
  - Wade–Giles: po⁴
  - Yale: bwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boh
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: baak³ / paak³
  - Yale: baak / paak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ / paak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag³ / pag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³/, /pʰaːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/

Definitions

柏

Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò).

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01907
“柏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

柏

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

柏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

oak
(rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera

Readings

Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
Kan-on: はく (haku)
Kun: かしわ (kashiwa, 柏)、このてがしわ (konotegashiwa, 柏)、かえ (kae, 柏)、かや (kaya, 柏)
Nanori: かい (kai)、かし (kashi)

Noun

柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa)

oak

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カシワ.

Proper noun

柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa)

Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)
a female given name

Korean

Hanja

柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백)

Used in the names of certain trees

Vietnamese

Han character

柏: Hán Nôm readings: bách, bá

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation